• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2023

This study examined the impact of changes in agricultural production methods on society, the economy, and the environment. While traditional open-field farming relied heavily on natural conditions, modern approaches, including greenhouse and smart farming, have emerged to mitigate the effects of climate and seasonal variations. Facility horticulture has been on the rise since the 1990s, and recently, there has been a growing interest in smart farms due to reasons such as climate change adaptation and food security. We compared open-field spinach and greenhouse spinach using agricultural income survey data, and we also compared greenhouse tomato cultivation with smart farming tomato cultivation, utilizing data from the smart farm survey reports. The economic results showed that greenhouse spinach increased yield by 25.8% but experienced a 29% decrease in income due to equipment depreciation. In the case of tomato production in smart farms, both yield and income increased by 36-39% and 34-46%, respectively. In terms of environmental impact, we also compared fertilizer and energy usage. It was found that greenhouse spinach used 29% less fertilizer but 14% more energy compared to open-field spinach. Smart farming for tomatoes saw a negligible decrease in electricity and fuel costs. Regarding the social impact, greenhouse spinach reduced labor hours by 31%, and the introduction of smart farming for tomatoes led to an average 11% reduction in labor hours. This reduction is expected to have a positive effect on sustainable farming. In conclusion, the transition from open-field to greenhouse cultivation and from greenhouse cultivation to smart farming appears to yield positive effects on the economy, environment, and society. Particularly, the reduction in labor hours is beneficial and could potentially contribute to an increase in rural populations.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.412-416
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• 2006

A magnetic field oscillator was designed and made. The oscillator was installed around a water pipe and radiated into water which was provided for vegetables cultivation. The oscillator was made with a helmholtz coil and installed a magnetic field sensor inside. The class E amplifier circuit with frequency variance was also used. Hydroponic and soil cultural methods were used for cultivation of lettuce and chinese cabbage with magnetic field water and without. Vitamin C ingredients in the lettuce and chinese cabbage which were grown with magnetic field water were 2.8 times and 1.2 times higher than without the magnetic water. Moreover, the growth acceleration effect of vegetables was shown in lettuce cultivated with the magnetic field water.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find out the influence of cultivation season for fresh parsley in modified atmosphere storage. As the qualities of fresh parsley grown in different seasons; autumn, winter, summer were compared, the chlorophyll and vitamin C showed the highest content in autumn and winter cultivation, respectively, but the firmness was the highest in summer cultivation treatment. These fresh parsleys grown in different seasons packaged with 0.04mm ceramic film and stored at $0^{\circ}C$. The shelf life of these parsleys were 84 days in winter cultivation treatment, while parsleys cultivated in autumn and summer were able to be stored for 77 days and 56 days, respectively. The fresh weight loss of parsley was much more higher in summer than in both autumn and winter cultivation treatments. The carbon dioxide and ethylene contents in packages in summer were more than twice as high in autumn and winter cultivation treatment. There were not different between autumn and winter cultivation treatment in the two kinds of gas contents. This result should be caused by higher field heat that increased a respiration remarkably during the early storage. The highest field heat produced by summer cultivation resulted in remarkable decreases of firmness, chlorophyll and vitamin C during MA storage. As the results, the fresh parsley showed highest storability in winter cultivation treatment. The field heat of fresh parsley should be eliminated just after harvest for a long term storage.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 1995

Seral changes in floristic composition during abandoned field succession after shifting cultivation was investigated in eastern Kangwon-Do, Korea. According to the DCA ordination based on the floristic composition, sere of the dominant species was shown as follows: Digitaria sanguinalis, Persicaria spp., Commelina communis etc. in the annual stage (0∼1 years); Erigeron spp., Artemisia spp., Rubus crataegus etc. in the Erigeron-Artemisia stage (2∼6 years); Pinus densiflora, Salix spp., Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta etc. in the shrub - earlier tree stage (10∼25 years); P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Spodiopogon sibiricus etc. in the mid-tree stage (25∼50 years); Q. mongolica, Tripterigium regelii, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Carex siderosticta etc. in the latter tree stage (50∼80 years). In mid-tree stage, size-frequency distribution of P. densiflora was plotted as a platycurtic curve and that of Q. mongolica as a reverse J-shaped curve, which meant P. densiflora was thinned through interspecific competition and Q. mongolica was regenerated by itself in the later tree stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 2015

In order to develop optimum paddy-upland rotation system, we evaluated the 1st and the 2nd upland growth and yield characteristics of foxtail millet, proso millet, sorghum rotated from paddy field and rice rotated from upland in paddy-upland rotation. Average number of ears per hill was 3.3 in the 2nd upland cultivation. The value was greater by 1 ear as compared to 1st upland cultivation (2.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 220.3 kg, 23% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (179 kg per 10a). In average number of ears per hill, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 8.3 ears, increased 4 ears compared to the 1st upland cultivation (4.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 152.8 kg, 16.8% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (130.8 kg per 10a). In average days from seeding to heading of 5 sorghum varieties, there were no significant difference between the 1st (68.6 days) and the 2nd (67.4 days) upland cultivation rotated from paddy field. In the average number of grains per ears, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 2,931.6 grains per ear, 12% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (2,619.6 grains per ears). Average yield per 10a of sorghum in the 2nd upland cultivation showed 242.3 kg, 4.6% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (231.7 kg per 10a). In growth and yield characteristics of rice in paddy-upland rotation, culm length in paddy-upland-paddy plot showed 82.9 cm, 7.3 cm longer compared to the continuous rice paddy field (75.6 cm). Ear length was also 1 cm longer than that of the continuous rice paddy field. In average number of ears per hill, paddy-upland-paddy plot showed 25.0 ears, 4.3 ears more than that of the continuous rice paddy field (20.7 ears per hill). In average yield of rice per 10a, the paddy-upland-paddy rotation plot showed 526.8 kg, 9.8% higher yield compared to the continuous rice paddy field (479.9 kg per 10a).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2022

