• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.185-190
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• 1988

The study was designed to establish quantitative method for assessing the marginal leakage of dental restorations. 18 Class V cavities with $45^{\circ}$ bevel joint were prepared and replicas of these teeth were made with polyethylene wax. and classified with three groups. First group was filled with Scotch bond and silux. Second group was filled with glass ionomer cement:scotchbond/silux. Third group was filled with Dentin-Adhesit/Heliosit. After finishing, all specimens were subjected manually to 100 thermal cycles at $0^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ Samarium nitrate solution, irradiated with flux of $6{\times}12^{12}$ neutrons/$cm^2$/sec for 11 hours, woled for 200 hours, counted with the HpGe detector and the tracer uptake was determined by comparison with a standard of samarium ($10{\mu}g$). The following results were obtained. 1) The group filled with glass ionomer cement base showed least marginal leakage. 2) The group filled with Dentin-Adhesit/Heliosit showed less marginal leakage than the group filled with scotchbond/silux.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the dyeing method with dry leaves of indigo plant. Coloring matter was extracted from dry leaves of indigo plant with hot sodium hydroxide solution. The extract was reduced with sodium dithionite, and it was used for dyeing cotton fabrics under various conditions. UV-visible absorption spectra of extract, reduction rate of extracts by reducing agent, and the surface color of dyed cotton, lightfastness were examined. For the initial 20 minutes, the absorbance of indigo solution rapidly decreased. However, several hours later, the decreasing rate retarded. By repeating the dyeing process, the shade looked deeper and deeper. At $30-40^{\circ}C$, the value of K/S reached the highest point. The concentration of indigo solution in dye bath seemed to playa critical role for the reaction of the reducing agent. It was observed that the surface color of cotton fabrics was getting bluish and its degree of value and chroma seemed slightly decreased as the K/S value was increasing. The lightfastness was clearly enhanced by increasing the K/S value.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

Background : Acupuncture has been used as a clinical treatment in Oriental medicine for various diseases including pain relief. The descending pain control system of periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a powerful pain control system in mammalians. Expression of c-Fos is used as a marker for stimuli-induced metabolic changes of neurons. Objective : In the present study, the effects of acupuncture on analgesic effect in visceral pain were investigated through the writhing reflex and c-Fos expression in ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) area using immunohistochemistry in mice. Method : For the writhing test, mice were divided into five groups. Immediately after finishing the behavioral test, the animals were weighed and overdosed with Zoletil. After a complete lack of response was observed, the brains of the mice were dissected into serial coronal sections, and c-Fos immunohistochemistry was performed. Statistical analysis of all data was performed using one-way ANOVA. Result : The present results showed that acupuncture affected the writhing reflex and that Choksamni (zusnali) acupoint and aspirin significantlysuppressed acetic acid treatment-induced increased writhing reflex, and the expression of c-Fos in vlPAG was significantly increased in the acupunctured group. Conclusion : The present study suggests that acupuncture has an antinociceptive effect on acetic acid-induced visceral pain by increase of c-Fos expression in mice. Aspirin also showed analgesic effect, however the mechanism is different from the acupuncture.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.626-634
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• 2017

This study investigated garment formability of the 73 breathable fabrics for sports-wear garment and their fabric mechanical properties were measured using KES-FB and FAST systems. Predicted garment formability from the mechanical properties measured using KES-FB and FAST systems was compared and discussed with fabric structural parameters. In addition, virtual 3D simulation silhouette by I-designer CAD system wear appearance by simulation using 3D CAD system. And compared with FAST finger chart by mechanical properties of FAST system. The correlation coefficients of extensibility and shear modulus between KES-FB and FAST systems were high, however, bending rigidity and compressibility showed relatively low correlation coefficients. The correlation coefficient of garment formability of breathable fabrics between KES-FB and FAST systems was 0.82. It revealed that garment formability can be predicted from fabric mechanical properties by KES-FB and FAST systems. The garment formability of nylon breathable fabric was higher than that of PET one, and the garment formability of laminated breathable fabric showed the highest value compared to coated, dot and hot melt laminated breathable fabrics. It revealed that garment formability of breathable fabrics for sports-wear can be predicted from fabric mechanical properties and garment formability was dependent on the materials, finishing method and fabric structural parameters.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.110-117
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• 2004

Recently the hospitals or clinics tend to get out of the functional and technological aspect so as to gradually emphasize service for patients. While qualitative rather than quantitative alteration is noticeable, the scale of clinics is getting larger. Especially, the opulence resulted from economic, social and cultural development has enabled more people to visit dermatology or plastic surgery besides treatment for disease. Responding to this tendency, dermatology is focusing on skin beauty, plastic operation, controlling obesity, etc. for women rather than ordinary treatment. Thus, dermatology is in need of space for skin control as well as ordinary treatment, which raises the immediate necessity of new plan for space and interior environment. In order to meet such necessity of dermatology, it is required to fully study and consider the plan for interior space. First, the purpose, scope and method of research will be defined in the introduction. Second, the concept of clinic as well at the characteristic of dermatology will be studied by theoretical investigation. Third, the general concept of dermatology will be analyzed by examining the characteristic of each room in dermatology, the moving line of nurses and patients, the color of dermatology and the design factor of finishing materials through general investigation on dermatology. Fourth, in order to look into the general case of dermatology, the object of examination will be selected for examination through literature and visiting. After examining data, the result will be analyzed and evaluated to prepare the ground for interior plan of dermatology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1147-1150
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• 2007

