• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.501-512
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study, which was guided by the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation, was twofold: (a) to explore family and parental adaptation and factors influencing family adaptation in Korean families of children with Down syndrome (DS) through a quantitative methodology and (b) to understand the life with a Korean child with DS through a qualitative method. Methods: A mixed-methods design was adopted. A total of 147 parents of children with DS completed a package of questionnaires, and 19 parents participated in the in-depth interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression and content analysis respectively. Results: According to the quantitative data, the overall family adaptation scores indicated average family functioning. Financial status was an important variable in understanding both family and parental adaptation. Family adaptation was best explained by family problem solving and coping communication, condition management ability, and family hardiness. Family strains and family hardiness were the family factors with the most influence on parental adaption. Qualitative data analysis showed that family life with a child with DS encompassed both positive and negative aspects and was expressed with 5 themes, 10 categories, and 16 sub-categories. Conclusion: Results of this study expand our limited knowledge and understanding concerning families of children with DS in Korea and can be used to develop effective interventions to improve the adaptation of family as a unit as well as parental adaptation.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2003

This study investigates the school resources and programs for health promotion services, especially in areas of smoking cessation and acohol-reducing. The health of students is very important because of students' long life-span remained and their impacts on the community. A three-stage survey model was established. Three stages include a current status of school health resources and programs, an attitude to get rid of health risks at school, and a behavioral intention to provide health promotion programs in the near future. Three hundred and thirty-six schools filled up and returned the questionnaire by mail. The results showed that the facility and personnel for health management are equipped sufficiently in general, except in rural area located, small sized, or middle schools. But provided programs are not good enough in both quantity and quality. Frequently, schools provide the programs such as advertisement, mass education by internal lecturers, and individual. counselling. The programs of special lectures, group activities or rather active use of suppresants are provided rarely, because of the lack of special knowledge or financial supports at school. However, behavioral intention to provide such programs was high. Therefore, the role of health department at school should be fortified. The health teachers need to be trained as a consultant, and the education materials need to be provided to them The school also need to be supported with external experts for special lectures or group activities. In conclusion, schools need to pay more attention to the health risk of students and develop the effective and efficient school health programs for students' health.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.151-154
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• 2021

State information policy is an important component of foreign and domestic policy of the country and covers all spheres of society. The rapid development of the information sphere is accompanied by the emergence of fundamentally new threats to the interests of the individual, society, state and its national security. The article considers the components of the state information policy to ensure information security of the country and identifies the main activities of public authorities in this area. Internal and external information threats to the national security of Ukraine and ways to guarantee the information security of the country are analyzed. Information security is seen as a component of national security, as well as a global problem of information protection, information space, information sovereignty of the country and information support of government decisions. Approaches to ensure the process of continuity of the information security system of the state in order to monitor new threats, identify risks and levels of their intensity are proposed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2022

Analyzing the psychological and pedagogical literature, we showed the interest of researchers in the problem posed. The concept of competence is considered, which is interpreted as giving the key to solving a wide range of educational and life tasks. Research competence implies the ability to cooperate, enter into contacts, readiness for changes, for self-determination and is an integral quality of the individual, expressed in the readiness and ability to independently search for solutions to new problems and creative transformation of reality based on a set of personal and meaningful knowledge, skills, methods of activity and value attitudes.The article offers conditions that certify the improvement of forms and methods of training students in the formation of research competence of future specialists. The use of innovative technologies contributes to improving the level of training of future specialists: students are better prepared for classes, take an active part in the assimilation of program material in laboratory classes. It is noted that this creates a subject-subject relationship between the student and the teacher, and changes the attitude of students to classes. In the process of such organization of educational activities, students are convinced of the need for knowledge and its effectiveness, learn to compare, generalize, classify, establish cause-and-effect relationships, express opinions, defend their point of view, they ensure success in their studies, and develop research competence. It is proved that in order to apply the latest technologies, the teacher himself must know them well, that is, constantly improve himself, master new methods, techniques, ideas, which will help him create new pedagogical technologies and implement them in the educational process.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12spc호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2021

