• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2012

Multilayer co-extrusion blown film construction is a popular technique for producing plastic films for various packaging industries. Automated detection of defective films can improve the quality of film production process. In this paper, we propose a film inspection system that can detect and classify film defects robustly. In our system, first, film images are acquired through a high speed line-scan camera under an appropriate lighting system. In order to detect and classify film defects, an inspection algorithm is developed. The algorithm divides the typical film defects into two groups: intensity-based and texture-based. Intensity-based defects are classified based on geometric features. Whereas, to classify texture-based defects, a texture analysis technique based on local binary pattern (LBP) is adopted. Experimental results revealed that our film inspection system is effective in detecting and classifying defects for the multilayer co-extrusion blown film construction line.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Environmental evaluation of two different oxygen high barrier films were performed using life cycle assessment. One of the films (traditional film) was composed of aluminum oxide coated PET film, ink, LDPE and LLDPE. Another film (new film) was consists of PET, ink, protein based coating material, LDPE, LLDPE. Main layer to achieve the high oxygen barrier for traditional film was aluminum oxide coated PET film, whereas the protein based coating material act as oxygen barrier layer for new film. Functional unit of this study was 1000 pouches made of traditional and new film. System boundary was factory to gate. The results of this study revealed that the new film shows better environmental performance for most of impact indicator than traditional film, except marine eutrophication and fine particulate matter formation due to extra coating process in new film system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 1995

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the direct digital radiographic system with film-based digital imaging system using Ektaspeed and Ektaspeed Plus film with respect to image characteristics and detectability and evaluate the sensor noise with the use of subtraction method. Direct digital radiographic system which used was Sens-A-Ray system(Regam Medical Systems, Sundsvall, Sweden) and film-based digital imaging system was composed of Macintosh II ci computer, high resolution Sony XC-77 CCD camera and intraoral x-ray film(Kodak Ektaspeed film, Kodak Ektaspeed Plus film). Images were taken by using CCD sensor of Sens-A-Ray system, Ektaspeed film and Ektaspeed Plus film with variable exposure time(0.06s, 0.1s, 0.16s, 0.2s, 0.3s, 0.4s, 0.5s, 0.6s, O.8s, LOs), 5 times at each exposure time. And then ektaspeed films and ektaspeed plus films were digitized using CCD camera. Image groups were divided into 3 groups; Sens-A-Ray group(direct digital radiographic system), Ektaspeed group and Ektaspeed Plus group (film-based digital imaging system) They were assessed by the following three aspects; image density, image contrast and detectability and sensor noise of Sens-A-Ray system was also evaluated. The results were as follow : 1. S group showed higher density than E , EP group except at the low exposure time(p<0.01). 2. S group showed higher contrast than E,EP group except at the high exposure time(p<0.01). 3. All groups showed good detectability at the each proper exposure time. Lowest exposure time which shows maximum detectability in S,EP group(0.5s) was lower than that in E group(0.6s). 4. Sensor noise of Sens-A-Ray system generally increased according to exposure time. On the basis of the above results, it was considered that Sens-A-Ray system could show higher speed, higher contrast than Ektaspeed, Ektaspeed Plus film except at too high and low exposure time and the same detectability as the conventional intraoral film.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2017

This paper presents a dehazing method based on a fuzzy membership function and variational method. The proposed algorithm consists of three steps: i) estimate transmission through a pixel-based operation using a fuzzy membership function, ii) refine the transmission using an L1-norm-based regularization method, and iii) obtain the result of haze removal based on a hazy image formation model using the refined transmission. In order to prevent color distortion of the sky region seen in conventional methods, we use a trapezoid-type fuzzy membership function. The proposed method acquires high-quality images without halo artifacts and loss of color contrast.

