• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.519-531
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the aspects and characteristics of educational innovation planned and implemented at the university site targeting universities in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam, and to explore their limitations and tasks. For this purpose, we analyzed the contents of innovation strategy programs among the plans of 17 universities in the national innovation support projects in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam area. First, the university innovation strategy was divided into input, process, infrastructure, and other factors, and among them, the process factor was divided into education, research, and industry-university cooperation to examine the aspects and characteristics of innovation. As a result of the study, the aspects of university innovation at universities in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam were analyzed in the areas of education, research, and industry-academia cooperation. Characteristics of innovation were emphasis on convergence education, competency development, smart system foundation, introduction of innovative teaching and learning techniques, consumer-centeredness, and regional linkage. The limitations and tasks of university innovation revealed through the research are as follows. First, a specialized university innovation business structure should be prepared in consideration of the context of local universities. Second, established strategies with high innovativeness must be implemented and sustained, and consensus among members is required for this. Third, the innovation of universities should not mean the centralization of academics, and the role and efforts of universities as a research institutions should be improved. Fourth, it should not be overlooked that more important than the visible innovation strategy of university innovation is the education innovation that occurs directly to students as a result of the education effect.

• CRM연구
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

The consumer's expectation of companies' social responsibilities has been continuously getting higher as the consumerism has been matured. So, the company has faced the shift to move forward to the positive social activity such as charity, donation, and sponsorship. In addition, the company which does make a success needs to reach goals not only to maximize profits but also to make justices of social and cultural boundaries. Thus, success of an enterprise aims at the maximization of profits as the economic objective and the creation of competitive, powerful brands. Accordingly, as enterprises consider social responsibility as the concept of effective investment to enhance the asset value of corporation, they seek to extend their brands in order to pursue cause-related marketing, which accomplishes and complements two objectives each other the performance of social responsibility and the pursuit of powerful brand assets. In Korea, there are traditional ritual ceremonies such as ceremonies of coming-of-age, marriage, funeral, and ancestor worship and they consider those ceremony occasions as very important. Moreover, social positional grade of rank like the two upper classes of old Korea made people pretend to be noble and sensitive to other people around themselves. This old custom could influence Korean people's way of life, especially, consumer-action. This deep rooted custom also could influence consumption life considerably. Through this study, we can understand the consumer behaviors of Korean who consider ritual ceremonies and saving face as essential and are influenced by this culture. on another hand, we intend to check the effects on buying luxury brands.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.385-396
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the recognition of citizens in Busan on the doctor-designation system, the awareness of medical consumers with experience of using this system and their satisfaction in an effort to seek ways of improving this system. The subjects in this study were the selected citizens in Busan who were at the age of 20 and up. As a result, it's found that the largest group of the respondents was female, in their 20s, received college or higher education, students and in the service industry, and that the most common monthly mean income was between two and 2.99 million won. 27.7 percent were aware of the doctor-designation system, and 23.7 percent became cognizant of the system through others who had used it. The rate of knowing the rules of the doctor-designation system (the right answer) stood at 66.3 percent. They got to know about the system through mass media(31.9%), and used it since it offered highly specialized treatment(57.5%). The respondents who had used it intended to reuse it(76.3%), and the reason was that they were provided with high-class medical services (35.2%). The respondents who had used this system got a mean of 2.96 in satisfaction level, which was not high in general. They mentioned more publicity efforts(91.2%), offering information in a conspicuous place (96.7%) and cutting doctor-designation treatment fee as a means of improving this system. As for how to ensure the operating efficiency of the system, sustained publicity seem to be necessary to raise awareness of the system among patients, and it's required to take measures to relieve patients of financial burden caused by medical bills.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Purpose - The distribution of agricultural products is changing due to recent shifts in environmental free trade. Specifically, the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products has weakened as a result of the Korea-China Financial Trade Agreement. