• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2019

The rapidly growing global population increases the awareness of water, energy, and food security worldwide. The concept of Water, Energy, and Food nexus (hereafter, WEF nexus) has been widely introduced as a new resources management concept that integrate the water, energy, and food in a single management framework. Recently, WEF nexus analyzes not only the interconnections among the resources, but also considers the external factors (such as environment, climate change, policy, finance, etc) to enhance the resources sustainability by proper understanding of their relations. A nation-level resources management is quite complex task since multiple regions (e.g., watersheds, cities, and counties) with different characteristics are spatially interconnected and transfer the resources each other. This study proposes a multiple region WEF nexus simulation and transfer model. The model is equipped with three simulation modules, such as local nexus simulation module, regional resources transfer module, and optimal investment planning module. The model intends to determine an optimal capital investment plan (CIP), such as build-up of power plants, water/waste water treatment plants, farmland development and to determine W-E-F import/export decisions among areas. The objective is to maximize overall resources sustainability while minimize financial cost. For demonstration, the proposed model is applied to a semi-hypothetical study area with three different characterized cities. It is expected the model can be used as a decision support tool for a long-term resources management planning process.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.35-54
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• 2020

Purpose - It seems common sense that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a key driver of business sustainability. Nevertheless, there has been little research on the performance of socially responsible activities, including economic and environmentally responsibility activities, in internationally diversified firms. Design/methodology - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of CSR activities on management performance. For this evaluation, an empirical analysis was conducted with total of 2,520 cases, selected from companies listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index market for six years from 2013 to 2018. As proxies for management performance, financial data such as a total asset net profit ratio and a total asset operating ratio were used. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to test hypotheses. Findings - The results of this analysis indicated that firms in the CSR outstanding group were ranked significantly higher than other groups in management performance. In addition, CSR activities of internationally diversified firms positively influenced the total asset net profit ratio and total asset operating ratio. Originality/value - The results suggest that the CSR activities of these firms can play a significant role in enhancing management performance in the economic status of Korea, where the degree of export dependency is high.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.497-502
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the determinants of default risk of rural banks in East Java, Indonesia. The method used is descriptive verification and logistic regression analysis. The data used is secondary in the form of monthly annual financial reports of rural banks in East Java during the period 2009-2018. From the results, it was shown that net interest margin (NIM) as a proxy of market risk, non-performing loan (NPL) as a proxy of credit risk, operation efficiency as a proxy of operational risk and return on assets (ROA) as a proxy of profitability have a significant influence on default risk. Meanwhile, the loan to deposit (LDR) ratio as a proxy of liquidity risk has no significant influence on default risk. Banks need to implement risk management and meet the capital adequacy requirements of regulators so that they are resistant to risk, and also, compliant with bank governance to be able to produce high returns for rural banks have an impact on sustainability and its existence. The ability to identify setbacks in bank conditions and the ability to distinguish between healthy and problematic banks will enable to anticipate default banks.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.79-92
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• 2012

The purpose of this study are to examine the difference between the recognition and the satisfaction of CRM marketing's order of priority based on consumers type, and to define how both employees' recognition of priority and the performance influence on industry's financial and non-financial effect. As a result, a subjected industry turned out that the recognition of priority and satisfaction based on consumers type were different from each other, and employees' recognition of CRM marketing's of priority was different but it showed the both party's priority were same. The compared result between consumers' satisfaction and employees' recognition of performance is that employee's evaluation is overrated in proportion to consumers' satisfaction. Furthermore, among CRM marketing's priority, differentiating and sustainability of customers influenced on financial and non-financial appraisal but customers satisfaction did not.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

Among the government-sponsored projects supported by Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS), the financial support of the Consulting Research Institutes of our university is scheduled to be ended this year. In this regard, this study is to develop a profit model for R&D center of Consulting Research Institute that can cultivate the financial independence of R&D center of Consulting Research Institutes and foster technology convergence consulting manpower to strengthen the competitiveness of SMEs in preparation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The profit model were derived from the current status of consulting industry and similar organizations, the current status of consulting graduate R&D centers, case studies of other universities, and focus group interviews. In order to select three high profit models and commercialize them, BMC (Biz Model Canvas) was used and business feasibility was examined. Therefore, three profit model of R&D center of Consulting Research Institute are: First, SCB (SME's Consulting Business: Total Solution Provider for SMEs through Technology Convergence Consulting), Second, SNB (SME's Network Business: Experts connection in Consulting Graduate School for Solving Problems and Problems of SMEs / Industry Consolidation) And third, SM (Sustainable Management: Financial independence through structural improvement of Consulting Research Institute), and the road-map was established. As an implementation plan, the company intends to seek financial independence by developing a profit model for R&D center of Consulting Research Institutes and by establishing business goals and strategies, manpower operation plan, organization, and investment plan for three years.

