• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the additive value of prenatal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in assessing increased nuchal translucency (NT) (≥3.5 mm) with normal karyotype and the possibility of detecting clinically significant genomic imbalance, based on specific indications. Materials and Methods: Invasive samples from 494 pregnancies with NT ≥3.5 mm, obtained from the Research Center of Fertility & Genetics of Hamchoon Women's Clinic between January 2019 and February 2020, were included in this study and CMA was performed in addition to a standard karyotype. Results: In total, 494 cases were subjected to both karyotype and CMA analyses. Among these, 199 cases of aneuploidy were excluded. CMA was performed on the remaining 295 cases (59.7%), which showed normal (231/295, 78.3%) or non-significant copy number variation (CNV), such as benign CNV or variants of uncertain clinical significance likely benign (53/295, 18.0%). Clinically significant CNVs were detected in 11 cases (11/295, 3.7%). Conclusion: Prenatal CMA resulted in a 3% to 4% higher CNV diagnosis rate in fetuses exhibiting increased NT (≥3.5 mm) without other ultrasound detected anomalies and normal karyotype. Therefore, we suggest using high resolution, non- targeting CMA to provide valuable additional information for prenatal diagnosis. Further, we recommend that a genetics specialist should be consulted to interpret the information appropriately and provide counseling and follow-up services after prenatal CMA.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2012

19세기부터 현재까지 산업화된 국가들을 중심으로 출산율이 급락하고 있는 전세계적인 현상은 진화적인 관점에서 선뜻 이해하기 어렵다. 왜 자원이 더 풍부해진 현대에 들어서 사람들은 자식수를 자발적으로 줄이는가? 본 논문은 현대의 저출산 현상을 설명하는 다양한 진화적 접근들을 요약하고, 이를 토대로 우리 사회의 저출산 문제를 해결할 실마리를 얻고자 한다. 1) 현대의 극히 낮은 출산율은 수렵-채집 생활에 맞추어진 우리의 심리적 적응이 진화적으로 낯선 환경과 불협화음을 일으킴에 따른 부적응적인 부산물이라는 가설, 2) 사회적으로 성공한 사람들이 자녀를 적게 낳는 행동이 전파되거나, 가족 중심의 네트워크가 붕괴하여 출산의 중요성이 덜 강조됨에 따라 저출산이 야기되었다는 유전자-문화 공진화 가설, 그리고 3) 부모가 자녀에게 투자하는 양이 대단히 많이 요구되는 현대의 환경에서 극심한 저출산은 부모의 장기적인 적합도를 최대화하는 적응적인 형질이라는 가설을 차례대로 검토한다. 저출산에 대한 진화적 관점은 저소득층의 출산을 지원하는 정책보다는 모든 사회경제적 계층에서 자녀를 장차 경쟁력 있는 성인으로 키우기 위한 비용을 줄이는 정책을 추진하는 것이 더 효과적임을 시사한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1879-1885
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• 2021

Objective: Owing to the lack of a breeding index for efficient and quick fertility evaluations of Holstein bulls when using traditional or genome-wide detection methods, this study aimed to determine whether in vitro fertilization (IVF) could be used as an indicator of conception rate of artificial insemination (AI). Methods: Conventional and sexed frozen semen from nine bulls were used for IVF and AI. Results: The IVF and AI conception rates of each bull were confirmed to be positively correlated between the conventional frozen and sexed frozen semen. The correlation coefficient R values of nine bulls between IVF and AI methods were 0.73 and 0.97 for the conventional frozen and sexed frozen semen, respectively. The average conception rate of three bulls undergoing AI was 69.5% and 64.2%, 61.8% and 58.8%, and 48.2% and 46.2% in first-, second-, and third-born cows when conventional frozen and sexed frozen semen were used, respectively, which showed a positive correlation with the fertilization rate in the same parity. We propose an evaluation standard to assess the fertilization ability of bulls based on their IVF test results, which is categorized into three grades: grade one, normal fertility bull with an AI conception rate of 40%±5% and IVF rate of 45% to 60%; grade two, higher fertility bull with an AI conception rate of 50%±5% and IVF rate of 61% to 80%; and grade three, highest fertility bull with an AI conception rate of 60%±5% and IVF rate of >80%. Conclusion: These findings reveal that IVF results can be used as a breeding index for bulls to evaluate their AI conception ability, which may shorten the time required to select bulls for breeding.