An article is devoted to developing the concept of inter-territorial collaboration in the context of strengthening its economic security. This concept is based on the study of international experience and successful OTG functioning in Ukraine. The idea includes directions, forms, tools, procedures, and financial sources for joint projects that strengthen territorial associations' economic security. The research consists of assessing the state of economic development of territorial communities and forms of their cooperation with other territorial communities. Analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction are the main methods of scientific knowledge used to summarize statistical information, normative and legal support, and global experience of cooperation of territorial communities. The study results include the main areas of cooperation of territorial communities in Ukraine, including long-term collaboration. The study also contains successful examples of collaboration between different territorial communities, applying practical aspects and tools to form effective interaction. The main points of discussion concern various forms of interaction between territorial communities, which allow achieving the economic goal more quickly and effectively.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.130-151
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• 2012

Fraunhofer was founded in 1949 and grew into Europe's largest application-oriented research organization. Fraunhofer currently employs over 20,000 members in Germany, is internationally networked, and manages an R&D budget of over 1,8 Billion Euros per year. An important step for Fraunhofer to become an integral component of the German innovation system was the introduction of the Fraunhofer Model of financing based on a performance-related system of financial management. The underlying model of the allocation and distribution of public funding to Fraunhofer that is subsequently allotted to specific research groups is one of the success factors of Fraunhofer. Fraunhofer is proud of its decentralized organizational model. Fraunhofer is comprised of 60 Institutes in Germany working in different fields, under one legal framework, and with a strong brand value. Every Fraunhofer Institute is affiliated with a German University and every institute director simultaneously holds a chair at the affiliated university. It is a challenge for the headquarter organization to balance the intended competition of individual Fraunhofer Institutes with complementarity cooperation in science among Fraunhofer-Institutes, especially when coming from different knowledge domains; however, this goal results in a significant advantage. The unique strengths of Fraunhofer offer system solutions in a world with increasingly complex R&D challenges. While growing to become the largest organization on Europe to focus on applied research it is the challenge to remain an agile organization that is flexible in organizational structure. Fraunhofer has reached a well-recognized position in the European innovation landscape. It is often referred to by science and governments as a role model for innovation policy and a key element of the latest successes in the German economy that has recovered quicker from the latest economic crisis than most other western economies. The paper explains Fraunhofer as an organizational paradigm and its underlying management model to elaborate on the challenges of managing a research organization. We wish to show how it is possible to transfer the management model and philosophy of Fraunhofer to innovation systems with different framework conditions and challenges. A universal conclusion may be drawn based on the description of Fraunhofer; however, changes in existing structures and innovation systems cannot be implemented over night.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

Purpose - The study investigates the obstacles faced by small business owners (SBOs) in accessing finance in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The study aims to identify the causes of inaccessibility to finance for SBOs, investigate the role of government agencies in supporting SBOs, assess the extent to which banks support SMMEs, and suggest solutions to ease the challenge of inaccessibility of finance. Research design, data, methodology -We used a triangulation research design, wherein SMME owners and managers in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality were the target population. We used simple random sampling techniques to select respondents, and conducted in-depth interviews to collect qualitative data. Results - We analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and factor analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. The study identifies and discusses the obstacles in accessing finance; the main among which are the lack of collateral security, poor business plans, lack of knowledge, and lack of financial deposit. Conclusions -We urge the banks, government, and government agencies to support the SMME sector, for it remains the economic engine of many African countries and helps in reducing the impact of socio-economic challenges, like unemployment and poverty.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.79-99
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• 2015

