• 대기
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

This study estimates and evaluates the daily January temperature from 2003 to 2012 with 30 m-resolution over South Korea, using a modified Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (K-PRISM). Several factors in K-PRISM are also adjusted to 30 m grid spacing and daily time scales. The performance of K-PRISM is validated in terms of bias, root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (Corr), and is then compared with that of inverse distance weighting (IDW) and hypsometric methods (HYPS). In estimating the temperature over Jeju island, K-PRISM has the lowest bias (-0.85) and RMSE (1.22), and the highest Corr (0.79) among the three methods. It captures the daily variation of observation, but tends to underestimate due to a high-discrepancy in mean altitudes between the observation stations and grid points of the 30 m topography. The temperature over South Korea derived from K-PRISM represents a detailed spatial pattern of the observed temperature, but generally tends to underestimate with a mean bias of -0.45. In bias terms, the estimation ability of K-PRISM differs between grid points, implying that care should be taken when dealing with poor skill area. The study results demonstrate that K-PRISM can reasonably estimate 30 m-resolution temperature over South Korea, and reflect topographically diverse signals with detailed structure features.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2009년도 공동학술대회
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• pp.449-451
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• 2009

지구온난화에 따른 해수면 상승과 태풍 강도의 증가는 연안역에 밀집한 주거 및 산업공간을 위협하는 요소로 최근 그 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 안전한 해상교통 및 폭풍해일과 파랑예측을 위해서 반드시 필요한 해상풍에 대한 연구이다. 해상풍은 연안역에서의 자연재해를 유발하는 여러 요소 중에서 중요한 연구과제이나, 현재 가상수치모델에 의한 해상풍 및 해면기압은 시 공간적으로 불충분하다. 따라서, 중규모 기상 모형인 Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)을 사용하여 우리나라 주변해역을 모두 포함하며, 약 9km 격자로 매일 두 번씩 72시간을 예보하는 해상풍을 산출하는 시스템을 구축하였다. 이어도 해양과학기지와 황해중부부이에서 실측한 해상풍과 검증한 결과 상당히 유의할 만한 결과를 얻었으며, 자료동화을 이용하여 향후에는 보다 정확한 해상풍을 산출할 계획이다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2011

현재 남한에서는 270m 해상도의 강수분포도가 제작되어 활용되고 있지만, 북한지역에는 강수관측점의 수가 남한에 비하여 매우 적어서 남한과 같은 방법으로 강수분포를 추정하기는 어렵다. 자료가 불충분한 북한지방의 강수추정을 위해 우선 낮은 해상도의 강수기후도를 PRISM을 이용하여 제작하고 격자 내 지형특성을 반영하기 위해 여기에 상대적으로 자료가 풍부한 남한의 '지형-강수 관계'에 근거한 보정값을 더하는 방법을 모색하였다. 남한 지역 270m 해상도의 DEM에서 자동기상관측소와 표준기상관측소 위치의 격자값을 추출하고 이들을 이용하여 AWS+KMA 및 KMA에 해당하는 가상지형을 만든 다음, 둘 간의 편차를 얻었다. 강수량에 대해서도 동일한 작업을 하여 둘 간의 편차를 얻어 경사향별로 고도편차-강수편차 간 회귀식을 도출하였다. 북한 지역의 270m 해상도의 DEM과 27개 기상대 고도 값으로 IDW한 가상지형 간의 편차를 구한 다음, 남한에서 얻은 회귀식을 적용하여 보정값을 계산하였다. 북한지역에 대해 2,430m 해상도로 PRISM모형을 구동하고 보정값을 적용하여 최종강수량을 얻었다. 제작된 강수기후도에 따르면 북한지방의 연간 총 강수량은 지역평균이 1,196mm이며 표준편차는 298mm인 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2014

In this study, the numerical model developed by Hong et al.(2008) was improved to be applied to rapidly varying flows such as the inundation of dry land or flow transitions due to large gradients of the bathymetry. A numerical approximation was applied that was consistent with the conservation of momentum in flow expansions and with the Bernoulli equation in flow contractions. The approximation was second order, but the accuracy reduced to first order near extreme values by the use of a minmod limiter. The modified model was verified by acomparison with the theoretical critical depth of weir, and for sufficiently smooth conditions and a fine grid size, both approximations converged to the same solution. In terms of the grid size, it was more effective at obtaining solutions than the previous model and reproduced the inundation of dry land.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.267-288
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• 2014

