• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.599-608
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• 2009

This manuscript covers the results of field investigation and lab-scale experiments to design a double-layered biofilter system to control urban storm runoff. The biofilter system consisted of a coarse soil layer (CSL) for filtration and fine soil layer (FSL) for adsorption and biological degradation. The variations of flow rate and water quality of runoff from a local expressway were monitored for seven storm events. Laboratory column experiments were performed using seven kinds of soil and mulch to maximize pollutants removal. The site mean concentration (SMC) of storm runoff from the drainage area (runoff coefficient: 0.92) was measured to be 203 mg/L for SS, 307 mg/L for $TCOD_{Cr}$, 12.3 mg/L for TN, 7.3 mg/L for ${NH_4}^+-N$, and 0.79 mg/L for TP, respectively. This study employed a new design concept, to cover the maximum rainfall intensity with one month recurrence interval. Effective storms for last ten years (1998-2007) in seoul suggested the design rainfull intensity to be 8.8 mm/hr Single layer soil column showed the maximum removal rate of pollutants load when the uniformity coefficient of CSL was 1.58 and the silt/clay contents of FSL was virtually 7%. The removal efficiency during operation of double layer soil column was 98% for SS and turbidity, 75% for TCODCr, 56% for ${NH_4}^+-N$, 87% for TP, and 73-91% for heavy metals. The hydraulic conductivity of the soil column, 0.023 cm/sec, suggested that the surface area of the biofilter system should be about 1% of the drainage area to treat the rainfall intensity of one month recurrence interval.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.258-261
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• 2009

In this work, we the ettect on extraction amounts and general composition content of phytoestrogen genistein and formononetin extracted from Sophoraflavescens Aiton by various ultrasonic waves(35, 72, and 170 KHz) and extraction time(30, and 60 min) were compared using extraction solvent water 100%. The pretreatment step was composed of ultrasonic waves extraction, filtration, concentration, and membrane filtration. The extracted sample was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC). And the mobile phase applied was linearly changed with A/B of 80/20~65/35 vol% for 60 min(A water/acetic acid, 99.9/0.1 vol%, B acetonitrile/acetic acid, 99.9/0.1 vol%). The experimental results, general composition carbohydrate(0.255 to 0.413%) excepts, other ingredients was confirmed almost similarly. Also, The highest yield of extraction amount 3.17g was obtained by ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 170 KHz and an extraction time of 60 min. This work offers would be useful for chemical and biological studies of natural plants and its products.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1998

A neutralized fabric filter of which major raw materials were polyester and stainless steel fibers was developed and its physiochemical properties and basic filter characteristics were investigated. Four finds of dusts generated in the typical domestic industry were used, which were coke dust from a steel manufacturing process, cement dust from a cement manufacturing process, flu ash from a fluidized-bed combustor, and incinerator ash from a waste plastics incinerator. The physicochemical properties of the neutralized fabric filter were analyzed in terms of changes in tensile strength and initial elastic modulus under $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ atmospheres, mean flow pore pressure, bubble point pore diameter, mean flow pore diameter, and pore size distribution. In addition, the pressure drop, dust penetration, and figure of merit for the fabric filter were investigated in a bench-scale filter testing unit. The pressure drop increased as the filtration velocity and dust loading increased, and its increasing shape depended on the type of dust. The dust penetration rapidly decreased as the dust loading increased irrespective of the type of dust. The figures of merit for the fabric filters increased in the early stage of filtration and then showed rapid decreases followed maintaining a constant level.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2014

