• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 1996

To demonstrate the clinical usefulness of electroencephalography (EEG) and factors increasing the usefulness of EEG, the authors evaluated each relationship between EEG related factors and clinical variables, and neuroimaging studies (CT and MRI)-related factors, and factors which are related with routine neurological examination for 207 patients who had been evaluated with both of EEG and neuroimaging study(CT or/and MRI). The results were as follows: 1) Abnormality of EEG findings had significant relationships with chief complaints, diagnosis, medication use, seizure attack, pathological reflex, and level of consciousness. However there were no significant correlations between abnormality of EEG findings and neuroimaging studies (CT and MRI)- related factors. 2) Laterality of EEG findings had significant relationships with abnormality, laterality, and focality of CT findings, and also with abnormality of MRI findings. But there were no significant correlations between laterality of EEG findings and clinical variables, and neurological examination-related factors. 3) Anterior-posterior distribution of EEG findings was significantly related with medication use. 4) Focality of EEG findings had significant relationships with sex, sensory dysfunction sign, and cerebellar dysfunction sign. But there were no significant correlations between focality of EEG findings and neuroimaging studies(CT and MRI) related factors. 5) Abnormal EEG pattern had significant correlations with various factors, such as age, chief complaints, duration from onset of symptom to taking MRI, seizure attack, abnormality and nature of lesion in CT findings, cortical atrophy in MRI findings, motor dysfunction sign, sensory dysfunction sign, and pathological reflex. 6) With abnormality on sleep activation, age, age of onset, seizure attack, ventricular enlargement in CT findings, and abnormality of MRI findings were significantly correlated. 7) With abnormality on hyperventilation activation, duration of illness and laterality of MRI findings were significantly correlated. Above results may suggest that abnormality of EEG findings is more closely related with functional change of the brain than structural changes of the brain and laterality of EEG findings is vice versa. And also that medication use has an influence on anterior versus posterior distribution of EEG findings and focality of EEG findings is not related with structural changes of the brain. Activation with sleep may be effective to show age differences and provocation of seizure activity and hyperventilation may be effective to detect the abnormal EEG findings by cerebrovascular insufficiency.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2021

Physical examination and surgical findings and symptoms are often inconsistent with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings when diagnosing chronic ankle lateral ligament instability, and confirmed surgical findings are used as the gold standard in most clinical studies. Anterior drawer testing is considered unreliable because normal findings are highly variable, and its accuracy ranges from 50% to 100%. Furthermore, radiographic stress imaging, such as in anterior drawer stress view, is performed under manual stress or using a stress device, and its findings also vary widely and confuse when interpreting stress views. The average accuracy of MRI findings is around 85% (range, 66%~91.7%), and thus, cannot be used as a primary indicator for surgery. For patients with suspected lateral ankle ligament instability, based on symptoms and physical examination findings, MRI may be useful for identifying lesions in ankle joints and for differentiating them from other conditions.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.32-41
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• 2015

This paper deals with analyzing accreditation findings and the causes for the deficiencies in the review by the EAC(Engineering Accreditation Committee) of ABEEK in 2014. For this purpose Final Statements of the 266 engineering education programs reviewed by the EAC of ABEEK in 2014 were analyzed on the basis of the each criterion. However, Accreditation Criterion 8(Program Criterion) was excluded in the analysis of the causes for the deficiencies since the program-specific requirements within areas of specialization might vary with the program criteria. As results of accreditation review by the EAC of ABEEK, Deficiency findings were 81 cases which made up 3.81% of total findings, Weakness findings were 1,679 which made up 78.91% of total findings, Concern findings were 124 cases which made up 5.83% of total findings, and Satisfaction findings were 244 cases which made up 11.47% of total findings. Deficiency and Weakness findings against which the relevant program must take actions for the improvement were 82.71% in all. The findings on program accreditation are made on the basis of the Accreditation Actions Guide. Accordingly, in view of formal logic in the accreditation review, the accreditation findings should comply with the Accreditation Actions Guide consistently. In this respect, the Deficiency findings in the accreditation review can be justified. So it is useful for a program or an institution which prepares for the accreditation review to check over the causes for the Deficiency against the Accreditation Actions Guide. On the other hand changeover in the accreditation policy of the ABEEK may be necessary. If the quality of the engineering education is improved continuously through the accreditation review, accreditation fulfills its purpose. To gain this end it is important to place higher value on the 'bigger picture' than on the minor details. In other words, "holistic" evaluation of evidence should form the basis of accreditation review.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 1997

