• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 1998

A conventional treatment machine shapes x-ray fields by a set of dense metal collimators(jaws) built into the machine. These collimators are positioned by the therapist using hand controls in the treatment room, and usually remain stationary during treatment. The collimator jaws of treatment machines produce rectangular beams. Conventional beam shaping is accomplished through the use of a combination of these collimator jaws and secondary custom beam blocks attached to the accelerator beyond the collimator Jaws. The jaw positions for a particular field can be retrieved from a computer. One application of this increased capability is replacement of beam blocks for field-shaping with the MLC. There are three basic applications of the MLC. The first application is to replace conventional blocking. A second function of the MLC is related to conformal therapy, adjusting the field shape to match the beam's eye view projection of a planning target volume during treatment. The third application is the use of the MLC to achieve beam intensity modulation. The aim of this paper is to provide basic principle and to state fundamental concepts needed to implement the use of a multileaf collimator in the conventional clinical setting. The use of MLC field shaping is likely to save time and to incur a lower operating cost when compared to the use of beam blocks.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.3.2-3.2
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• 2011

In recent years, inkjet printing technology has received significant attention as a micro/nanofabrication technique for flexible printing of electronic circuits and solar cells, as well for biomaterial patterning. It eliminates the need for physical masks, causes fewer environment problems, lowers fabrication costs, and offers good layer-to-layer registration. To fulfill the requirements for use in the above applications, however, the inkjet system must meet certain criteria such as high frequency jetting, uniform droplet size, high density nozzle array, etc. Existing inkjet devices are either based on thermal bubbles or piezoelectric pumping; they have several drawbacks for flexible printing. For instance, thermal bubble jetting has limitations in terms of size and density of the nozzle array as well as the ejection frequency. Piezoelectric based devices suffer from poor pumping energy in addition to inadequate ejection frequency. Recently, an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing technique has been suggested and proposed as an alternative to thermal bubble or piezoelectric devices. In EHD jetting, a liquid (ink) is pumped through a nozzle and a strong electric field is applied between the nozzle and an extractor plate, which induce charges at the surfaces of the liquid meniscus. This electric field creates an electric stress that stretches the meniscus in the direction of the electric field. Once the electric field force is larger than the surface tension force, a liquid droplet is formed. An EHD inkjet head can produce droplets smaller than the size of the nozzle that produce them. Furthermore, the EHD nano-inkjet can eject high viscosity liquid through the nozzle forming tiny structures. These unique features distinguish EHD printing from conventional methods for sub-micron resolution printing. In this presentation, I will introduce the recent research results regarding the EHD nano-inkjet and the printing system, which has been applied to solar cell or thin film transistor applications.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.847-853
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• 2016

Applications of Si have been increasingly exploited and extended to More-Moore, More-than-Moore, and beyond-CMOS approaches. Ge is regarded as one of the supplements for Si owing to its higher carrier mobilities and peculiar band structure, facilitating both advanced and optical applications. As an emerging metal-oxide device, the junctionless field-effect transistor (JLFET) has drawn considerable attention because of its simple process, less performance fluctuation, and stronger immunity against short-channel effects due to the absence of anisotype junctions. In this study, we investigated lateral field scalability, which is equivalent to channel-length scaling, in Si and Ge JLFETs. Through this, we can determine the usability of Si CMOS and hypothesize its replacement by Ge. For simulations with high accuracy, we performed rigorous modeling for ${\mu}_n$ and ${\mu}_p$ of Ge, which has seldom been reported. Although Ge has much higher ${\mu}_n$ and ${\mu}_p$ than Si, its saturation velocity ($v_{sat}$) is a more determining factor for maximum $I_{on}$. Thus, there is still room for pushing More-Moore technology because Si and Ge have a slight difference in $v_{sat}$. We compared both p- and n-type JLFETs in terms of $I_{on}$, $I_{off}$, $I_{on}/I_{off}$, and swing with the same channel doping and channel length/thickness. $I_{on}/I_{off}$ is inherently low for Ge but is invariant with $V_{DS}$. It is estimated that More-Moore approach can be further driven if Si is mounted on a JLFET until Ge has a strong possibility to replace Si for both p- and n-type devices for ultra-low-power applications.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to develop an urgent road-repair system and perform a field applicability test, as well as discover the optimum mix design for machine applications compared to the optimum mix design for lab applications. METHODS : According to reviews of the patent and developed equipment, self-propelled and mix-in-place equipment types are suitable for urgent pavement repair, e.g., potholes and cracks. The machine-application mix design was revised based on the optimum lab-test mix design, and the field application of a spray-injection system was performed on the job site. The mixture from the machine application and lab application was subjected to a wet-track abrasion test and a wheel-tracking test to calibrate the machine application. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS : This study showed that the binder content could differ for the lab application and the machine application in the same setting. Based on the wet-track abrasion test result, the binder contents of the machine application exceeded the binder contents of the lab application by 1-1.5% on the same setting value. Moreover, the maximum dynamic stability value for the machine application showed 1% lower binder contents than the maximum lab-application value. Collectively, the results of the two different tests showed that the different sizes and operating methods of the machine and lab applications could affect the mix designs. Further studies will be performed to verify the bonding strength and monitor the field application.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.549-549
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• 2012