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 1997

The Korean fashion industry is composed of originality, technique and business management. It is going to be the main role in the living and cultural industry in 21th century as a strategic advanced industry. On the other hand, more than 15,000 persons who majored in correlated fashion are graduated from universities, colleges, and fashion schools every year. But professional and competent persons specialized in clothings are very insufficient. So cultivation of the talented for fashion industry must be suitablely and differentially carried out, according to regional distinction or characteristics of each university, college level, institute and so on. At same time, it is for the subdivided professional educations in fashion field, also. Education institutions related fashion have to practice not only theory but also field-oriented education of fashion industry. The fashion enterprise must invest resolutely in reeducations for incoming and reading employees, too. Briefing the program of cultivating the competent as follows : (1) The execution of certification programes based on professional job series. (2) Cultivation of the talent by cooperation of industry and educational field. (3) Upbringing the specialists who have both abilities of foreign language and living cultural profession. (4) Establishment of a base oriented north-east Asia as the central fashion business. (5) Efficient using of multi-media. (6) Innovation of technology. (7) Preferential treatment of skilled labors apparel industry field. (8) Establishment of the Korean Society of Fashion Business for a bridge of industrial-educational complex and government, for cultivation of the talent. The programs of 'cultivation of the talent' must be differed from to whom', 'what', 'how long'. But the commonness in all is to need the stimulative education and creativity. Through it, 'what and how think' and 'how application' to all directions is acquired.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2008

This study was carried out to improve density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) propagule and physiochemical properties of soil by planting crops at the preplanning field for ginseng cultivation. Winter crops, such as barley and rye and summer crops, such as sudangrass and soybean were cultivated in combination to improve AMF propagation and soil aggregation at the fields. Yield of harvested crops by plating with winter or/and summer crops was $3,045kg\;10a^{-1}$ of the only rye cultivation, $2,757kg\;10a^{-1}$ of sudangrass cultivation in combination with rye growing (rye/sudangrass) and $1,628kg\;10a^{-1}$ of soybean cultivation in combination with barley growing (barley/soybean), respectively. Soil aggregation rate was improved by cultivation with barley (45.7%) and with rye/sudangrass (45.1%), respectively. The density of AMF spores in soil was increased slowly by cultivating with winter crops. In summer crops cultivation system, density of AMF spores at sudangrass cultivated field was $64.0spores\;g^{-1}$ dried soil and it was higher than that at soybean cultivated field. External hyphae length (EHL) was $1.5{\sim}2.0m\;g^{-1}$ air-dried soil at winter crops cultivated field. However, in summer crops cultivation systems, EHL was $2.6{\sim}2.9m\;g^{-1}$ airdried soil at sudangrass cultivated field and was $1.7{\sim}2.2m\;g^{-1}$ air-dried soil at soybean cultivated filed, showing these were higher than those in non-cultivated field (control). Glomalin content of soil cultivated with crops was higher than that of control soil. Especially, the highest glomalin content was shown to $1.7m\;g^{-1}$ air-dried soil in the barley/soybean cultivation systems. These results suggested that the most effective soil management to improve AMF propagule density and soil physical properties by planting crops system was cultivating sudangrass followed by barley at the preplanning fields for ginseng cultivation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.490-502
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• 2014

This study investigates the cultivation processes of major nuts and fruits such as Ginkgo biloba L., Vitis coignetiae, Actinidia arguta Planch, Rubus coreanus Miq., and Rubus crataegifolius and analyzes standard income in order to provide foundational data necessary to make reasonable policies related with the criteria of compensating the loss of forest products or diagnosis of forestry management. According to the research results, the types of cultivation by items can be largely divided into open field culture and mountainous culture. Regarding the average annual income per unit area (3.3) by items, the open field culture of Ginkgo biloba L. was 1,060 Won, mountainous culture of Ginkgo biloba L. was 618 Won, open field culture of Vitis coignetiae was 5,891 Won, mountainous culture of Actinidia arguta Planch was 8,113 Won, open field culture of Rubus coreanus Miq. was 14,701 Won, and open field culture of Rubus crataegifolius was 17,482 Won or so; thus, the average annual income of Rubus coreanus Miq. and Rubus crataegifolius was very higher than that of the other items. In particular, because the production of Rubus crataegifolius starts two years after the planting and they rely on family labor mainly for the cultivation, the expenses for employment and labor were analyzed to be low. In addition, the analysis shows that at most of the nuts and fruits cultivation, initial investment costs for facilities or seedlings occupy a great part as about 30% averagely out of the management cost, so it is thought that the government should provide proper support to vitalize the cultivation.