Discoid meniscus has been well known to a frequent anomaly of meniscus and much reported in diagnosis and treatment. But, associated X-ray findings have not been known well. We reported its significance of X-ray findings in discoid meniscus. From May 1995 to May 1997, 31 cases of discoid meniscus were compared with 51 cases of nondiseoid meniscus both confirmed by arthroscopy, with simple X-my findings. Both groups were evaluated by X-ray findings in view of lateral joint space widening, peripheral spur of lateral joint space, sclerotic change of lateral tibial plateau, concave lateral tibial plateau, flattening of lateral femoral condyle, hypoplasia of lateral femoral condyle and high riding fibula. The results of analysis were as follows: 1. Widening of lateral joint space, sclerotic change of lateral tibial plateau and cupping of lateral tibial plateau were statistically significant in discoid meniscus. 2. X-ray findings in discoid meniscus were not associated with patient's injury history and symptom duration. 3. Other X-ray findings were not related in discoid meniscus significantly. X-ray findings with patient's history and physical examination arc helpful in the diagnosis of discoid meniscus.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.235-250
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• 1990

Thirty-nine patients (forty-four joints) who had been diagnosed as having meniscus perforation of the temporomandibular joint by inferior joint space arthrography and had been treated by surgical procedures were evaluated retrospectively. Information of clinical findings, arthrotomographic findings and surgical findings was collected on a standardized form and evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. On the 34 patients of 38 joints which were surgically confirmed perforation of meniscus or its attachments of the temporomandibular joint, there were 29 females and 5 males (5.8:1). The average age was 36 years (range 17 to 70). 2. The common clinical findings of group that had meniscus displacement without reduction and with perforation were pain on the affected joint and limitation of mouth opening. In the group showing meniscus displacement with reduction and with perforation the common clinical findings were pain and clicking on the affected joint. 3. 32 joints (84.2%) were arthrotomographically anterior meniscus displacement without reduction and with perforation, 6 joints (15.8%) showed anterior meniscus displacement with reduction and with perforation. 4. Joints categorized arthrotomographically as having meniscus displacement without reduction and with perforation were less likely to have full translation of the condyle in comparison with the normal or meniscus displacement with reduction and with perforation groups. (p<0.05) 5.The arthrographic findings of 44 joints having meniscus perforation were compared with surgical findings, there were 6 false positive findings of meniscus perforation, the reliability of arthrographic findings of meniscus perforation was a 86.4% correlation with surgical findings. 6. On the site of perforations of 38 joints which were surgically confirmed perforation of meniscus or its attachments, twenty-three of perforations (60.5%) were in location at the junction of the meniscus and posterior attachment, forteen (36.9%) were located at the posterior attachment and one (2.6%) was at the meniscus itself.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate protective effects against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection in piglets by administration of the TGEV antiserum orally at 2hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. Five piglets administered with the TGEV antiserum were experimentally challenged with TGEV at four-day-old. Control group was four piglets challenged with TGEV only. Clinical signs and gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were examined. In clinical signs, piglets of the control group appeared the typical signs such as severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group recovered progressively. In clinical signs, piglets of the control group appeared the typical signs such as severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group recovered progressively. In mortality, control group showed 75%, but TGEV antiserum adminstered group showed 20.0 %, respectively. In gross findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of congestion, distension of lumen, contaning curdes of undigested milk in stomach. But gross findings of piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group appeared milder than them of control group. In histopathological findings, piglets of the control group appeared the typical findings of villous atrophy and fusion, congesion, exfoliation, vacuolation, squamation, loss of cilia and proliferation of crypt. But histopathological findings of piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group appeared milder than them of control group. In immunohistochemical findings, piglets of the TGEV antiserum adminstered group showed more intensive in reaction for IgA and IgG than them of control group. The recation for IgA was stronger than that of IgG. It was concluded that oral administration of TGEV antiserum to piglets was effective to prevent TGEV infection and reduce their mortality.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.28-44
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• 2017

