• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1165-1174
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to understand the generation mechanism of sound and to develop a prediction method for the acoustic pressure field of a centrifugal fan. If the fan is operating at the free field without the casing, the acoustic analogy is a good method to predict the acoustic of the fan. But, the casing gives a dominant effect to the radiated sound field and the scattering effect of casing should be considered. So, in this paper the Kirchhoff-BEM is developed, which can consider the scattering effect of the rigid body. In order to consider the scattering and diffraction effects owing to the casing, BEM is introduced. The source of BEM is newly developed, so the sound field of the centrifugal fan can be obtained. In order to compare the predicted one with experimental data, a centrifugal impeller and a wedge are used in the numerical calculation and the results are compared with the experimental data. Reasonable results are obtained not only for the peak frequencies but also for the amplitudes of the tonal sound. The radiated acoustic field shows the diffraction and scattering effects of the wedge clearly.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.216-221
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• 2001

The equivalent source method(ESM) is used for the calculation of the internal pressure field for an enclosure which can have arbitrary boundary conditions and may include internal objects which scatter the sound field. The advantage of using ESM is that it requires relatively low computing cost and is easy to model the internal diffracting objects. In the ESM modelling, some of the equivalent positions are chosen to be the same as the first order images of the source inside the enclosure, some are positioned on a spherical surface some distance outside the enclosure. The normal velocity on the surfaces of the enclosure walls is evaluated at a larger number of positions than there are equivalent sources. The sum of the squared difference between this velocity and the expected is minimized by adjusting the strength of the equivalent sources. This study is on the optimal equivalent source positions, the far field sources. Typically, the far field sources are evenly distributed on a surface of a virtual sphere which is centered at the enclosure with a sufficiently large radius. In this study, optimal far field source locations are searched using simulated annealing method and simulation results showed that optimally located sources gave better accuracy even with a smaller number of far field sources.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2012

목 적: Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA)는 Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC) 알고리즘에 비하여 2차선과 조직 불 균질에 대한 영향에 보다 더 정확한 선량계산을 제공한다. 본 연구는 유방암 접선조사 치료계획에서 PBC 알고리즘과 AAA의 선량계산 알고리즘에 따른 선량분포의 차이를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 선형가속기(CL-6EX, VARIAN, USA)의 6 MV 에너지를 이용한 유방암 환자 10명을 대상으로 Eclipse treatment planning system (Version 8.9, VARIAN, USA)을 사용하여 전산화 치료계획을 수립하였다. Conventional Radiation Therapy plan(Conventional plan)과 Field-in-Field Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy plan (FiF plan)을 PBC 알고리즘을 이용하여 치료계획을 수립한 후 Monitor Unit (MU)를 고정시키고 AAA로 변경하여 선량계산하고, Dose Volume Histogram (DVH)을 이용하여 치료계획을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 첫 번째, Conventional plan의 PBC 알고리즘과 AAA에 따른 차이를 평가한 결과 치료용적에 대한 평균 Conformity Index (CI) 값의 차이는 PBC 알고리즘에서 0.295 높게 평가 되었다. 동측 폐에 대한 선량을 평가한 결과 $V_{47Gy}$과 $V_{45Gy}$는 PBC알고리즘에서 각각 5.83%, 4.04% 높게 평가되었고, Mean dose, $V_{20Gy}$, $V_{5Gy}$, $V_{3Gy}$는 AAA에서 각각 0.6%, 0.29%, 6.35%, 10.23%높게 평가되었다. 두 번째, FiF plan의 경우 치료용적에 대한 평균 CI 값의 차이는 PBC 알고리즘에서 0.165 높게 평가 되었고, 동측 폐에 대한 선량은 $V_{47Gy}$, $V_{45Gy}$, Mean dose는 PBC 알고리즘에서 각각 6.17%, 3.80%, 0.15% 높게 평가되었고, $V_{20Gy}$, $V_{5Gy}$, $V_{3Gy}$는 AAA에서 각각 0.14%, 4.07%, 4.35% 높게 평가되었다. 결 론: 유방암 접선조사에서 AAA로 계산했을 때, PBC 알고리즘에 비해 치료용적에 대한 Conformity가 Conventional plan, FiF plan 각각 0.295, 0.165 낮게 평가 되며, 동측 폐의 고 선량 영역의 선량은 적게 나타나며, 저 선량 영역의 선량은 많게 나타므로 폐에 대한 선량을 평가하는 데 선량계산 알고리즘에 따른 특징을 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2013

In analysis of power transformer loss using calculation of magnetic field, Finite element method is commonly used. When using this method, calculation of magnetic field needs the very large number of elements and the performance of common work station is not sufficient to calculate the magnetic fields. In addition, the definition of boundary conditions may arise. However, When using Integral equation method, only ferromagnetic materials need to be modeled, since the domain is infinite. All the space in which the primary and secondary sources exist is regarded as free(${\mu}={\mu}_0$).