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties and organized production centers are growing in importance daily. To overcome this crisis, agricultural producer organizations are vying for environment-friendly agricultural certifications, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). In particular, as consumer demand for higher safety grows, farmers are increasing their certification rates. Therefore, this certification system is expected to help strengthen the competitiveness of agricultural producer organizations. Research design/data/methodology - Organized production centers are classified by certification. A survey was conducted with 91 organizations using factor analysis and logistic regression analysis for the examination. The factor analysis results are as follows. Raw material procurement, education·specialization, marketing, joint business, organizing ability, business management, effectiveness, certification, and larger organizations were classified as the nine types of factors. These factors affect the organized production centers and are used in the logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest a direction for future production center policies. Results - The basic statistical results are as follows: analysis of the producer organizations of 91 sites, average number of members per site of 1,624, and average sales of 25,961 million won. Additionally, the average income per farmer is 175 million won, and the pooling system rate is 53.5%. The factor analysis results are as follows. Factor 1 consists of contract cultivation, ongoing shipment, selection subdivision, traceability, and major retailer management. Factor 2 consists of manual cultivation, specialty selection, education program, and R&D. Factor 3 consists of advertising, various dealers, various sales strategies, and a unified sales counter. Factor 4 consists of agricultural materials co-purchase, policy support, co-shipment, and incentives. Factor 5 consists of the co-selection and pooling system. Factor 6 consists of co-branding and operating by the organization's article. Factor 7 consists of the buy-sell ratio and rate of operation of the agriculture promotion center. Factor 8 consists of bargaining power in volume and participation rate of farmer certification. Factor 9 consists of increasing new subscribers. The logistic regression analysis results are as follows. Considering the results by type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification type and the GAP certification type have a (+) influence. GAP and HACCP certification types affecting the education·specialization factor have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification types on the effectiveness factor have (-) influence; the HACCP certification types on the organizing ability and effectiveness factor have a (-) influence. Conclusions - Agricultural producer organizations should develop plans as follows: The organizations need to secure education for agricultural production; increase the pooling system ratio for sustainable organizational development; and, finally, expand the number of agricultural producer organizations.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.573-588
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• 2018

This study analyzed per capita consumption expenditure by the consumption quintile of Middle and Older Elderly Households and the variables that affected it. Sample of 2,983 households was collected from the 6th KLoSA in 2016. First, when comparing the HH's living expenses by the number of family members, two persons to a person ratio, more than six persons to a person ratio were 2.007 and 4.148, respectively. The ratio increased as the number of family member increased; however, the rate of ratio increase decreased. Second, the per capita living expenses for the first and fifth quintile were 5.11 million won and 16.93 million won at the per capita living expenses that applied the OECD's equivalence scale to the HH's living expenses. The per capita living expenses for the fifth quintile was 3.31 times higher than in the first quintile. Third, among the variables influencing per capita living expenses by the consumption quintile, the marital status was the significant for all consumption quintiles; however, HH's income, HH's total asset, HH's financial asset, pension, subjective perception of the economy class, home ownership, residence (metropolitan or small city), education (elementary school), participation groups were significant in some quintiles among all quintiles. Fourth, of the significant variables influencing per capita living expenses, the most influential variables were first quintile followed by second quintile, third quintile, fourth quintile, marital status, HH's income, home ownership, HH's total asset, participation groups, residence (metropolitan), subjective perception of the economy class, in order.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.19-39
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the main characteristics regarding of implicating competence-based curriculum in Finland's home economics curriculum by analyzing curriculum documents and related literature. The research findings are categorized into four main characteristics. First, home economics in Finland belongs to the 7-9 grades. The key content areas are composed of 'food knowledge & skills and food culture', 'housing & living together' and 'consumer & financial skills' at an integrated approach. Secondly, the subject competences of home economics are not presented; however, the general objectives of transversal competences are defined in Finland's curriculum document. Transversal competences describe the aspects of the objectives that are emphasized in grades 7-9 and strengthens the connectivity with each subject. Thirdly, the objectives of home economics included in the instructions in Finland consist of a content system that links learning skills, content areas, and transversal competences. Both learning skills as a role of subject competences and content areas as objectives support teachers who restructure an curriculum. Fourth, in terms of achieving subject objectives, the assessment criteria in Finland home economics is to evaluate the achievement of good knowledge and skills through actual performance. Based on the research findings, the main features of the revised curriculum in Finland include encouragement of flexibility in education systems and learner's uniqueness in schools. If the implementation of subject competences in home economics is to be strengthened, it is necessary to intergrate the knowledge and competence, require a curriculum system for implements' subject competence, carryout assessment as learning to learn, and facilitate school community and teacher community for deeper co-operation.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2010