This paper deals with analyzing accreditation findings and the causes for the Weakness in the review by the EAC(Engineering Accreditation Committee) of ABEEK in 2015. As results of accreditation review by the EAC and CAC of ABEEK, Weakness findings were 697 cases which made up 56.94% of total findings. Deficiency and Weakness are considered to have been resolved only when the correction or revision has been implemented. The criterion which has the most Weakness findings in the 2015 accreditation review was the criterion 3 Curriculum. By the way the variety and quantity of the Weakness findings are so huge that the analysis of the causes for Weakness findings is focused on the Criterion 3 Curriculum. The findings on program accreditation are made on the basis of the Accreditation Actions Guide. Accordingly in view of formal logic in the accreditation review, the accreditation findings should comply with the Accreditation Actions Guide consistently. In this respect, the Weakness findings in the accreditation review can not be justified. On the other hand changeover in the accreditation policy of the ABEEK may be necessary. If the quality of the engineering education is improved continuously through the accreditation review, accreditation fulfills its purpose.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2020

Background Preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the abdominal wall vessels is used when planning free flap breast reconstruction (FFBR) because it provides a surgical road map which facilitates flap harvest. However, there are few reports on the effect of abnormal findings on the operative plan. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of all FFBRs performed at a tertiary referral center over a 6-year period (November 2011 to June 2017). One consultant radiologist reported on the findings. Details on patient demographics, CTA reports, and intraoperative details were collected. Results Two hundred patients received preoperative CTAs. Fourteen percent of patients (n=28) had abnormal findings. Of these findings, 18% were vascular anomalies; 36% tumorrelated and 46% were "miscellaneous." In four patients, findings subsequently prevented surgery; they comprised a mesenteric artery aneurysm, absent deep inferior epigastric (DIE) vessels, bilateral occluded DIE arteries, and significant bone metastases. Another patient had no suitable vessels for a free flap and the surgical plan converted to a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. The remaining incidental findings had no impact on the surgical plan or appropriateness of FFBR. More than one in 10 of those with abnormal findings went on to have further imaging before their operation. Conclusions CTA in FFBR can have a wider impact than facilitating surgical planning and reducing operative times. Incidental findings can influence the surgical plan, and in some instances, avoid doomed-to-fail and unsafe surgery. It is therefore important that these scans are reported by an experienced radiologist.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.321-327
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• 1999

This study was performed to examine the clinical, serological, ultrasonographic and pathological findings in dogs with acute liver disease induced by tetrachlorethylene at 4 times of anthelminthic oral dose. The results obtained through this experiment could be summarized as follows: 1. The dogs administered with tetrachlorethylene, revealed decreased body weight, and showed lethargy and depression. 2. In serological findings, bilirubin values slightly increased, AST and ALT was decreased at 1∼3 days, and after that time increased according to the lapse of days, and revealed the highest at 5 days, and decreased to normal values at 6 days. 3. In ultrasonographic findings, branches of the portal vein were increased, the echodensity of the liver parenchyma was decreased at early stage, and increased at mid stage, and decreased at last stage. 4. In histopathological findings, necrosis of parenchymal cell, and perivascular hemorrhage were observed more severely at 6 days, as compared with 3 days. There results suggest that ultrasonographic examination is considered to be a more simple, rapid, non-invasive and useful diagnostic method for acute liver parenchymal lesion.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.554-561
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• 2005

The clinical and radiographic findings of lung cancer have been well established many journals. Even if the radiographic findings of lung cancer show a typical pattern, the specific cell type of lung cancer sometimes needs to be determined prior to a pathological diagnosis. For example, the usual finding of a squamous cell carcinoma is similar to other cancer types such as an adenocarcinoma or a small cell carcinoma but with a lower incidence. Therefore, it should not be used to make a diagnosis of the cell type prior to a pathological diagnosis. Many unusual findings of lung cancer, so called atypical pattern have been reported, but atypical findings are widely accepted. The more important thing is not to diagnose a specific cell type of cancer but to differentiate it from other benign conditions such as tuberculosis, fungal infections or organizing pneumonia. This paper presents typical information of the cell type of lung cancer along with the atypical radiographic findings.