Early detection of cancer biomarkers in the blood is of vital importance for reducing the mortality and morbidity in a number of cancers. From this point of view, immunosensors based on nanowire (NW) and carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) that allow the ultra-sensitive, highly specific, and label-free electrical detection of biomarkers received much attention. Nevertheless 1D nano-FET biosensors showed high performance, several challenges remain to be resolved for the uncomplicated, reproducible, low-cost and high-throughput nanofabrication. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) graphene and reduced GO (RGO) nanosheets or films find widespread applications such as clean energy storage and conversion devices, optical detector, field-effect transistors, electromechanical resonators, and chemical & biological sensors. In particular, the graphene- and RGO-FETs devices are very promising for sensing applications because of advantages including large detection area, low noise level in solution, ease of fabrication, and the high sensitivity to ions and biomolecules comparable to 1D nano-FETs. Even though a limited number of biosensor applications including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene film for DNA detection, single-layer graphene for protein detection and single-layer graphene or solution-processed RGO film for cell monitoring have been reported, development of facile fabrication methods and full understanding of sensing mechanism are still lacking. Furthermore, there have been no reports on demonstration of ultrasensitive electrical detection of a cancer biomarker using the graphene- or RGO-FET. Here we describe scalable and facile fabrication of reduced graphene oxide FET (RGO-FET) with the capability of label-free, ultrasensitive electrical detection of a cancer biomarker, prostate specific antigen/${\alpha}$ 1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT) complex, in which the ultrathin RGO channel was formed by a uniform self-assembly of two-dimensional RGO nanosheets, and also we will discuss about the immunosensing mechanism.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to see how artificial intelligence applications affected organizational innovation in Jordanian commercial banks. Both independent and dependent variables were measured in three dimensions: expert systems, neural network systems, and fuzzy logic systems for artificial intelligence applications variable. Product innovation, process innovation, and management innovation for the organizational innovation variable. To achieve study objectives, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of one hundred fifty-three managers in Jordanian commercial banks, who were selected according to the simple random sampling method. Except for the neural network systems dimension, which comes in at an average level, the study indicated that there is a high level of organizational innovation and artificial intelligence applications. Furthermore, the findings revealed that artificial intelligence applications have a significant impact on organizational innovation in Jordanian commercial banks, with the most important artificial intelligence application being a fuzzy logic system. The study suggested keeping track of technological advancements in the field of artificial intelligence applications and incorporating them into banking operations by benchmarking with the best commercial bank practices and allocating a portion of the budget to technological applications and infrastructure development, as well as balancing between technology use and information security risks to ensure client privacy is protected.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.72-72
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• 2012

The next generation electronics need to not only be smaller but also be more flexible. To meet such demands, electronic devices using two dimensional (2D) atomic crystals have been studied intensely. Especially, graphene which have unprecedented performance fulfillments in versatile research fields leads a parade of 2D atomic crystals. In this talk, I will introduce the electrical characterization and applications of graphene for prominently electrical transistors realization. Even the rising 2D atomic crystals such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and organic thin film for field effect transistor (FET) toward competent enhancement will be mentioned.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

To substitute conventional reinforced-concrete bridge deck glass composite precast bridge deck - Delta $Deck^{TM}$, which possesses advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and durability, is developed for the DB24 truck load. Pultruded composite bridge deck is designed and fabricated. In this paper some field applications and field load test of developed composite deck bridge are presented.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.696-699
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• 2004

Of the emissive display technologies, field emission displays using pasted carbon nanotubes offer several advantages over other competing cathode materials such as low driving voltage, possible large-area and low-cost processes. In this study, formulation of carbon nanotube paste and its electron field emission properties are characterized. Also the effects of additive powders and surface morphology on electron emission are reported.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.635-644
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• 2003

To ensure the reliability of ultrasonic nondestructive testing techniques for modern structural materials, the effects of anisotropy and inhomogeneity and the influence of non-planar component geometries on ultrasonic wave propagation have to be taken into account. In this article, fundamentals and applications of two analytical approaches to three-dimensional elastic beam field calculation are presented. Results for both isotropic materials including curved interfaces and for anisotropic media like composites are presented, covering field profiles for various types of transducers and the modeling of time-dependent rf-signals.