For us, there is virtually no distinction between being a responsible citizen and a successful business... they are one and the same for Wal-Mart today." ~ Lee Scott, al-Mart CEO after the 2005 Katrina disaster; cited in Green to Gold (Esty and Winston 2006). Lee Scott's statement signaled a new era in sustainability as manufacturers and retailers around the globe watched the world's largest mass merchandiser confirm its intentions with respect to sustainability. For decades, the environmental movement has grown, slowly bleeding over into the corporate world. Companies have been born, products have been created, academic journals have been launched, and government initiatives have been undertaken - all in the pursuit of sustainability (Peattie and Crane 2005). While progress has been admittedly slower than some may desire, the emergence and entrance of environmentally concerned mass merchandisers has done much to help with sustainable efforts. To better understand this movement, we incorporate the perspectives of both executives and consumers involved in the consumer packaged goods (CPG) industry. This research relies on three underlying themes: (1) Conceptual and anecdotal evidence suggests that companies undertake sustainability initiatives for a plethora of reasons, (2) The number of sustainability initiatives continues to increase in the consumer packaged goods industries, and (3) That it is, therefore, necessary to explore the role that sustainability plays in the minds of consumers. In light of these themes, surveys were administered to and completed by 143 college students and 101 business executives to assess a number of variables in regards to sustainability including willingness-to-pay, behavioral intentions, attitudes, willingness-to-pay, and preferences. Survey results indicate that the top three reasons why executives believe sustainability to be important include (1) the opportunity for profitability, (2) the fulfillment of an obligation to the environment, and (3) a responsibility to customers and shareholders. College students identified the top three reasons as (1) a responsibility to the environment, (2) an indebtedness to future generations, and (3) an effective management of resources. While the rationale for supporting sustainability efforts differed between college students and executives, the executives and consumers reported similar responses for the majority of the remaining sustainability issues. Furthermore, when we asked consumers to assess the importance of six key issues (healthcare, economy, education, crime, government spending, and environment) previously identified as important to consumers by Gallup Poll, protecting the environment only ranked fourth out of the six (Carlson 2005). While all six of these issues were identified as important, the top three that emerged as most important were (1) improvements in education, (2) the economy, and (3) health care. As the pursuit and incorporation of sustainability continues to evolve, so too will the expected outcomes. New definitions of performance that reflect the social/business benefits as well as the lengthened implementation period are relevant and warranted (Ehrenfeld 2005; Hitchcock and Willard 2006). We identified three primary categories of outcomes based on a literature review of both anecdotal and conceptual expectations of sustainability: (1) improvements in constituent satisfaction, (2) differentiation opportunities, and (3) financial rewards. Within each of these categories, several specific outcomes were identified resulting in eleven different outcomes arising from sustainability initiatives. Our survey results indicate that the top five most likely outcomes for companies that pursue sustainability are: (1) green consumers will be more satisfied, (2) company image will be better, (3) corporate responsibility will be enhanced, (4) energy costs will be reduced, and (5) products will be more innovative. Additionally, to better understand the interesting intersection between the environmental "identity" of a consumer and the willingness to manifest that identity with marketplace purchases, we extended prior research developed by Experian Research (2008). Accordingly, respondents were categorized as one of four types of green consumers (Behavioral Greens, Think Greens, Potential Greens, or True Browns) to garner a better understanding of the green consumer in addition to assisting with a more effective interpretation of results. We assessed these consumers' willingness to engage in eco-friendly behavior by evaluating three options: (1) shopping at retailers that support environmental initiatives, (2) paying more for products that protect the environment, and (3) paying higher taxes so the government can support environmental initiatives. Think Greens expressed the greatest willingness to change, followed by Behavioral Greens, Potential Greens, and True Browns. These differences were all significant at p<.01. Further Conclusions and Implications We have undertaken a descriptive study which seeks to enhance our understanding of the strategic domain of sustainability. Specifically, this research fills a gap in the literature by comparing and contrasting the sustainability views of business executives and consumers with specific regard to