• 지역과문화
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.23-42
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• 2021

This article examines the legal measures to establish the financial independence of the Local Cultural Centers(LCCs) by the revision of Promotion of Local Cultural Centers Act(PLCC Act) to allow profit-making activities of LCCs. For the past 70 years, LCCs have been the core of local culture, but they have not been financially independent and have survived through government subsudues and support funds. Its weak financial structure that depends on the subsidies makes it difficult to carry out the essential business and threatens sustainability. Legally, LCCs are special corporations which established in accordance with the PLCC Act, and their legal status and functions are stipulated in accordance with the laws governing their establishment. The current PLCC Act does not stipulate that the LCC may conduct profit-making business other than the essential business. However, compare to the other special corporations which established by their own legislatives, it is understood that the PLCC Act can also provide regulations related to the profit business of LCCs. This article presents legal drafts for PLCC Act and suggests other necessary discussions for financial independence of LCCs.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.149-182
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• 2001

Due to the sustained increase in lifts expectancy, the number and proportion of the aged population has substantially increased, the proportion of the total population aged 65 and over was 7.1% in 2000 and 14.3% in 2022. But All public pension schemes in Korea, including the National Pension scheme, civil servants pension scheme, private school teachers pension scheme and the military pension scheme, are facing valving degree of financial problems at present because of their weak and unstable financial bases. with the result that some of them have recorded deficits for some time and the others are expected to run deficits in the near future. This crisis in financial sustainability in public pension schemes is attributable to the structural weakness of the schemes which can be characterized as high benefits, low contribution. Therefore, this article focuses on alternative of public pension schemes reform in Korea. The results is as follows. First, a basic pension is proposed to be newly established and the earnings related portion of National Pension Scheme will be as national pension. Secondly, the Basic Pension is a universal basic pension covering all nationals over 18 years and older, thereby achieving \"one pension for everybody\" Thirdly, National Pension will be operated as an earnings related pension covering only those participants with assessed income. Fourth1y, the current participants of public occupational pensions will also join the Basic Pension as well as the public occupational pensions whose scope of works will be reduced. And finally, The conversion of Retirement Allocation Scheme into a corporate pension should be left to the discretion of the company concerned.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.747-753
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• 2020

This study aims to interpret the meaning of a successful entrepreneur from the perspective of women entrepreneurs in Malang, Indonesia. This research offers a phenomenological approach using purposive sampling. Data was collected by in-depth interviews using structured questionnaire with registered women entrepreneurs in Malang obtained from MSMEs (micro small and medium-sized enterprises) entrepreneurs. The 'continually developing' is one of the meanings of a successful entrepreneur. This study also found that success is when what women do can be useful to others. Besides, the meaning of success has two criteria, i.e., when they can meet their needs (individual satisfaction) and social performance as a goal to be achieved by entrepreneurs. The motivation of women entrepreneurs to establish their venture was not only financial returns, but also personal satisfaction, which was also the indicator of entrepreneurial success for women. This study has several limitations. First, our sample size is too small and consists of entrepreneurs that have an average age above 40 years. Hopefully, further research will be able to generalize our findings to a broader sample in various industries outside the city of Malang. As our research shows, the criteria and meaning of success may be different for a larger sample of entrepreneurs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.199-216
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• 2011

Most of the studies based on the outcome of business ethics were mainly focused on financial and non-financial results, CEO's business ethics and practical willingness as a preceding variable for business ethics and its success. This study regards business innovation on corporate sustainability and social responsibilities. There fore, this study will prove the result of activities based on business innovation and its activities, for participation of members is of importance. Therefore, this study proved the hypothesis that a worker's ethical conciousness is important in the result of business ethics, and that it also effects the result of business ethics for practice and innovative intentions for a moderating effect. This study emphasizes on ethical consciousness related to business ethics and consensus related to business ethics due to members' ethical consciousness influenced by organization's business ethics and perception. There ought to be an implication for this study. Also, as a result variable, the job satisfaction of coworkers is affected by conscious business ethics, but not affected in the innovative intentions. In addition, it is shown that the consciousness of business ethics is a controllable variable, for it affects job satisfaction concerning coworkers, but does not affect general job satisfactions.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.447-462
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• 2021

In insurance, the surrender rate is an important variable that threatens the sustainability of insurers and determines the profitability of the contract. Unlike other actuarial assumptions that determine the cash flow of an insurance contract, however, it is characterized by endogenous variables such as people's economic, social, and subjective decisions. Therefore, a microscopic approach is required to identify and analyze the factors that determine the lapse rate. Specifically, micro-level characteristics including the individual, demographic, microeconomic, and household characteristics of policyholders are necessary for the analysis. In this study, we select panel survey data of Korean Retirement Income Study (KReIS) with many diverse dimensions to determine which variables have a decisive effect on the lapse and apply the lasso regularized regression model to analyze it empirically. As the data contain many missing values, they are imputed using the random forest method. Among the household variables, we find that the non-existence of old dependents, the existence of young dependents, and employed family members increase the surrender rate. Among the individual variables, divorce, non-urban residential areas, apartment type of housing, non-ownership of homes, and bad relationship with siblings increase the lapse rate. Finally, among the financial variables, low income, low expenditure, the existence of children that incur child care expenditure, not expecting to bequest from spouse, not holding public health insurance, and expecting to benefit from a retirement pension increase the lapse rate. Some of these findings are consistent with those in the literature.