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.183-189
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• 2004

The flow and the heat transfer about the cross-flow fin-tube heat exchanger in an out-door unit of a heat pump system has been numerically Investigated. Using the general purpose analysis code, FLUENT, the Navier-Stokes equations and the energy equation are solved for the three dimensional computation domain that encompasses multiple rows of the fin-tube. The temperature on the fin and tube surface is assumed constant but compensated later through the fin efficiency when predicting the heat-transfer rate. The contact resistance is also taken into consideration. The flow and temperature fields for a wide range of inlet velocity and fin-tube arrangements are examined and the results are presented in the paper. The details of the flow are very well captured and the heat transfer rate for a range of inlet velocity is in excellent agreement with the measured data. The flow solution provides the effective permeability and the inertial resistance factor of the heat exchanger if the exchanger were to be approximated by the porous medium. This information is essential in carrying out the global flow field calculation which, in turn, provides the inlet velocity lot the microscopic temperature-field calculation of the heat exchanger unit.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.851_852
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• 2009

Shrink fitting which is assembling process to fix stator core on the motor frame is widely used at the mass production line of motors because of cost and productivity. This process produces compressive stress on a stator core, which causes negative effect for example, core and copper losses on motor performance. Magnetic properties of electrical steel are effected by both compressive and tensile and thermal stresses. Electromagnetic field analysis is considered one of the effective process since one can predict motor performance including core loss precisely. This method can consider non linear magnetic property with magnetic saturation which is typical electrical steel behavior. However this method is strongly depended on non linear magnetic data, one may have different calculation result whether considering mechanical stress or not. This study describes magnetic field analysis of a motor considering mechanical stress from shrink fitting. Analysis results are compared with each stress-free and stressed condition.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2012

The higher-order asymptotic C(t) - $A_2(t)$ approach was employed to investigate the crack-tip stress of two collinear cracks in a power-law creeping material under the plane strain conditions. A comprehensive calculation was made of the single crack, collinear crack model with S/a = 0.4 and 0.8, by using the C(t) - $A_2(t)$ approach, HRR-type field and the finite element analysis; the latter two methods were used to check the constraint significance and the calculation accuracy of the C(t) - $A_2(t)$ approach, respectively. With increasing the creep time, the constraint $A_2$ was exponentially increased in the small-scale creep stage, while no discernible dependency of the constraint $A_2$ on the creep time was found at the extensive creep state. In addition, the creep time and the mechanical loads have no distinct influence on accuracy of the results obtained from the higher-order asymptotic C(t) - $A_2(t)$ approach. In comparison with the HRR-type field, the higher-order asymptotic C(t) - $A_2(t)$ solution matches well with the finite element results for the collinear crack model.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2017

Implementation of faster pairing calculation is the basis of efficient pairing-based cryptographic protocol implementation. Generally, pairing is a costly operation carried out over the extension field of degree $k{\geq}12$. But the twist property of the pairing friendly curve allows us to calculate pairing over the sub-field twisted curve, where the extension degree becomes k/d and twist degree d = 2, 3, 4, 6. The calculation cost is reduced substantially by twisting but it makes the discrete logarithm problem easier if the curve parameters are not carefully chosen. Therefore, this paper considers the most recent parameters setting presented by Barbulescu and Duquesne [1] for pairing-based cryptography; that are secure enough for 128-bit security level; to explicitly show the quartic twist (d = 4) and sextic twist (d = 6) mapping between the isomorphic rational point groups for KSS (Kachisa-Schaefer-Scott) curve of embedding degree k = 16 and k = 18, receptively. This paper also evaluates the performance enhancement of the obtained twisted mapping by comparing the elliptic curve scalar multiplications.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.757-765
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• 1999

Lagrangian particle dispersion model(LPDM) is an effective tool to calculate the dispersion from a point source since it dose not induce numerical diffusion errors in solving the pollutant dispersion equation. Fictitious particles are released to the atmosphere from the emission source and they are then transported by the mean velocity and diffused by the turbulent eddy motion in the LPDM. The concentration distribution from the dispersed particles in the calculation domain are finally estimated by applying a particle count method or a Gaussian kernel method. The two methods for calculating concentration profiles were compared each other and tested against the analytic solution and the tracer experiment to find the strength and weakness of each method and to choose computationally time saving method for the LPDM. The calculated concentrations from the particle count method was heavily dependent on the number of the particles released at the emission source. It requires lots fo particle emission to reach the converged concentration field. And resulting concentrations were also dependent on the size of numerical grid. The concentration field by the Gaussian kernel method, however, converged with a low particle emission rate at the source and was in good agreement with the analytic solution and the tracer experiment. The results showed that Gaussian kernel method was more effective method to calculate the concentrations in the LPDM.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• 제2B권3호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

PMSMS (permanent magnet synchronous motors) are widely used in industrial applications and home appliances because of their high torque to inertia ratio, superior power density, and high efficiency. For high performance control, accurate informations about the rotor position is essential. Sensorless algorithms have lately been studied extensively due to the high cost of position sensors and their low reliability in harsh environments. A novel position sensorless speed control for PMSMs uses indirect flux estimation and is presented in this paper. Rotor position and angular velocity are estimated by the proposed indirect flux estimation. Linkage flux and magnetic field flux are calculated by the voltage equations and the measured phase current without any integration. Instead of linkage flux calculation with integral operation, indirect flux and differential magnetic field are used for the estimation of rotor position. A proper rejection technique fur current noise effect in the calculation of differential linkage flux is introduced. The proposed indirect flux detecting method is free from the integral rounding error and linkage flux drift problem, because differential linkage flux can be calculated without any integral operation. Furthermore, electrical parameters of the PMSM can be measured by the proposed TCM (time compression method) for soft starting and precise estimation of rotor position. The position estimator uses accurate electrical parameters that are obtained from the proposed TCM at starting strategy. In the operating region, a proper compensation method fur temperature effect can compensate fir the estimation error from the variation of electrical parameters. The proposed novel position sensorless speed control scheme is verified by the experimental results.