부도 예측은 회계와 재무 분야에서 꾸준히 연구되고 있는 분야이다. 초기에는 주로 다중판별분석(multiple discriminant analysis)와 로짓 분석(logit analysis)과 같은 통계적 방법을 이용하였으나, 1990년대 이후에는 경영 분야의 분류 문제를 위해 많은 연구자들이 인공신경망(back-propagation neural network), 사계기반추론(case-based reasoning), 서포트 벡터 머신(support vector machine) 등과 같은 인공지능을 통한 접근법을 이용하여 통계적 방법보다 분류 성과 측면에서 우수함을 입증해왔다. 기존의 기업의 부도에 관한 연구에서 많은 연구자들이 재무비율을 이용하여 부도 예측 모형을 구축하는 것에 초점을 맞추어왔다. 부도예측에 관한 연구가 꾸준히 진행되고 있는 반면, 부도의 세부적인 유형을 예측하여 제시하는 것에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수익성, 안정성, 활동성 지표를 중심으로 국내 비외감 건설업 기업들의 부도 여부뿐만 아니라 부도의 세부적인 유형까지 예측 가능한 모형을 개발하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 부도 유형을 예측하기 위해 두 개의 인공신경망 모형을 결합한 하이브리드 접근법을 제안하였다. 첫 번째 인공신경망 모형은 부도예측을 위한 역전파 인공신경망을 이용한 모형이며, 두 번째 인공신경망 모형은 부도 데이터를 몇 개의 유형으로 분류하는 자기조직화지도(self-organizing map)을 이용한 모형이다. 실험 결과를 통해 정의된 5개의 부도 유형인 심각한 부도(severe bankruptcy), 안정성 부족(lack of stability), 활동성 부족(lack of activity), 수익성 부족(lack of profitability), 회생 가능한 부도(recoverable bankruptcy)는 재무 비율에 따라 유형별로 상이한 특성을 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 신용 평가 분야의 연구자와 실무자들이 기업의 부도의 유형에 대한 유용한 정보를 얻을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2007

Internet websites are excellent resources for younger people to gain information related to breastfeeding. So in this study, we evaluated the breastfeeding knowledge of university students, as well as the currently available website information on breastfeeding. Among the criteria, the six most important evaluation categories for the breastfeeding information on websites were selected and identified. The study participants completed the modified Williams and Hammer's tool, in order to evaluate their breastfeeding knowledge. An additional tool took into consideration the website breastfeeding information criteria, to evaluate the Korean websites. This 34 item tool was categorized into milk supply, comfort during breastfeeding, health of the baby and mother, social support, presentation of message, and products or financial motivation. Thirty-seven websites related to breastfeeding were evaluated, and the results were then discussed by nursing students. The students in this study were not knowledgeable on breastfeeding management with regard to the expression and storage of breast milk, the prevention and care of sore nipples, or use of breastfeeding aids. The breastfeeding information found on the Korean websites received positive evaluations for milk supply, comfort during breastfeeding, and health of the baby and mother. However, the educational content on social support, the message presentation, and the product areas on websites were rare or required additional information from breastfeeding specialists. In conclusion, based on our empirical survey, we need to design websites and evaluation tools for accurate website information regarding the social and economic benefits of breastfeeding, so that Korean women are better motivated to breastfeed by the information they obtain through the Internet.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to measure nurses' perception of job stress and job satisfaction, and to clarify the factors influential to their job satisfaction. Methods: Participants were 169 nurses working at a general hospital. Data were collected with self-administrated questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS/PC WIN 15.0. Results: Subjects perceived that job stress was higher than 'middle (3)', job satisfaction was lower than 'middle (3)', and job-related stress detrimental to job satisfaction. Influential factors for job satisfaction in a 2008 survey were duty-related stress, working conditions, and knowledge/skill-related stress. Duty-related stress and working conditions were cited as influential in a 2009 survey. The explained power for job satisfaction job was 32.5% in 2008 and 21.1% in 2009. Conclusions: Higher job-related stress detracts from job satisfaction. Hospital/nursing managers need to develop strategies that could improve the personal relationship between nurses and doctors, and provide administrative support to nurses. Provision of a financial personnel management plan could alleviate future nursing shortage triggered by job dissatisfaction.