• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.389-403
• /
• 2004

이 연구에서는 교량의 모드자료를 이용한 구조해석모델의 개선에 관하여 연구하였다. 교량의 초기해석모델은 도면 및 현장조사결과를 바탕으로 작성되므로, 시간에 따라 손실된 강성의 영향 및 경계조건 등을 합리적으로 반영하기 어려우며, 따라서 구조물에 대한 정적 혹은 동적실험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 반영하여 해석모델을 개선하는 것이 바람직하다. 이 연구에서는 구조물의 고유주파수 및 모드형상 등의 모드특성을 바탕으로 추계론적 최적화 기법인 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 해석모델을 개선하고자 하였다. 임진강교 및 행주대교에 대한 동적실험 자료를 이용하여 교량의 모드특성을 추정하였으며, 추정된 모드특성을 바탕으로 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 수치해석모델을 개선하였다. 개선된 모델을 사용하여 해석한 결과, 초기해석모델에 의한 해석결과보다 실험으로 추정한 모드특성에 가까움을 확인하였고, 이로부터 개선모델의 합리성을 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.343-363
• /
• 2017

The objective of this work was finding out the most advisable testing conditions for an effective and robust characterization of the tensile strength (TS) of concrete disks. The independent variables were the loading geometry, the angle subtended by the contact area, disk diameter and thickness, maximum aggregate size, and the sample compression strength (CS). The effect of the independent variables was studied in a three groups of experiments using a factorial design with two levels and four factors. The likeliest location where failure beginning was calculated using the equations that account for the stress-strain field developed within the disk. The theoretical outcome shows that for failure beginning at the geometric center of the sample, it is necessary for the contact angle in the loading setup to be larger than or equal to a threshold value. Nevertheless, the measured indirect tensile strength must be adjusted to get a close estimate of the uniaxial TS of the material. The correction depends on the loading geometry, and we got their mathematical expression and cross-validated them with the reported in the literature. The experimental results show that a loading geometry with a curved contact area, uniform load distribution over the contact area, loads projected parallel to one another within the disk, and a contact angle bigger of $12^{\circ}$ is the most advisable and robust setup for implementation of BT on concrete disks. This work provides a description of the BT carries on concrete disks and put forward a characterization technique to study costly samples of cement based material that have been enabled to display new and improved properties with nanomaterials.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.281-293
• /
• 2002

기존의 말뚝 설계방법들은 시공 및 재하시험 결과들로부터 축적된 말뚝거동에 대한 경험을 바탕으로 이루어 졌다고 할 수 있다. 이와 같이 만들어진 암에 근입된 말뚝의 설계에 대한 전통적인 방법들에 대해 고찰한 결과, 암에 근입된 말뚝의 경험적인 설계방법들은 설계시 상당한 불확실성을 내포하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 암에 근입된 말뚝의 주면저항을 예측하는 새로운 방법에 대한 기본원리를 고찰하였다. 이 방법으로 예측한 말뚝의 지지력은 현장에서 측정한 결과와 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 제한된 변수연구 결과이지만 본 연구를 통해 암의 거칠기와 말뚝의 직경은 암반에 근입된 말뚝의 거동에 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 알 수 있었다 또한 국내 화강편마암에 대한 현장 사례연구를 통해 이방법의 적용성을 검토하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제11권11호
• /
• pp.4483-4488
• /
• 2010

LED는 다른 광원에 비해 동작수명이 길고, 친환경적이며, 에너지 효율이 높은 장점을 가지고 있다. 최근 LED 기술의 발전으로 인해 고휘도, 고용량의 LED가 개발됨에 따라, 표시장치에만 적용되던 LED를 조명장치에도 적용하는 기술이 확산되고 있다. 파워 LED는 동작의 안정성 및 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해 구동전류를 일정한 값 이하로 유지하는 전류제한기능이 필요한데, 본 논문에서는 전류제한기능을 포함한 하프브리지 LLC 직렬공진형 컨버터를 제안한다. 하프브리지 LLC 직렬공진형 컨버터는 다른 공진형 컨버터에 비해 상대적으로 입력전압 및 출력부하 범위가 광범위한 장점이 있으며, 변압기의 누설인덕턴스를 공진인덕터로 이용할 수 있기 때문에 마그네틱 소자를 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 전류제한기능 및 역률개선기능을 포함하고 있는 출력전압 DC24[V], 200[W]급의 LED 조명장치 구동용 하프브리지 LLC 직렬공진형 컨버터의 설계 및 실험을 통해 타당성을 입증하였다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 2018

