• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.238-238
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• 2015

There are demands for water environmental analysis of discharge processes in paddy fields, however, it is not fully understood in nutrients discharge process for watershed modeling. As hydrological processes both surface and ground water and agricultural water managements are so complex in paddy fields, the development of lowland paddy fields watershed model is more difficult than upland watershed model. In this research, the improvement of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for a paddy watershed was conducted. First, modification of surface inundated process was developed in improved pot hole option. Those modification was evaluated by monitoring data. Second, the monitoring data in river and drainage channel in lowland paddy fields from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed to understand discharge characteristics. As a case study, Imbanuma basin, Japan, was chosen as typical land and water use in Asian countries. In this basin, lowland paddy fields are irrigated from river water using small pumps that were located in distribution within the watershed. Daily hydrological fluctuation was too complex to estimate. Then, to understand surface and ground water discharge characteristics in irrigation (Apr-Aug) and non-irrigation (Sep-Mar) period, the water and material balance analysis was conducted. The analysis was composed two parts, watershed and river channel blocks. As results of model simulation, output was satisfactory in NSE, but uncertainty was large. It would be coming from discharge process in return water. The river water and ground water in paddy fields were exchanged each other in 5.7% and 10.8% to river discharge in irrigation and non-irrigation periods, respectively. Through this exchange, nutrient loads were exchanged between river and paddy fields components. It suggested that discharge from paddy fields was not only responded to rainfall but dynamically related with river water table. In general, hydrological models is assumed that a discharge process is one way from watershed to river. However, in lowland paddy fields, discharge process is dynamically changed. This function of paddy fields showed that flood was mitigated and temporally held as storage in ground water. Then, it showed that water quality was changed in mitigated function in the water exchange process in lowland paddy fields. In future, it was expected that hydrological models for lowland paddy fields would be developed with this mitigation function.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2006

In this study, we surveyed the increasing rate of the licensed medical technicians from the year of 1970 to 2003 in Korea along with the investigation of the growth ratio by sex and fields among the licensed medical technicians. On the basis of this survey, this study aims to provide a milestone for the further studies to resolve the problems arising from asymmetry of sex ratio in some specific fields of medical technicians and oversupply of the in-service technicians. The results show that in contrast to the year 1970, the whole growth rate was 59.46%, males 28.98%, females 285.21%. In the case of sex ratio, in 1970 the figure of males to females was 6.63 to 1 but the figure of 2003 was 0.67 to 1, which indicates the number of female technicians are badly increasing. Until 2003, the ratio of female technicians was higher than the male technicians in the fields of medical technologists, physical therapists, dental hygienists, occupational therapists, medical record technicians but in radiologist technological, dental technicians and opticians the ratio was reversed.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.460-473
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to provide information on issues of nursing core competencies needed in the fields of nursing practice for graduates in nursing, from the perspective of nursing managers, and to make suggestion for improving nursing education programs. Methods: Ten nursing managers participated in this study. They were in charge of clinical nursing education in the fields of nursing practice. Data were collected using focus group interviews and analyzed with the content analysis methodology of Downe - Wamboldt's. Results: Six types of nursing core competency - therapeutic nursing competency, professional nursing competency, administrative nursing competency, humanistic nursing competency, relational nursing competency, and personal nursing competency - were identified as nursing core competencies needed in the fields of nursing practice for graduates in nursing. Conclusion: Results of the study show important evidence for decision-making about nursing curriculum revision based on nursing core competency, both in the classroom and in nursing practice areas. These results should contribute to the development of evaluation indicators for nursing students or new nurses. Further research is required to measure degree of nursing core competency in graduates of nursing and to identify the effect of competency-based education for improving nursing core competency.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the expression of neurotrophic factors after spinal cord injury. Sprague-Dawley male rats were given a spinal cord hemisection and randomly divided into 2 groups, the control and experimental groups. The experimental group was administered a fifteen minutes session of pulsed electromagnetic field once a day, five days a week. In order to observe the effect of these pulsed electromagnetic fields, this study observed the BDNF expression in the rat's lumbar spinal cord and the H&E staining in the gastrocnemius at 3, 7, 14, 21 days group after spinal cord hemisection. The results of this showed that the immunoreactivity of the BDNF in the rat's spinal cord gradually increased in each group. At 21 days, there is a significant difference between the control and experimental groups. The morphological shape of the gastrocnemius was gradually changed from 3days to 21days, and the gastrocnemius at 21 days was significantly degraded. However, the experimental group showed a slightly more organized gastrocnemius than the control group at 21days. The Results of this study suggest that pulsed electromagnetic field application decreases the degeneration of a rat's gastrocnemius morphology, and increases the immunoreactivity of the BDNF in the rat's spinal cord after spinal cord hemisection.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.653-661
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• 2005