We propose and analyze two-scale product approximation for semilinear heat equations in the mixed finite element method. In order to efficiently resolve nonlinear algebraic equations resulting from the mixed method for semilinear parabolic problems, we treat the nonlinear terms using some interpolation operator and exploit a two-scale grid algorithm. With this scheme, the nonlinear problem is reduced to a linear problem on a fine scale mesh without losing overall accuracy of the final system. We derive optimal order $L^{\infty}((0, T];L^2({\Omega}))$-error estimates for the relevant variables. Numerical results are presented to support the theory developed in this paper.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2007

Typhoon simulation based on dynamical forecasting results is demonstrated by utilizing geodesic model GME (operational global numerical weather prediction model of German Weather Service). It is based on uniform icosahedral-hexagonal grid. The GME gridpoint approach avoids the disadvantages of spectral technique as well as the pole problem in latitude-longitude grids and provides a data structure extremely well suited to high efficiency on distributed memory parallel computers. In this study we made an attempt to simulate typhoon 'NARI' that passed over the Korean Peninsula in 2007. GME has attributes of numerical weather prediction model and its high resolution can provide details on fine scale. High resolution of GME can play key role in the study of severe weather phenomenon such as typhoons. Simulation of future typhoon that is assumed to occur under the global warming situation shows that the life time of that typhoon will last for a longer time and the intensity will be extremely stronger.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2007년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1392-1396
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• 2007

The governing equations in generalized curvilinear coordinates for 3D laminar flow are the Incompressible Navier-Stokes (INS) equations with the artificial dissipative terms. and continuity equation discretized using a second-order accurate, finite volume method on the nonstaggered computational grid. This method adopts a dual or pseudo time-stepping Artificial Compressibility (AC) method integrated in pseudo-time. Multigrid methods are also applied because solving the equations on the coarse grids requires much less computational effort per iteration than on the fine grid. The algorithm yields practically identical velocity profiles and secondary flows that are in excellent overall agreement with an experimental measurement (Humphrey et al., 1977).

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.360-369
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• 1997

We calculated the residual current forced by buoyancy, wind stress, and tidal stress in the Chinhae Bay using a three-dimensional diagnostic model. The calculated current was also compared with the observation. The flow directs outward from the central area of the Bay in the upper layer, and also forms eddy-shape stucture in the upper and middle layers. The flow of bottom layer shows an opposite pattern compared to those of top and middle layers. The maximum speed was 6.05 em/see (September) and 3.49 cm/sec (November) in the upper layer, and 4.39 cm/sec on both month in the middle layer. The Kinetic energy of November (8.39xlO' W) was larger than that of September (1.24xlO 'W), mainly resulting from larger buoyancy effect in September. In spite of the roughness of the grid size(1 km) and wind date, the calculated flow shows eorrelation(r=0.71) with the observation. We expect that the correlation be increased by increased by adopting the fine grid and the variable coefficients of diffusion and viscosity.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.1034-1040
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• 1997

A solar cell conversion effiency was degraded by grain boundary effect in polycrystalline silicon. Grain boundaries acted as potential barriers as well as recombination centers for the photo-generated carriers. To reduce these effects of the grain boundaries we investigated various influencing factors such as emitter thickness thermal treatment preferential chemical etching of grain boundaries grid design contact metal and top metallization along boundaries. Pretreatment in $N_2$atmosphere and gettering by POCl$_3$and Al were performed to obtain multicrystalline silicon of the reduced defect density. Structural electrical and optical properties of slar cells were characterized before and after each fabrication process. Improved conversion efficiencies of solar cell were obtained by a combination of pretreatment above 90$0^{\circ}C$ emitter layer of 0.43${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ Al diffusion in to grain boundaries on rear side fine grid finger top Yb metal and buried contact metallization along grain boundaries.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.212-216
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• 2017

두께비 18% 익형(KARI-11-180)에 대한 공력특성 분석이 전산해석기법을 활용해 수행되었다. 익형주위의 격자는 벽면에서 수직으로 투영하여 경계층 격자를 형성하였고 익형 후방에는 정밀한 후류 예측을 위해 조밀한 격자를 위치하였다. 원방경계까지의 거리는 익형 코드의 100배로 정하였고 익형시험결과와의 비교를 위해 자유류 속도, 익형 코드 및 Reynolds수를 풍동시험과 동일하게 정하였다. 또한 난류 모델은 천이지점 예측이 우수한 transition SST 및 DES 모델을 사용하였다. 3차원 전산해석은 세장비가 2와 5인 익형모델에 대해 수행되었는데 양력은 풍동시험결과보다 높은 값을 항력은 낮은 값을 예측하였다.