• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.34-43
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• 1991

The dyeing property of milling type acid dyes with various chemical constitution were studied in one bath dyeing of Wool/Nylon blended fabrics and the proper dyeing condition to get solid color by using reserving agent was also examined. The result of the experiments can be summarized as follows; 1) Although the effect of pH on dyeing of wool with a highly hydrophiilic dye is great in the dyeing of wool and nylon, the proper pH of dyeing bath is weakly acidic 5, in which levelling dye can be obtained by increasing the solubility product. 2) Under a constant pH, the dye with fewer numbers of sulfonic acid groups increases the dyeing amount of nylon as the concentration of the dye is increased. Thus the appropriate dye for light color is the one with many numbers of sulfonic acid groups and the proper dye for medium and deep color is of fewer sulfonic acid groups for one-bath dyeing. 3) When the dye concentration is greater than the critical depth, the K/S value of wool and nylon was almost not effected or slightly increased.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Recently, polyester is widely used in textile fabrics due to its application potentials in various fields. It is known that askin fabric is prepared with mainly polyester and is enjoyed with various end uses such as marine clothing, underwear, shirts, swimming suits and so on. For this purpose, color fastness should be considered with great importance during its wet processing step. In this context, vat dyes were very much attracted due to the advantage of superior fastness property. Thus, we have used indigo dye towards askin fabric dyeings and investigated corresponding properties namely, dyeing temperature, concentration of dye, reducing agent amount and alkali amount. The results showed that higher color strengths of indigo dyeing on askin fabric were obtained at $110^{\circ}C$, 8% o.w.f, 3g/l, 5g/l, respectively. The color fastness to washing was considerable generally.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.180-189
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• 2018

To study the effect of stereoisomeric structures of curing agents on curing behaviors, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resins, DGEBA(diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) epoxy resin and 3,3'- and 4,4'-DDS(diaminodiphenyl sulfone) curing agents were selected. The curing initiation temperature and activation energy of DGEBA/3,3'-DDS was lower than DGEBA/4,4'-DDS. DGEBA/3,3'-DDS has a faster curing rate and higher degree of cure than DGEBA/4,4'-DDS, suggesting that 3,3'-DDS has higher reactivity than 4,4'-DDS. Tensile strength and fracture toughness of DGEBA/3,3'-DDS was lower than those of DGEBA/4,4'-DDS, indicating that mechanical properties of the epoxy resin can be different only by the stereoisomeric difference in chemical structure of the curing agent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 1995

To prepare a durable softening water repellent, quaternized octadecyl methacrylate-2-diethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate as a mother resin and quaternized 1, 3-dioctadecyl-2, 7-dioxy-6, 8-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-1, 3, 6, 8-tetraazacyclodecane which increase the softening effect and the hydrostatic pressure blended with waxes and their emulsifier in various proportions to give water repellent PADWC. As the results of the measurement of water repellency, washable, tear strength and crease recovery to polyestercotton(P/C) blended fabrics treated with PADWC only or addition of textile finishing resin, the physical properties were increased. There was no significant lowering effect in water repellency when PADWC was treated the antistatic agent by the one-bath method, and the effect of water repellency by the adding the catalyst was studied. PADWC was confirmed as durable water repellent with the results of making little difference of water repellency as ${\pm}5$ point after and before washing.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

Many of the natural dyes used for natural dyeing are difficult to maintain colorfastness due to their complex structure and specific properties. Therefore, there is a need for developing of color sustainable ability for use as an advanced coloring agent for fabrics, which would eco benign or not. In this study, the natural dye extracted from the waste of grape fruits was used to dye cotton fabric. Thus, the present study aims at extraction of color from grape seeds, skin, and stem through fermentation and then employing the same in dyeing and mordanting of cotton. Dyeing experiments were done under different conditions of fermentation and protein type mordants which were treated before and after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were used with cotton after scouring. Color value of dyed fabrics and color fastness of cotton dyed fabrics to washing and light were measured. The fastness of dyed experimental fabrics was increased by mordanting of protein fermentation and the color of dyed cotton was light red purple. The color of dyed fabric found with the optimum mordant treatment when treated with pre milk-mordant at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30min and 3% grape seed extract. On the whole, reddish tone very slightly increased with the milk pre-mordant. The color fastness of dyed cotton fabrics to light and washing was increased after fermentation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.250-253
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• 2002