The present study numerically investigates two-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer ir the confined jet flow in the presence of applied magnetic field. For the purpose of controlling vortex shedding and heat transfer, numerical simulations to calculate the fluid flow and heat transfer in the confined jet are performed for different Reynolds numbers in the absence and presence of magnetic fields and for different Prandtl numbers of 0.02 (liquid metal), 0.7 (air) and 7 (water) in the range of $0{\le}N{\le}0.05$, where N is the Stuart number (interaction parameter) which is the ratio of electromagnetic force to inertia force. The present study reports the detailed information of flow and thermal quantities in the channel at different Stuart numbers. As the intensity of applied magnetic fields increases, the vortex shedding formed in the channel becomes weaker and the oscillating amplitude of impinging jet decreases. The flow and thermal fields become the steady state if the Stuart number is greater than the critical value. Thus the Nusselt number at the stagnation point representing the heat transfer characteristics also vary as a function of Stuart number.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.54.1-54.1
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• 2019

Solar observations often show that interaction of more than one flux rope is involved in solar eruptions. In this regard, Lau and Finn (1996) intensively studied the interaction of two flux ropes, which reside in between two parallel planes each mimicking one polarity region of the solar photosphere. However, this geometry is quite far from the real solar situation, in which all feet of flux tubes are rooted in one surface only. In this paper, we study the interaction of two flux ropes in a semi-infinite region above a plane representing the solar photosphere. Four cases of the flux rope interaction are investigated in our MHD simulation study: (1) parallel axial fields and parallel axial currents (co-helicity), (2) antiparallel axial fields and parallel axial currents (counter-helicity), (3) parallel axial fields and antiparallel axial currents (counter-helicity), and (4) antiparallel axial fields and antiparallel axial currents (co-helicity). Each case consists of four or six subcases according to the background field direction relative to the flux ropes and the relative positions of the flux rope footpoints. In our simulations, all the cases eventually show eruptive behaviors, but their degree of explosiveness and field topological evolutions are quite different. We construct artificial emission measure maps based on the simulations and compare them with images of CME observations, which provides us with information on what field configurations may generate certain eruption features.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2005

The present study numerically investigates two-dimensional fluid flow in the confined jet flow in the presence of applied magnetic field. Numerical simulations to calculate the fluid flow and heat transfer in the confined jet are performed for different Reynolds numbers in the absence and presence of magnetic fields in the range of $0{\le}N{\le}0.05$, where N is the Stuart number (interaction parameter) which is the ratio of electromagnetic force to inertia force. The present study reports the detailed information of flow in the channel at different Stuart numbers. As the intensity of applied magnetic fields increases, the vortex shedding formed in the channel becomes weaker and the oscillating amplitude of impinging jet decreases. The flow fields become the steady state if the Stuart number is greater than a critical value. Thus the pressure coefficients at the stagnation point also vary as a function of Stuart number.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2008

This Study is designed to identify the appropriate fields of culture and art supporting activities in fashion business and to propose an effective culture and art strategy on establishment of positive fashion brand attitude. Subjects of this study were 242 young male and female consumers interested in fashion and culture marketing activities. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 with Independent-Sample T-Test, ANOVA, Duncan test. Also, we suggested the FBFit(Fashion Brand-Mecenat Fit) model by using Prefmap3. The results are as follows: First, it was revealed that culture art marketing activities such as a film, a popular music, a musical of the art and culture fields were important for maintaining the positive fashion brand image. Second, the consumer with recognition of culture and art supporting activities had a positive attitude on culture and art marketing of fashion brand. Third, FBFit model was revealed that there was a significant difference an appropriate culture and art fields for each fashion brand image. Therefore, each fashion brand has to select appropriate fields of culture and art marketing activities by considering their fashion brand image with a long term perspective.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2003

부정형 차폐조사면에 대하여 차폐블록보정인자를 측정하고 보고된 정방형 차폐조사면에 대한 결과들과 비교하여 이 인자의 임상적 응용을 논의하였다. 차폐블록보정인자를 팬텀속 임의의 깊이에서 측정할 수 있는 방법을 고안하고 차폐블록 12가지에 대한 측정을 수행하였다. 부정형 차폐조사면에 대한 차폐블록 보정인자는 정방형 차폐조사면에 대한 측정결과들과 $\pm$0.5% 이하의 차이를 보였다. 임상에서 일반적인 부정형 차폐조사면에 대한 선량계산시 정방형 차폐조사면에 대한 차폐블록보정인자를 적용할 수 있으나, 매우 작은 차폐조사면의 경우에는 실측을 통한 확인이 요구된다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2003년도 제27회 추계학술대회
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• pp.71-71
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• 2003

The study on magnetic field combined radiation therapy, as a new technique to modify the dose distributions using external magnetic field, has been investigated. The goal of the study is to develop the techniques for dose localization, as a particle beam, from the strong magnetic fields. In this study, in order to study the principle of dose deposition in external fields, as a basic approach, we have calculated approximately the paths of traveling electrons in water under external magnetic fields with numerical methods. The calculations are performed for a primary particle by cumulating the steps which are defined as small path lengths which energy loss can be ignored. In this calculation, the energy loss and direction change for a step was calculated by using total stopping power and Lorentz force equation respectively. We have examined the deflected paths of the electron through water as a function of external magnetic field and incident electron s energy. Since we did not take account of the multiple scattering effects for electrons through water, there are errors in this calculation. However, from the results we can explain the principle of dose variation and dose focusing for electron beams under strong magnetic fields in water.