A membrane-coupled sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) was used for the advanced treatment of rural village sewage which is very low C/N ratio. The effect of powdered activated carbon, aeration rate, and external organic material loadings on the treatment efficiency and filtration performance were investigated in sequencing batch reactor, in which a flat-sheet type microfiltration membrane with a pore size of $0.4{\mu}m$ was submerged. At the initial operation (within 54 days) MLSS concentration, and the removal efficiencies of COD, T-N, and T-P were increased with the increase of C/N ratio. After 89 days the removal efficiencies of COD, T-N, and T-P were 97.1%, 75.0%, and 48.3%, respectively. Suspended solid-free effluent was obtained by membrane filtration. The T-P removal was relatively low because of depending on the amount of excess sludge wasting. During the operation of MSBR with powdered activated carbon, the particle size of the sludge reduced by the increase of collision frequency and mixing intensity. In comparison with MSBR without powdered activated carbon, TMP of MSBR with that was significantly elevated.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2051-2059
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• 2016

To date, there has been no employment of a magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor method to detect Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in soil. The ME biosensor method needs to be investigated and modified for its successful performance. The filtration method, cation-exchange resin method, and combinations of both methods were employed for the extraction of S. Typhimurium from soil. The number of S. Typhimurium and the resonant frequency shift of the ME sensor were then compared using a brilliant green sulfa agar plate and an HP 8751A network analyzer. A blocking study was performed using bovine serum albumin (BSA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and casein powder suspension. Finally, the modified ME biosensor method was performed to detect S. Typhimurium in soil. The number of S. Typhimurium was significantly decreased from 7.10 log CFU/soil to 4.45-4.72 log CFU/soil after introduction of the cation-exchange resin method. The greatest resonant frequency shift of the measurement sensor was found when employing centrifugation and filtration procedures. The resonant frequency shift of the PEG-blocked measurement sensor was $3,219{\pm}755Hz$, which was significantly greater than those of the BSA- and casein-blocked ME sensor. The optimum concentration of PEG was determined to be 1.0 mg/ml after considering the resonant shift and economic issue. Finally, the modified ME biosensor method was able to detect S. Typhimurium in soil in a dose-response manner. Although these modifications of the ME biosensor method sacrificed some advantages, such as cost, time effectiveness, and operator friendliness, this study demonstrated a novel approach of the ME biosensor method to detect S. Typhimurium in soil.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

We examined the purity of six heparin samples by using heparinase, chondroitinase, $^{1}H-NMR$, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To obtain high molecular weight contaminants from heparin samples, heparinase I - digested samples were subjected to the exhaustive microcon filtration. The filtration process removed heparin-derived di- and oligosaccharides effectively. By combining chondroitinase ABC treatment and strong anion exchange - high performance liquid chromatography, the result showed all six samples contained chondroitin sulfate as a contaminant ranging from 1.3 to 14.9%. Among them, sample S3 showed the highest content of 14.9%, which was further analyzed by chondroitinase AC treatment to confirm chondroitin sulfate B (dermatan sulfate). $^{1}H-NMR$ chemical shifts of N-acetyl groups clearly suggested the existence of chondroitin sulfate B (sample S3) and oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (samples S2 and S4) as contaminants. In addition, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was useful for qualitative detection on the sample's purity. These results suggest that the tools of heparinase I and chondroitinase ABC in combination with NMR spectroscopy would give very useful information for investigation of heparin contaminants such as oversulfated chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate in heparin samples.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.966-979
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• 2019

Muscle-based by-products are often undervalued although commonly reported having a high amount of natural bioactive peptides. In this study, elastin was isolated from the protein of broiler hen skin while its hydrolysate was prepared using Elastase. Assessment of antioxidative properties of elastin-based hydrolysate (EBH) was based on three different assays; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical and metal chelating ability. The EBH was purified further using ultrafiltration, gel filtration and Reverse- Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). The IC₅₀ of ABTS radical activities for EBH were decreased as EBH further purified using ultrafiltration (EBH III; 0.66 mg/mL)>gel filtration (EB-II; 0.42 mg/mL)>RP-HPLC (EB-II4; 0.12 mg/mL). The sequential identification of the peptide was done by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/ TOF-MS) of the potent fractions obtained from RP-HPLC (EB-II4). The presence of hydrophobic amino acids (Val and Pro) in the peptide sequences could potentially contribute to the high antioxidant activity of EBH. The sequences GAHTGPRKPFKPR, GMPGFDVR and ADASVLPK were identified as antioxidant peptides. In conclusion, the antioxidative potential from poultry skin specifically from elastin is evident and can be explored to be used in many applications such as health and pharmaceutical purposes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.591-595
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• 2007