preferences, intentions, willingness-to-pay, behavior, and attitudes. For practitioners, much can be gained from a strategic standpoint. In addition to the many results already reported, respondents also reported than willing to pay more for products that protect the environment. Other specific results indicate that female respondents consistently communicate a stronger willingness than males to pay more for these products and to shop at eco-friendly retailers. Knowing this additional information, practitioners can now have a more specific market in which to target and communicate their sustainability efforts. While this research is only an initial step towards understanding similarities and differences among practitioners and consumers regarding sustainability, it presents original findings that contribute to both practice and research. Future research should be directed toward examining other variables affecting this relationship, as well as other specific industries.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-174
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• 2008

This paper proposed several activation strategies at both the government and company parts for the development of domestic third party logistics(TPL) to pull electronic trade era much earlier. In the government side, it must need to arrange and integrate complex regulation rules on the Logistics for more smooth access and use the TPL market. Also, it has to provide multiple support policies such as tax reduction, technical and financial service providing, and logistics information system to TPL. Finally, it should construct the government levels education system to train and forster a competent man who is well qualified as a electronic and logiscic expert. The TPL company must build up a total logistics information system concerned with an innovative operation system such as SCM, JIT etc. which can provide logistic services on demand to the electronic trade customers to maximize consumer satisfaction. In the shipper company level, it try to join a long-term strategic alliance with TPL to reduce logistic cost and increase logistic service to its electronic trade consumers.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2012

The graying of populations is emerging as an international issue around the world, and this is a problem that is rapidly advancing in Korea as well, signaling the need for financial preparations for the aged. For this purpose, various retirement pension systems are being employed as preparatory measures for the nation's elderly. Using data from 1474 people in the 2007 panel study of National Security for the Retired, the present work attempts to look at satisfaction rates with regard to public pension receipts for the national pension and special occupational pensions according to general characteristics and factors related to the preparation for an aging society. Satisfaction with retirement pension receipts according to the type of pension was high for special occupation retirement pensions, individual retirement pensions and the national retirement pension, in that order. Looking at satisfaction rates based on the general characteristics of pension recipients, the study revealed that for the national pension, satisfaction was highest for groups with above-average physical and psychological health, groups who think appropriate living expenses for the elderly are lower, groups in which a partner also earns income, and groups who had amply prepared for their expected living expenses in later life. Regarding special occupation retirement pensions, satisfaction was high for groups over the age of 70, groups with good psychological health, and groups sufficiently prepared for their living expenses in later expenses, compared to groups for which these factors did not apply. In terms of the relative influences impacting retirement pension recipient satisfaction, satisfaction with the national pension was highest when the primary source to cover elderly living expenses was a resource other than income earned by the recipient and their partner and/or income received from children. Concerning special occupation retirement pensions, satisfaction was highest among those whose education terminated before middle school, and for those in good physical health. Based on the above results, it is vital that plans exist for preparing sufficiently for the living expenses of the elderly and for facilitating the physical and psychological health of pension recipients. Plans are also necessary to, ensure that citizens are provided with easily accessible educational programs and activities regarding general installment savings and deposits, stocks and bonds, real estate investments, individual retirement pensions, private insurance, severance pay pensions, and public pensions.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.74-85
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate present situation of recovery and treatment of waste home appliances, and to supply basic data for active reuse and recycling of waste home appliances. Among waste home appliances, refrigerator comprise 30.7%, television 37.8%, washing machine 22.9% and air conditioner 0.3%. Local government collected 46.2% of waste home appliances, producer and agent collected 49.7%, recycling center 4.1%. Seventeen percentage of waste home appliances are reused, 65% are recycled, and 18% are landfilled or incinerated. To improve the recycling activity of waste of home appliances, it is important to establish private reuse and recycling organization. It is also necessary to improve waste deposit and refund system for efficient recycling by decent financial support. Extension of a term of usage is another method to minimize waste home appliances. Finally, intensive education for consumer is necessary for waste minimization. Some portion of recycling and treatment cost can be allocated to the local government and large private business can shred and recycle waste home appliances.