• 한국인구학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.30-41
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• 1986

It is worthwhile to compare the major social indicators between Korea the and Taiwan particularly focusing on population because two countries share close similarities in many aspects and gave access to the advanced level among the developing countries in recent years. Similarities or dissimilarities presented in this paper will be helpful to the researchers and the policy makers of the two countries by giving them insight on the situation. The similarities and dissimilarities between the two countries in the field of demography and social indicators are summarized as follows : 1. Similarity indicators can be found in fertility. One of them is Net Reproduction Rate and it was less than one in both countries in 1985. The past trend of fertility, in fact level and pattern of it, of the two countries from 1960 to 1985 has been very similar. 2. Level and pattern of mortality is quite different between two countries. Mortality level of Taiwan is lower than that of Korea. 3. The close similarity between two countries was shown in population structure and aging index. 4. On future population projection, the population structure and the level and pattern of fertility of the two countries are very similar. During fourty years, the period from the current population growth rate which is a little more than 1% to the zero growth rate, the annual population growth rate of the two countries is approximately 0.6% and that is similar to those of the current industrialized countries. According to the medium variant of the projection, Korean population will reach Zero Growth Rate between 2020 and 2025 whereas Taiwan between 2025 and 2020 5. Current level of contraceptive prevalence of both countries is very similar showing above 70% of the eligible women in 1985 and one of the valuable factors of achieving this high rate within short period must be the national program of the family planning. A close cooperation in the field of population policy formulation and its implementation is indispensable because Korea and Taiwan have similarity in many population indicators.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1983

본시험은 산란노계의 인공수정에 있어서의 적정주정간격을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 580일령 백색레그혼 수탉 20수, 530일령 갈색실용산란계암탉 120수를 공시하였으며, 시험기간중의 평균산란율은 61.6%이었고 공시란은 2,283개이었다. 주정간격 T$_1$ 2일, T$_2$, 4일, T$_3$ 6일의 3개 처리구를 설정하여 혼합정액을 1회 0.03$m\ell$씩 주입하였다. 6일마다 알을 수집, 부화 5일만에 투시검란하였던 바 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전시험기간중의 주정간격별 평균수정율은 T$_1$(2 일) 87.5%, T$_2$(4 일) 81.1%, T$_3$(6 일)65.1%로서 T$_1$과 T$_3$, T$_2$와 T$_3$ 사이에 5% 수준의 유의차가 인정되었다. 주정후의 일별수정율의 평균은 각구 모두 주정 후 제2일이 가장 높아서 T$_1$, 90.7%, T$_2$, 84.0%, T$_3$, 71.7%이었으며, 그 이후는 점진적으로 조금씩 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 본시험결과를 종합컨대 노산란계에 있어서의 적정주정간격은 2일이라 하겠으며, 전반적으로 주정회수를 거듭함에 따라 수정율이 점증하였는데 2일간격 주정의 경우 최고수준의 수정율(98.2%)에 도달하는 주정회수는 6회차 이었다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.137-163
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• 2010

본 연구는 인구조사 통계자료를 이용하여 개인적, 가족적, 사회적 요인들이 부산광역시의 지속적인 낮은 출산율과 어떻게 관련되어 있는지 살펴보며, 출산율을 높이기 위한 가족친화환경조성에 관한 정책들도 제시하고자 하였다. 최근 몇 년간 부산광역시의 출산율은 전국의 광역시도 중 가장 최저로 나타났으며 부산지역의 특징을 보여주고 있다. 출산율은 만혼 및 임신의 고령화, 혼인율 감소, 높은 이혼율, 미혼여성들의 결혼기피현상, 남성들의 전통적 성역할태도, 맞벌이 남성들의 저조한 가사분담참여, 낮은 결혼만족도와 가족생활만족도, 높은 낙태율과 같은 복합적인 가족학적 요인들과 가족정책, 자녀양육시설의 이용가능성, 교육비 및 사회와 기업의 가족친화 수준과 같은 보다 광의의 특성들 때문에 낮게 나타난다. 부산 여성들은 전통적 성역할 규범과 관습이 유지되는 사회 환경에서 맞벌이를 하는 경우에도 과중한 가사노동을 수행하고 있었고, 부부의 결혼만족도도 전국평균보다 낮았는데 부인의 결혼만족도는 남편에 비해 전국평균보다 더욱 낮게 나타났다. 부산광역시의 출산율 향상을 위하여 이 요인들의 시사점들과 가족 친화적 정책제안들도 8가지 측면에서 논의되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2011