Torque tubes in High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) motor transfer torque from superconducting field winding rotor to the room temperature shaft. It should have minimum heat conduction property for minimizing the load on cryo-refrigerator. Generally, these torque tubes are made with stainless steel material because of high strength, very low outgassing and low thermal contraction properties at cryogenic temperatures and vacuum conditions. With recent developments in composite materials, these torque tubes could be made of composites such as Kevlar and S-Glass, which have the required properties like high strength and low thermal conductivity at cryogenic temperatures, but with a reduced weight. Development and testing of torque tubes made of these composites for HTS motor are taken up at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Hyderabad in collaboration with Central Institute of Plastics and Engineering Technology (CIPET), Chennai and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur. As these materials are subjected to vacuum, it is important to measure their outgassing rates under vacuum conditions before manufacturing prototype torque tubes. The present study focusses on the outgassing characteristics of Kevlar and S-Glass, using an Outgassing Measurement System (OMS), developed at IIT Kharagpur. The OMS facility works under vacuum environment, in which the test samples are exposed to vacuum conditions over a sufficient period of time. The outgassing measurements for the composite samples were obtained using pressure-rise technique. These studies are useful to quantify the outgassing rate of composite materials under vacuum conditions and to suggest them for manufacturing composite torque tubes used in HTS motors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제77권4호
• /
• pp.441-461
• /
• 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are crucial in building structures and they are of higher vulnerability to terrorist threat than any other structural elements. Thus it is of great interest and necessity to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the possible responses of RC columns when exposed to high intensive blast loads. The primary objective of this study is to derive analytical formulas to assess vulnerability of RC columns using an advanced numerical modelling approach. This investigation is necessary as the effect of blast loads would be minimal to the RC structure if the explosive charge is located at the safe standoff distance from the main columns in the building and therefore minimizes the chance of disastrous collapse of the RC columns. In the current research, finite element model is developed for RC columns using LS-DYNA program that includes a comprehensive discussion of the material models, element formulation, boundary condition and loading methods. Numerical model is validated to aid in the study of RC column testing against the explosion field test results. Residual capacity of RC column is selected as damage criteria. Intensive investigations using Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) methodology are then implemented to evaluate the influence of scaled distance, column dimension, concrete and steel reinforcement properties and axial load index on the vulnerability of RC columns. The generated empirical formulae can be used by the designers to predict a damage degree of new column design when consider explosive loads. With an extensive knowledge on the vulnerability assessment of RC structures under blast explosion, advancement to the convention design of structural elements can be achieved to improve the column survivability, while reducing the lethality of explosive attack and in turn providing a safer environment for the public.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.139-143
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 전자기 유도 발전(EMG) 기법 중 RFPM의 설계사양을 설정하고 특성 계산에 필요한 유한요소해석(FEM, 2D)을 통하여 이에 적합한 시험 시제품을 제작하였다. 또한 시험용 프로토타입의 측정, 분석을 하기위하여 전용 검사장치를 설계, 제작하였다. 검사장치로 시험품을 측정하였으며, 그 결과를 분석하여 실제 인체 운동 에너지를 이용하여 웨어러블 IT 기기의 배터리에 충전이 가능한 만큼 출력전력이 생성되어 적용할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 시험결과, 회전수 780.9rpm, 토크 0.264kgf/cm, 부하전류 73.6~73.9mA의 조건에서 출력 1.679W, 효율 79.31%로 측정되었다. 따라서 초소형 RFPM 진자 발전기의 출력으로 웨어러블 기기에 충전이 가능한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.129-147
• /
• 2022