• IE interfaces
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.439-443
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• 2002

In this paper, we study to evaluate the relative time required to perform the CT scanning in the PACS versus a film-based system and helical versus non-helical studies. Time studies were performed in 175 consecutive CT scanning. Images from 85 examinations were electronically transferred to a PACS, and 90 were printed to film. The time required to obtain and electronically transfer the images or print the images to film and make the current and previous studies available to the radiologists for interpretation was recorded. The time required for a radiological technologist to complete a CT test was reduced by 43% with the PACS compared with the film-based system and nonhelical was reduced 10~20% with helical studies. This reduction was due to the elimination of a transfer and printing, such as the printing at window or level settings. The use of PACS can result in the elimination of time tasks for the radiological technologist, resulting in marked reduction in examination time. This reduction can result in decreased cost and increased productivity in PACS operation.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1999

To inquire its usefulness of the clinical application of intelligent replenishment system of automatic X-ray film processor based on film density, we processed the serial 300 sheets of radiographic film of chest [$14{\times}14"$, HR-C type] and bone [elbow & ankle($8{\times}10"$), skull($10{\times}12"$), hand & foot($11{\times}14"$), pelvis($14{\times}17"$), HR-G type, 68, 70, 77, 85 sheets respectively]. We analyzed the characteristic corves, relative speeds, average gradients and base plus fog densities every twenty five sheets. We also evaluated the developer and fixer replenishment volumes every that time. In the chest and bone radiograph two all, the characteristic curves were little change, and the relative speeds, average gradients and base plus fog densities were within the maximum control limits. The average developer replenishment volumes were about 43m1/sheet and 39m1/sheet respectively. It brings decreased results about 29% in comparison with the conventional replenishment system. In our experiences, we conclude that the intelligent replenishment system of automatic X-ray film processor based on film density maintains image quality consistently, decreases also the replenishment volumes. Therefore, this system will be resulted in economic and environmental effects, and solve problems of over and low replenishment volume.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.302-304
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• 2002

In linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery, assuring the quality of the planning and delivery of external photon beam requires accurate evaluation of beam parameters, usually including output factors, tissue-phantom ratio and off-axis ratios, and measurement of actual dose distributions from simulated treatment. We're going to test the use of calibrated radio chromic film (Gafchromic film; type MD-55, Nuclear associate) using a Lumiscan 75 digitizer to measure absolute dose and relative dose distributions for linac-based radiosurgery unit Relative dose distribution of a human-style spherical acryl phantom were measured using radiochromic film and calculated by treatment planning system. The absolute dose at the sphere center was measured by radiochromic film and micro chamber (Exradin A-14, 0.009cc). What we want to demonstrate in this work, the 'well selected' radiochromic films when external photon beam are used in linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery are very accurate detector for dosimetry.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.156-158
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• 2004

Film printing companies have many problems during a printing process. Most of all, even an insect or dirt stick to the transparent film may cause severe errors until the end of printing job, which means big economic damage to the company. To prevent some insect-dots or dirt-dots, we have to Inspect the total area of film. However, it is very difficult to inspect the film in real-time due to the high-speed of printing that usually more than 150 m/min. A hardware based approach, for example DSP-based approach can be the one of solution candidates, but the total cost and the complexity increases the very high-level. In this paper, we suggest a software based approach, using MMX technology, to inspect the film in real-time. By Many real-plant experiments, we can see the suggest approach is applicable for the inspection of food packaging film in real-time.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.5 no.4 s.17
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

In order to design an OLED(Organic Luminescent Emitting Device) evaporation system, geometric simulation of film thickness distribution profile is required. For the OLED evaporation process, thin film thickness uniformity is of great practical importance. In this paper, a geometric modeling algorithm is introduced for process simulation of the OLED evaporating process. The physical fact of the evaporating process is modeled mathematically. Based on the developed method, the thickness of the thin-film layer can be successfully controlled.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2002

To evaluate the relative time required to perform a CT(computed tomography) examination in a filmless versus a film-based system and helical versus nonhelical studies. Time and Motion studies were performed in 175 consecutive CT examinations. Images from 85 examinations were electronically transferred to a PACS, and 90 were printed to film. The time required to obtain and electronically transfer the images or print the images to film and make the current and previous studies available to the radiologists for interpretation was recorded. The time required for a radiological technologist to complete a CT examination was reduced by 43% with the PACS compared with the film-based system and nonhelical was reduced 10-20% with helical studies. This reduction was due to the elimination of a transfer and printing, such as the printing at window or level settings. The use of PACS can result in the elimination of time tasks for the radiological technologist, resulting in marked reduction in examination time. This reduction can result in decreased cost and increased productivity in PACS operation.