• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.410-424
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• 2021

Background: Subway stations have the characteristics of being located underground and are a representative public-use facility used by an unspecified number of people. As concerns about indoor air quality (IAQ) increase, various management measures are being implemented. However, there are few systematic studies and cases of long-term continuous measurement of underground station air quality. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze changes and factors influencing IAQ in subway stations through real-time continuous long-term measurement using IoT-based IAQ sensing equipment, and to evaluate the IAQ improvement effect of a bio-filter system. Methods: The IAQ of a subway station in Seoul was measured using IoT-based sensing equipment. A bio-filter system was installed after collecting the background concentrations for about five months. Based on the data collected over about 21 months, changes in indoor air quality and influencing factors were analyzed and the reduction effect of the bio-filter system was evaluated. Results: As a result of the analysis, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and CO₂ increased during rush hour according to the change in the number of passengers, and PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were high when a PM warning/watch was issued. There was an effect of improving IAQ with the installation of the bio-filter system. The reduction rate of a new-bio-filter system with improved efficiency was higher than that of the existing bio-filter system. Factors affecting PM_2.5 in the subway station were the outdoor PM_2.5, platform PM_2.5, and the number of passengers. Conclusions: The IAQ in a subway station is affected by passengers, ventilation through the air supply and exhaust, and the spread of particulate matter generated by train operation. Based on these results, it is expected that IAQ can be efficiently improved if a bio-filter system with improved efficiency is developed in consideration of the factors affecting IAQ and proper placement.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2022

The SiO₂/TiO₂ multilayer thin films used for narrow band pass filter were fabricated using E-beam evaporation method. The narrow band pass filter was used to enhance the resolution of spectroscopy and sensor applications with near infrared (NIR) light source. The narrow band pass filter with multilayer thin films were designed with Essential Macleod program. The multilayers of SiO₂/TiO₂ with 32 layers were deposited on the silicon encapsulation of IR with peak wavelength (λ_p) of 660 nm and NIR LEDs with λ_p of 830 nm, 880 nm, and 955 nm. After NIR light passed through the narrow band pass filter, the full width of half maximum of 33.4~48.6 nm became narrow to 20~24 nm owing to the absorption of photons with short or long wavelength of designed band of 20 nm. The SiO₂/TiO₂ band pass filter fabricated in this study can be used for sensor, optoelectronics, and NIR spectroscopy applications.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1597-1609
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• 2015

This paper introduces the fundamentals of the conventional LC low-pass filter circuit in the fractional domain. First, we study the new fundamentals of fractional-order LC low-pass filter circuit including the pure real angular frequency, the pure imaginary angular frequency and the short circuit angular frequency. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of the impedance characteristics and phase characteristics of the LC low-pass filter circuit with respect to the system variables is studied in detail, which shows the greater flexibility of the fractional-order filter circuit in designs. Furthermore, from the filtering property perspective, we systematically investigate the effects of the system variables (LC, frequency f and fractional orders) on the amplitude-frequency characteristics and phase-frequency characteristics. In addition, the detailed analyses of the cut-off frequency and filter factor are presented. Numerical experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical results introduced in this paper.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1986년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 17-18 Oct. 1986
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• pp.550-553
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• 1986

This paper presents a procedure for the time-scale separation and a design method for the sub-optimal composite regulator and Kalman filter of the large-scale discrete stochastic system with two time-scale properties. Provided that the fast sub-system is asymptotically stable, the reduced-order regulator and Kalman filter for the slow sub-system with dominant modes is designed as a sub-optimal regulator for the system.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2004

이 연구는 T-S 퍼지시스템으로 모델 되는 비선형 시스템의 견실한 혼합 ${H_2}/{H_{\infty}}$ 필터 설계문제를 취급한다. 플랜트에 포함된 다양한 종류의 불확실성을 취급하기 위하여 적분 2차 제약조건을 사용하였다. 필터 설계문제의 해가 존재할 충분조건을 볼록 최적화 기법을 사용하여 효과적으로 풀 수 있는 선형 행렬 부등식의 형태로 제시한다. 제시된 방법을 예시하기 위해서 수치 예를 보여준다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권7C호
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• pp.688-695
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• 2003