Korean traditional houses have been developed in sympathy with natural environment and formed comfortable indoor condition by properly using surrounding natural resources including building layout, space construction and material. Or traditional wooden windows adjusting ambient temperature and humidity have both the functions of window and door, although they are clearly divided in the West. While window paper is attached from the outside in China and Japan, it is attached from the inside in Korea. The opening and closing mode of windows is similar and their dimensions are shown not to be standardized but diverse in terms of the characteristic of wooden furniture and that of components placed between columns. Thus this study is to look into the performance of band-lattice door of a typical traditional one by observing changes in sound insulation characteristics according to difference in thickness and finishing method of window paper and those in sound insulation characteristics with the changed thickness of air layer in traditional windows and doors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.696-700
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• 2007

In case of dome-typed gymnastics training floor, since its form takes shape of the focus of sound, in the occasion when the finishing-material was used with the sandwich panel that prominent in reflexibility, and because the reverberation of sound in indoor is too loud, a smooth practice and teaching is very difficult. As this indoor gymnastics training floor, standing at its character, is required simultaneously the idea communication between the player and the coach, and the acoustic capability regarding to the clearness of music, besides the sport activity, the method to minimize the acoustic defect should be urgently contrived from the stages of design and beginning of construction. On this viewpoint, after investigation on the confidence of the surveyed value and the estimated value using acoustic simulation, and use of the changed finish-material, this thesis intends to design the dome-typed gymnastics training floor that secured the optimized acoustic condition. It is also considered that such result of the study could be utilized as the useful data that enables to improve the retrenchment effect of the construction cost as well as the acoustic performance, by means of the prediction control on the acoustic problem from the stage of design, for the occasion when the similar indoor sport gymnasium is planning to build for the near future.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.2 s.81
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

A colour-difference formulae would be based on a colour appearance model, but, So far, most colour-difference formulae in common use are based on empirical fits to data. Therefore, of the many proposed, none are completely satisfactory but advances have been made in recent years. A new color-difference data set has been produced with the aims of making a comparison of the advanced CIE Lab formulae as well as confirming the effect of color-difference. 416 low lightness pairs that have only lightness-difference were produced for evaluation of CIE Lab-based formulae on lightness-difference from glossy polyester fabric. The standard color-difference pair was prepared and used. It was neutral grey sample pair that has only lightness difference. The standard pair was used to investigate lightness tolerances. And grey-scale method used to evaluate visual assessment. CIE Lab coordinates of the samples were measured using a X-Rite 8200 spectrophotometer. Visual assessments were carried out using Gretag Macbeth The Judge II Light Booth. A study of color tolerances at low lightness was carried out and get avaliable some results.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.4 s.83
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• pp.7-14
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop the color matching program with the excellent camouflage capacity in the near infrared range($\~$1100nm) including the visible light range for cotton fabrics. It was measured IR spectral reflectance in the range of $380\~1,100nm$ after dyed with vat dyes, and we made database for reflectance with various concentration on vat dyes which have a low reflectance value in the infrared range. The color matching algorithm that could be simulated in both the human visible light and the near infrared range was constructed by numerical analysis method using the database. In this study we also developed the dyeing conditions and dyeing process through the continuous-dyeing experiment with the vat dyes for cotton fabrics.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.30-37
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• 1999

The extracts drawn out from Artemisia princeps by water was concentrated. Using this concentrate the silk and the cotton fabrics were dyed, and they were measured with the K/S value, surface color and mordant quantity in order to evaluate the dyeability and the antimicrobial activity. The results are as follows; 1. The K/S value of the silk fabric was much higher than that of the cotton fabric. And the color yield of the dyed silk fabric was most efficient for the premordanting method. 2. The surface colors on the dyed fabric depended heavily upon mordants used or mordanting methods. For all cases, the value of the dyed fabric was generally dark. For the Cr-mordant among various mordants, the chroma produced clear and the color difference was distinct when using the Fe-mordant. 3. On the other hand the amount of absorbed mordant in the silk fabric was larger than that of the cotton fabric. And the Cu-mordant was most efficient. 4. The color fastness was significantly improved when mordants were added. Cr-mordant improved best in all of the dry cleaning, wet cleaning and perspiration fastness. Iron and abrasion fastness showed over 4-5 grade regardless of any mordant. And light fastness was best in Cu-mordant. 5. The Cu-mordant showed the greatest antimicrobial activity in both of mordant treat silk and cotton fabrics.