The operation of surface and edge finishing is the last and essential process of parts machining, because a product is completed as an assembly. Therefore, the quality of the finished parts has a direct effect upon the performance of the product. Especially, the edge quality depending on the burr control process is very important. A number of deburring processes have been developed for macro burrs such as barreling, brushing, chemical methods, etc. However, micro burr removal when piercing a very thin plate is very difficult, because this badly deteriorates the surface quality of the processed part. When ultrasonic wave is propagated in liquids, it forms an infinitude of micro bubbles. These bubbles generate extremely strong force, which removes micro burrs. In ultrasonic micro deburring, the problem is that burrs are not removed completely, because only components of the explosive force directly act on the burrs, which is not enough. An attempt was made to remove the burrs using ultrasonic vibration in water with SiC as an abrasive agent. Because of the abrasive, smoother edges have been achieved. There are many control parameters in ultrasonic deburring such as abrasive size, ultrasonic frequency and amplitude, distance between tool and workpiece, tilt angle of workpiece etc. This study focuses on how distance and tilt angle influence deburring effect. A number of experiments for these parameters have been carried out, and then the effect of each parameter analyzed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2000

Influence of the fluorescent whitening agent(FWA)'s adsorption on the whiteness of cotton and on the color change of the dyed fabrics was investigated by repeating wash cycles. Cotton 100% and cotton60/polyester40 blended fabrics were dyed pink, blue and yellow, and cyanuric chloride diamino stilbene(CC/DAS) and distyryl bisphenyl(DSBP) were used for the FWA with laundry detergents. Fabrics were washed at $20^\circ{C}$ with Terg-o-tometer. The FWA adsorption amount was measured by the absorption intensity for the pyridine-water extracted solution. The FWA adsorption increased on the cotton fabric with the wash cycles. Though adsorption of CC/DAS continuously increased up to the 20th cycle, that of DSBP increased sharply before the 10th cycle and reached an equilibrium. The whiteness of the fabrics dried in the shade was greater than that dried under the sunlight through window glass. The color change of dyed fabrics was increased by the number of wash cycles. Pink changed more greatly than blue, yellow or grey cloth. The color change(\Delta{E)}$ of dyed fabric washed repeatedly up to the 20th cycle with the detergent without FWA was less than 1. It is recommended to wash pale colored fabric with the detergent free of FWA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.703-713
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• 2012

This study analyzed the physical properties and flame retardancy of Tencel FR/Cotton complex knit fabrics in order to satisfy two aspects of eco-friendliness and functionality. The flame retardant (FR) treatment of complex knit fabrics was applied by a pad-dry-cure method for additional functionality. Tensile strength, extension, bursting strength, LOI, and flame retardancy were measured by the KS (Korean Standard) K manual. The hand value knit fabrics were measured by KES-FB system. Subsequently, tensile strength and extension of wale and tensile strength of course increased in tandem with the Tencel FR yarn content. Tencel FR/Cotton complex knit fabrics were suitable for summer-weight and for baby clothes through the KES-FB system measurements. The bursting strength of Tencel FR/Cotton complex knit fabrics decreased as the contents of the Tencel FR increased; in addition, LOI increased as the contents of Tencel FR increased. This was due to the Tencel FR flame resistance function; however, the tensile strength decreased. The optimum fiber content of Tencel FR/cotton content was 1:1. The optimum conditions of flame retardant treatment were a treatment temperature $130^{\circ}C$ and the concentration of finishing agent and assistance binder (AR4260) was 35% and 1%, respectively.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.6 s.91
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

Study has been made for producing anionic surfactant using waste fleshing scraps from the leather making process through refining, esterification, sulfonation and blending processes. As a most optimum lard oil refining method, refining was carried out for 4 hours under temperature of $120^{\circ}C$ and approximately 200 mbar vacuum, which gave a recovery of more than 80% lard oil. Refined lard oil obtained thus was undergone methlyl-esterification, then sulfonated to make a degreasing agent. By methyl-esterification using lard oil, more than 85% of fatty acid and $12{\sim}13%$ of glycerine were extracted from the oil. Sulfonation of the extracted fatty acid ester lard oil has shown most optimum at $15{\sim}20%$ chlorosulfonic acid content, and the content of bonding sulfate at this time was higher than 3.5%. Finally the followed anionic surfactant having degreasing force of 80% and higher could be made by blending process.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.6 s.91
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• pp.43-48
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• 2006

Electrolytic water(EW), studied in recent decades in the Japan, Russia and United State of America, have shown promise as a method of disinfection whereby low levels of free chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, or hypochlorous acid may be produced in situ in Nacl-containing solution. These methods have shown promise in destruction of microorganisms in medical, dental environment, and in the agriculture and food industry. A recently EW treatment system was evaluated for reducing scouring agent and other surfactants in the washing and scouring process of textile industry Unfortunately, there is, to my knowledge, no serious studies of the properties of EW for textile industry In order to study the characteristics of EW and confirm the possibility of applications in textile industry processes, the pH, surface activity, penetration force, surface tension, and contact angle of EW was measured under various conditions. In general terms, What all this shows is that there is fundamental difference between the properties of EW and that of distilled water.