본 논문에서는, 적응형 필터를 이용한 동기획득 시스템을 실제 환경에 효과적으로 사용하기 위해 두 가지 알고리즘을 제안한다. 첫째, 하나의 필터를 여러 개의 부 필터로 나누어 적응시키는 병렬 부필터 탐색 구조를 제시하여 실제 환경에서 요구되는 빠른 동기 획득 성능을 얻는다. 둘째, 적응 파라미터들을 수신 신호의 전력에 따라 조절해주는 파라미터 결정기법을 제안하여 이상적인 성능에서 큰 열화 없이 실제 환경에서 효율적으로 동작 가능하도록 한다. 제안된 시스템에 대해 통계적인 분석을 수행하고 모의 실험을 통해 평균 동기 획득 시간 성능을 검증한다. 병렬 부필터 탐색 구조를 적용한 시스템은 기존의 전체 필터 탐색 구조에 비해 16탭에서 1∼l.5dB, 64탭에서 5∼6dB의 성능 이득을 보이며, 제안된 파라미터 결정기법을 적용한 시스템은 16탭과 32탭에서 이상적인 성능에서 약 1∼2.5dB 정도의 열화만으로 실제 환경에서 효과적으로 동작함을 보여준다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2010

본 논문은 리튬폴리머 배터리의 잔존충전용량 추정을 위한 비선형 퍼지 $H_{\infty}$ 필터의 설계 방법을 제시한다. 배터리 셀의 동적방정식을 T-S 퍼지시스템으로 모델하고 선형행렬 부등식의 해를 이용하여 퍼지필터를 설계한다. 제시한 퍼지 $H_{\infty}$ 필터의 성능을 입증하기 위하여 UDDS 전류 프로파일을 사용한 실험 데이터를 이용하여 모의실험을 수행하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.593-598
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• 2003

In this paper, 3rd overtone mode energy-trapped filter using modified PbTiO$_3$ system ceramics was manufactured to apply for intermediate frequency(IF) SMD type fillet with splitted electrode and gap size. To investigate the effects of splitted electrode and gap size on filter characteristics of 3rd overtone mode energy-trapped filter, ceramic wafers were fabricated by etching splitted rectangular electrode size(b$\times$d) of b=0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1mm, d=0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6mm and gap size(c) c=0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6mm, respectively. And then, SMD type ceramic filter were fabricated with the size of 3.7$\times$3.1$\textrm{mm}^2$. SMD type ceramic filter with the size of b=0.8mm, d=0.4mm and gap(c)=0.4mm, which showed insertion loss of 2.951dB, 3dB bandwidth of 54.7kHz and 20dB stop bandwidth of 129.27kHz, was suitable for IF bandpass filter application.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2002

Fine particles (d$_{p}$ < 2.5 $\mu$m) were measured using an annular denuder system (ADS) in Chongju. The data set was collected on fifty-eight different days with a 24-hr sampling period from October 27, 1995 through August 25, 1996. Particulate nitrate in the ADS was also measured on teflon and nylon filters in series behind denuders to collect HNO$_3$, HNO$_2$, SO$_2$and NH$_3$. From this study. the mean concentration of particulate nitrate of PM$_{2.5}$ in the ADS were seen with the following order: winter (5.05) ＞fall (4.36) ＞spring (3.92) > summer (1.10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥). Nitrate losses, which calculated from the ratio of nylon filter nitrate to the sum of teflon and nylon filter nitrates, varied in the following manner summer (72.2%) > spring (42.6%) > fall (23.5%)> winter (0.4%). Especially, gaseous nitric acid was dominant at temperature higher than 8$^{\circ}C$ while particulate nitrate was major species in total nitrate below that temperature. This indicates the particulate nitrate loss is strongly correlated rather with ambient temperature.e.e.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.27-27
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• 2000

The nonlinear observers are proposed for a nonlinear system. To improve the characteristics such as a stability, a convergence, and an H$\sub$$\infty$/ filter performance criterion, we utilize and H$\sub$$\infty$/ filter Riccati equation or a modified H$\sub$$\infty$/ filter Riccati equation with a freedom parameter. Using the Lyapunov, the characteristics of the observer are analyzed. Then the in-flight alignment for a strapdown inertial navigation system(SDINS) is designed using the observer proposed. Simulation results show that the observer with the modified H$\sub$$\infty$/ fitter Riccati equation effectively improve the performance of the in-flight alignment.