The properties of soil are naturally highly variable and thus, to ensure proper safety and reliability, we need to test a large number of samples across the length and depth. In pile foundations, conducting field tests are highly expensive and the traditional empirical relations too have been proven to be poor in performance. The study proposes a state-of-art Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) hybridized Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS); and comparative analysis of metaheuristic models (ANN-PSO, ELM-PSO, ANFIS-PSO) for prediction of bearing capacity of pile foundation trained and tested on dataset of nearly 300 dynamic pile tests from the literature. A novel ensemble model of three hybrid models is constructed to combine and enhance the predictions of the individual models effectively. The authenticity of the dataset is confirmed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and sensitivity analysis. Ram weight and diameter of pile are found to be most influential input parameter. The comparative analysis reveals that ANFIS-PSO is the best performing model in testing phase (R² = 0.85, RMSE = 0.01) while ELM-PSO performs best in training phase (R² = 0.88, RMSE = 0.08); while the ensemble provided overall best performance based on the rank score. The performance of ANN-PSO is least satisfactory compared to the other two models. The findings were confirmed using Taylor diagram, error matrix and uncertainty analysis. Based on the results ELM-PSO and ANFIS-PSO is proposed to be used for the prediction of bearing capacity of piles and ensemble learning method of joining the outputs of individual models should be encouraged. The study possesses the potential to assist geotechnical engineers in the design phase of civil engineering projects.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.161-180
• /
• 2023

In the previous research, the axial compressive capacity models for the glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)-reinforced circular concrete compression elements restrained with GFRP helix were put forward based on small and noisy datasets by considering a limited number of parameters portraying less accuracy. Consequently, it is important to recommend an accurate model based on a refined and large testing dataset that considers various parameters of such components. The core objective and novelty of the current research is to suggest a deep learning model for the axial compressive capacity of GFRP-reinforced circular concrete columns restrained with a GFRP helix utilizing various parameters of a large experimental dataset to give the maximum precision of the estimates. To achieve this aim, a test dataset of 61 GFRP-reinforced circular concrete columns restrained with a GFRP helix has been created from prior studies. An assessment of 15 diverse theoretical models is carried out utilizing different statistical coefficients over the created dataset. A novel model utilizing the group method of data handling (GMDH) has been put forward. The recommended model depicted good effectiveness over the created dataset by assuming the axial involvement of GFRP main bars and the confining effectiveness of transverse GFRP helix and depicted the maximum precision with MAE = 195.67, RMSE = 255.41, and R2 = 0.94 as associated with the previously recommended equations. The GMDH model also depicted good effectiveness for the normal distribution of estimates with only a 2.5% discrepancy from unity. The recommended model can accurately calculate the axial compressive capacity of FRP-reinforced concrete compression elements that can be considered for further analysis and design of such components in the field of structural engineering.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.34-43
• /
• 2024

New piezoelectric and triboelectric materials for energy harvesting are being widely researched to reduce their processing cost and complexity and to improve their energy conversion efficiency. In this study, BaTiO₃ films of various thickness were deposited on Ni foams by R.F. magnetron sputtering to study the piezoelectric and triboelectric properties of the porous spongy structure materials. Then piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) were prepared with spongy structured BaTiO₃ and PDMS composite. The output performance exhibited a positive dependence on the thickness of the BaTiO₃ film, pushing load, and poling. The PENG output voltage and current were 4.4 V and 0.453 ㎂ at an applied stress of 120 N when poled with a 300 kV/cm electric field. The electrical properties of the fabricated PENG were stable even after 5,000 cycles of durability testing. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were fabricated using spongy structured BaTiO₃ and various polymer films as dielectrics and operated in a vertical contact separation mode. The maximum peak to peak voltage and current of the composite film-based triboelectric nanogenerator were 63.2 V and 6 ㎂, respectively. This study offers new insights into the design and fabrication of high output nanogenerators using spongy structured materials.