• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2013

Soil organic carbon (SOC) has the potential to promote the soil quality for sustainability and mitigation of global warming. There is little information on organic carbon composition despite of having resistance of carbon degradation in soil. In this study, to understand the effect of volcanic ash on organic carbon composition and quantity in soil, we investigated characteristics of volcanic soil and compared organic carbon composition of soil and humic extract by using $^{13}C$-CPMAS-NMR spectra under soil profiles of Namweon series in Jeju. SOC contents of inner soil profiles were 134.8, 101.3, and 27.4 g C $kg^{-1}$ at the layer of depth 10-20, 70-80 and 90-100 cm, respectively. These layers were significantly different to soil pH, oxalate Al contents, and soil moisture contents. Alkyl C/O-alkyl C ratio in soil was higher than that of humic extracts, which was decreased below soil depth. Aromaticity of soil and humic extract was ranged from 29-38 and 24-32%, which was highest at the humic extract of 70-80 cm in soil depth. These results indicate that the changes of SOC in volcanic ash soil resulted from alteration of organic composition by pyrolysis and stability of organic carbon by allophane in volcanic ash soil.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1688-1696
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• 2020

Soil physical and chemical characteristics, soil potential denitrification rates (PDR), community composition and nirK-, nirS- and nosZ-encoding denitrifiers were studied by using MiSeq sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) technologies base on short-term (5-year) tillage field experiment. The experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), no-tillage with crop residue retention (NT), and rotary tillage with crop residue removed as control (RTO). The results indicated that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and NH₄⁺-N contents were increased with CT, RT and NT treatments. Compared with RTO treatment, the copies number of nirK, nirS and nosZ in paddy soil with CT, RT and NT treatments were significantly increased. The principal coordinate analysis indicated that tillage management and crop residue returning management were the most and the second important factors for the change of denitrifying bacteria community, respectively. Meanwhile, this study indicated that activity and community composition of denitrifiers with CT, RT and NT treatments were increased, compared with RTO treatment. This result showed that nirK, nirS and nosZ-type denitrifiers communities in crop residue applied soil had higher species diversity compared with crop residue removed soil, and denitrifying bacteria community composition were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria. Therefore, it is a beneficial practice to increase soil PDR level, abundance and community composition of nitrogen-functional soil microorganism by combined application of tillage with crop residue management.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1998

The effects of different fertilizer management on herbage production and botanical composition were determined. Field experiments were conducted during 1991 - 1993 on sandy loam soil at Allgiu south western Germany under variabling fertilizer management; cattle slurry, NPK, PK chemical fertilizer management and zero fertilization. The dry matter yield of forage was the highest in the plot of mineral fertilizer and lowest in the plot of without fertilization. The dry matter yield of P-K application was higher by 1.2 ton than that of without fertilization. The content of crude protein, crude fibre, digestible dry matter yield, net energy and nitrogen content of plants was not significantly different among different fertilizer management. N uptake of plants was in the order NPK chemical fertilizer (347kg N/ha) > cattle slurry (337kg N/ha) > P-K chemical fertilizer (325kg N/ha) > without fertilization (3 15kg N/ha).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of animal stable manure on the dry matter yield, botanical composition, crude protein content rates, in vitro digestibility and soil characters with treatments, which were divided into cattle manure, swine manure and poultly excreta of 375 and 750kg/lOa, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A comparison made on the grass yield for one year period following the termination of the experiment did not indicate any signification in the yield of dry matter difference between chemical fertilizer treatment and 750kg/10a of organic manure. 2. Botanical composition was not shown an increasing of weed or bare land in organic manure of 375 and 750kg/lOa application during the whole period of growth. 3. Crude protein content and in vitro digestibility were shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure application. 4. Crude protein yield in organic manure of 750kg/10a was not a large difference compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. 5. Soil composition of organic manure had higher than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment, which was shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure. 6. Therefore, It was suggested that the effect of organic manure on dry matter yield, botanical composition was similar to chemical fertilizer treatment and soil composition of organic manure had higher organic matter, available phosphate, potassium and C.E.C than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 1999

Effect of three major cropping seasons and five fertilizer treatments on botanical composition, nutritional composition and in sacco digestibility of native grasses grown in 30 experimental plots of a medium fertile land was determined. It was observed that all the major grass species were grown in all seasons but their predominancy of growth was different. During the study the predominant grass species were Panicum repens (Angta), Fimvristylis miliacea (Joina), Cyanolis axillaries (Kanainala), Cynodon dactylon (Durba) and Cyperus iria (Phulchaise) which contributed about 27, 20, 13, 11 and 9% of the total grass yield, respectively. Dry matter (DM) contents was higher in dry followed by monsoon and summer seasons (p<0.05). Crude protein (CP) content in the summer and monsoon appeared to be higher (p<0.05) than that of dry season. Organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were higher (p<0.05) in dry and monsoon than in summer season. Application of urea fertilizer and cowdung increased 28.2% of CP content of the grasses, but decreased 19.5 and 9.8% of DM and NDF contents, respectively. The potential degradation of DM and CP of the grasses grown in summer were 4.1 and 8.4% and 3.9 and 5.8% higher than those of monsoon and dry seasons, respectively, and both of these increased (11.3 and 5.9%, respectively) with the application of cowdung and urea fertilizer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 1991

