Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning (농촌계획)

Korean Society of Rural Planning (한국농촌계획학회)
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Comparison of Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts depending on Cultivation Methods - Based on Agricultural Income Survey Data and Smart Farm Survey Reports -

농산물 재배 방식에 따른 사회, 경제, 환경 영향 비교 - 농산물 소득조사 자료와 스마트팜 실태조사 보고서를 기반으로 -

  • Lee, Jimin (Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Taegon (Department of Smart Farm, Jeonbuk National University)
  • 이지민 (서울대학교 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 김태곤 (전북대학교 스마트팜학과)
  • Received : 2023.11.02
  • Accepted : 2023.11.24
  • Published : 2023.11.30
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Abstract

This study examined the impact of changes in agricultural production methods on society, the economy, and the environment. While traditional open-field farming relied heavily on natural conditions, modern approaches, including greenhouse and smart farming, have emerged to mitigate the effects of climate and seasonal variations. Facility horticulture has been on the rise since the 1990s, and recently, there has been a growing interest in smart farms due to reasons such as climate change adaptation and food security. We compared open-field spinach and greenhouse spinach using agricultural income survey data, and we also compared greenhouse tomato cultivation with smart farming tomato cultivation, utilizing data from the smart farm survey reports. The economic results showed that greenhouse spinach increased yield by 25.8% but experienced a 29% decrease in income due to equipment depreciation. In the case of tomato production in smart farms, both yield and income increased by 36-39% and 34-46%, respectively. In terms of environmental impact, we also compared fertilizer and energy usage. It was found that greenhouse spinach used 29% less fertilizer but 14% more energy compared to open-field spinach. Smart farming for tomatoes saw a negligible decrease in electricity and fuel costs. Regarding the social impact, greenhouse spinach reduced labor hours by 31%, and the introduction of smart farming for tomatoes led to an average 11% reduction in labor hours. This reduction is expected to have a positive effect on sustainable farming. In conclusion, the transition from open-field to greenhouse cultivation and from greenhouse cultivation to smart farming appears to yield positive effects on the economy, environment, and society. Particularly, the reduction in labor hours is beneficial and could potentially contribute to an increase in rural populations.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2022R1A2C1004302)

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