The membrane filter coated with nanostructured porous surface layer was made by heat treatment after depositing nanoparticles onto a conventional micron-fibrous metal filter as a substrate filter. The nanostructured porous layer membrane filter (NSPL-MF), whose the filtration performance was improved compared with the conventional metal membrane filters, was developed by coating the nanoparticle agglomerates of dendrite structure onto the micron-fibrous metal filter. Pressure drop of nanostructured porous layer membrane filter decreased with increasing the heat treatment temperature to make the nanostructured porous layer adhered on the filter surface because the nanoparticle agglomerates shrank, but filtration efficiency did not decrease clearly.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.279-284
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• 2009

Traditionally, so-called "industrial waste gases", such ad exhaust from boilers at industrial installations and a large quantity of soot discharged from power station, before their release into the atmosphere, have been on occasion subjected to an air cleaning process to remove fine particles that may pollute the atmosphere (such as mist and dust containing various powdery or oily substances and moisture from industrial waste gases). The release of industrial waste gases containing these particles directly into the atmosphere poses a serious threat to the earth environment; and recovery of these noxious substances is required by law in some countries and local governments. in urban areas, air pollution from automobile exhaust and others creates a serious condition. Some homes are equipped with and use indoor air purifiers. In many of the kitchens of restaurants, smoke generated during cooking and otherwise contaminated air are cleansed by air purifiers before being released outside or recycled inside. For the dust collecting devices to recover the fine particles contained in contaminated air, the cause for air pollution and how to purify air, many types based on various principles are known. Specifically, classified based on theories of particle collection, filtration, gravity, inertia, centrifugation, electricity, and cleaning types are cited as available processes. Among them, an appropriate type is selected according to the size or type of fine particles to be collected and conditions for installation. For the efficiency of dust collection, a filtration system (by using bag filters and others) and electric system are particularly outstanding and are therefore used widely in various areas of industry. In this research, rotary type high performance oil mist and smoke collecting system with self auto cleaning device equipped with the cleaning fluid spraying section is investigated.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1477-1488
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• 2014

Prevalent construction of impermeable pavements in urban areas causes diverse water-related environmental issues, such as lowering ground water levels and shortage of water supply for the living. In order to resolve such problems, a rainwater reservoir can be an effective and useful solution. The rainwater reservoir facilitates the hydrologic cycle in urban areas by temporarily retaining precipitation-runoff within a shallow subsurface layer for later use in a dry season. However, in order to use the stored water of precipitation-runoff, non-point source pollutants mostly retained in initial rainfall should be removed before being stored in the reservoir. Therefore, the purification system to filter out the non-point source pollutants is essential for the rainwater reservoir. The conventional soil filtration technology is well known to be able to capture non-point source pollutants in a economical and efficient way. This study adopted a sand filter layer (SFL) as a non-point source pollutant removal system in the rainwater reservoir, and conducted a series of lab-scale chamber tests and field tests to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiency and applicability of SFL. During the laboratory chamber experiments, three types of SFL with the different grain size characteristics were compared in the chamber with a dimension of $20cm{\times}30cm{\times}60cm$. To evaluate performance of the reservoir systems, the concentration of the polluted water in terms of TSS (Total Suspended Solids) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) were measured and compared. In addition, a reduction in hydraulic conductivity of SFL due to pollutant clogging was indirectly estimated. The optimum SFL selected through the laboratory chamber experiments was verified on the in-situ rainwater reservoir for field applicability.