With a purpose of finding out the effects of cattle slurry applicatioin on the dry matter yield, yield component, and botanical composition in the mixed sward, a field experiment was conducted with two times and five levels of cattle slurry application. The experimental field was laid.out in a split-plot design with three replications, and lasted from September. 1986 to October, 1990 at the Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. At each harvest time, the plant growth of the plots with cattle slurry application was slightly worse when compared to dressing of mineral fertilizer. 2. Average dry matter yield for 4 years was not significantly different between the slurry application times, just after cutting, and 15 days after cutting, The DM yield in the plot with cattle slurry 30 m!/ha and mineral fertilizer(9,095 kg/ha) and with cattle slurry 60 m1/ha and mineral fertilizer(8, 987 kg/ha) were decreased by 8% and 10% than that of the plot with mineral fertilizer application(9,937 kg/ha), respectively. 3. The DM yield component of the plots with cattle slurry application just after cutting was much better when compared to manuring 15 days after cutting. And it was much better in the plot with cattle slurry 60 m"/ha and mineral fertilizer which was composed of 73.8% grasses(6.636 kg/ha). 24.6% legumes (2,207 kdha) and 1.6% weeds(144 kdha). 4. In general, the botanical composition was relatively good in the plots with slurry application just after cutting. Grassland vegetation of the plots with cattle slurry 60 m"/ha and mineral fertilizer was changed into much better botanical composition with 66.8% grasses, 30.2% legumes and 3. 1% weeds at the end of the experiment.xperiment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 1993

With a purpose of finding out the effects of phosphatic fertilizer application at the grassland establishment and management on the botanical composition, mineral content of grasses and the chemical properties of soil. a field experiment was arranged with four treatments as a randomized complete block design and lasted from September, 1989 to October, 1991 in hilly area near Suweon. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The botanical composition of grassland that phosphatic fertilizer was not applied was poor and the rate of legumes was increased with phosphatic fertilizer application and the effect of phosphatic fertilizer applications was obvious at the grassland management. 2. The mineral contents, N. P, Ca, Mg of grasses were increased with phosphatic fertilizer application but the K/Ca+Mg equivalent ratio of grasses was lowered and K content and Ca/P ratio tended not to be regular. 3. The available phosphorus contents and exchangable cation, Ca, Mg, contents of grassland soil were increased with phosphatic fertilizer applications but potasium contents tended not to be regular. 4. It was necessary to apply phosphatic fertilizer for the establishment and management of grassland. The botanical composition of grassland that phosphatic fertilizer was not applied at the establishment could be corrected into good stand with continuous phosphatic fertilizer applications at the management.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.388-392
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• 2016

The objectives of fertilizer recommendation are to prevent the application of excessive fertilization and to produce target yields. Also, optimal fertilization is important because crop quality can be influenced by fertilization. In this study, yields and fertilizer use efficiency of Taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) were evaluated in different level of NPK fertilization. N, P and K fertilizer application rates were 5 levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200%) by practical fertilization ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=180-100-150kg\;ha^{-1}$), respectively. In the N treatment, the yields of Taro tuber were about $33Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from 90 to $360kg\;ha^{-1}$ N fertilization. However, the ratio of tuber to total biomass decreased with increasing N fertilization rate. In the P and K treatments, yields of Taro tuber were the highest at $150kg\;ha^{-1}$ fertilization. Fertilizer use efficiency was decreased by increase of N and K fertilization. Crude protein of Taro tuber was the highest at practical fertilization. Sucrose content of tuber was influenced by phosphate application.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.228-233
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• 1993

Method for the sun curing dehydration of pig excreta by using vinyl house was described. We determined effects of the dehydrated pig excreta on the yields of whole crop corn and proximate chemical composition of whole crop corn. Pig excreta were dehydrated upto 15% of moisture content by the 3-4 days of sun curing dehydration in vinyl house in the summer period. There was no significant difference between the dehydrated pig excreta treatment and the chemical fertilizer treatment on dry matter(DM) content, DM yield and crude protein contents of whole crop corn. Ca and Mg contents by the dehydrated pig excreta treatment were lower than those by thechemical fertilizer treatment. In the contrast, K content by the dehydrated pig excreta treatment was higher than those by the chemical fertilizer treatment. and dehydrated pig excreta treatments were higher in K/Ca+Mg ratio than chemical fertilizer treatment. These results suggested the availability of the sun curing dehydration of pig excreta in vinyl house in small-scale animal industry. In addition, the dehydrated pig excreta treatment showen similar effects to the chemical fertilizer treatment on dry matter yields and contents of chemical composition of whole crop corn. These results suggest that using the sun curing dehydration of pig excreta could reduce the chemical fertilizer cost. However, we need more study to the relationship between the unbalanced mineral contents and animal health.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cutting frequency and level of fertilizer application on the botanical composition and forage yield of alpine pasture. Field experiment was established at 600 m (a.s.1) altitude with two cutting frequency schedules (two and three times annually) and two levels of fertilizer application (lower level of fertilizer, 200-200-200 kg / ha and standard level of fertilizer, 280-200-240 kg / ha; N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$, respectively). Higher grass to clover ratio was observed in two cutting frequencies. The clover ratio was highest as $16\%$ in thee cutting frequencies with lower level of fertilizer application End the ratio of weed was low in all treatments ($3.7 {\~} 6.7\%$). No significant difference was observed in forage dry matter (DM) yield among treatments, however forage DM yield in three cutting frequencies tended to be greater in standard level of fertilizer application compared to lower level of fertilizer application. The forage quality was greater in three cutting frequencies, but not changed with different levels of fertilizer application. This result indicates that three cutting frequency and standard level of fertilizer application system are considered to be proper management methods at alpine grassland of 600 m altitude considering the botanical composition, forage DM yield md forage quality.