Although Korean population has been growing steadily during the past four decades, the nation is rapidly becoming an aging society because of its declining birth rate combined with an increasing life expectancy. In addition, Korea has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world due to fewer married couples, advanced maternal age, and falling birth rate. The prevalence of low birth weight infants and multiple births has been increased compared with the decrease in the birth rate. Moreover, the number of congenital anomalies is expected to increase due to the advanced maternal age. In addition, the number of interracial children is expected to increase due to the rise in the number of international marriages. However, the maternal education level is high, single-mother birth rate is low, and the gender imbalance has lessened. The number of overweight babies has been decreased, as more pregnant women are receiving adequate prenatal care. Compared to the Asian average birth weight, the average birth weight is the highest in Asia. Moreover, the rate of low birth weight infants is low, and infant mortality is similarly low across Asia. Using birth data from Statistics Korea and studies of birth outcomes in Korea and abroad, this study aimed to assess the changes in maternal and infant characteristics associated with birth outcomes during the past four decades and identify necessary information infrastructures to study countermeasures the decrease in birth rate and increase in low birth weight infants in Korea.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2000

This study was carried out to examine the effects of animal manure on efficiency of the nitrogen utilization of silage corn (Zea mays L.) and soil fertility. The experiment was conducted on the field plot at Gongiam, Kwangju, Kyunggi-Do for 3 years, from 1996 to 1998, and arranged in split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were two kinds of composts such as swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS) and swine manure fermented without sawdust (SMF). Subplots were the nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400kgNhalyear). The nitrogen (N) yield increased as the nitrogen fertilization rate increased up to a rate of 300 kg Nha, but decreased at rate of 400 kg Nlha. Nitrogen yield in SMF treatments was higher than that of SMFWS treatments. But there were no significant differences between SMFWS and SMF treatments. Organic matter (OM) content of the soils in SMFWS was higher than that of SMF, &d was not significantly different between SMFWS and SMF treatments. OM content increased with increasing the nitrogen fertilization rate. Total nitrogen (TN) content of the soils increased as the nitrogen fertilization rate increased. No difference of TN content was found between SMFWS and SMF treatments. (Key words : Swine manure, Compost, Corn, Sawdust, Nutritive value)

• 정보화정책
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.20-35
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 육아에 대한 공포 등 심리적 요인이 출산율에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 2000년~2018년까지 육아에 대한 부정적인 기사가 전체 사회 기사에서 차지하는 비중을 바탕으로 지표를 산출하였다. 지표 분석 결과, 지표가 증가하면 3년 뒤의 출산율은 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 상관관계 분석, 단순 회귀분석, VAR 분석에서도 일관적으로 나타났다. 그랜져 인과관계 분석 결과, 지표와 3년 뒤 출산율의 관계는 단순 상관관계가 아닌 인과관계에 있음을 알 수 있었다. 연령대별로도 차이를 보였는데, 20~30대 여성의 출산율은 지표에 유의한 반응을 보였으나, 40대 출산율은 반응을 보이지 않았다. 또한 지표가 상승하면 1아 출산율에는 영향을 미치지만, 2아/3아 이상의 출산율에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 여성의 나이가 어릴수록 육아에 대한 부정적인 기사에 영향을 많이 받지만, 이미 출산/육아를 경험해본 사람들에게는 큰 영향을 미치지 못한다는 직관과도 일치한다. 본 연구는 뉴스 빅데이터를 단순한 키워드 언급량 변화 모니터링이라는 한정된 용도를 벗어나, 사회 현상을 예측하는데 유의미한 지표를 추출해 냈다는데 의미가 있다. 또한 이러한 빅데이터 기반의 지표는 출산율에 대한 3년의 선행성이 있기 때문에 미리 감지할 수 정보를 제공한다는 장점이 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1421-1423
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• 2003

Cross fertility between wild Japanese quail and domestic quail was explored in an experiment conducted on 18（3♂, 15♀）wild Japanese quails in Weishan Lake area, 18（3♂, 15♀）medium-sized domestic quails and 18（3♂, 15♀）pint-sized domestic quails, which were divided into nine groups. This study demonstrated that wild quail could succeed in crossing with domestic quail,producing fertilized eggs and hatching first filial generation. The findings indicated that there were no reproduction isolation between the wild Japanese quail and domestic quail, and that the best cross combination was between wild male quail and medium-sized domestic female quail, in which the fertility rate and hatchability of fertilized eggs amounted to 42.86% and 29.63% respectively. Based on the results, a new way could be adopted to protect, exploit and utilize genetic resources of wild quail.