• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2017

The authors evaluated the scavenging activities of ABTS+ radical, hydroxy radical (OH), nitric oxide (NO), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) from ethanol extracts of four edible alga, Enteromorpha linza, Porphyra tenera, Sargassum fusiforme, and Undaria pinnatifida. ABTS+ scavenging activity was analyzed according to the method of Brand-Williams et al. ABTS+ scavenging activity of S. fusiforme was evaluated to 61.8% at 8.0 mg/ml. ABTS+ scavenging activity of P. tenera was evaluated to 35.7% at 8.0 mg/ml. P. tenera and U. pinnatifida showed similar inhibitions of ABTS+ scavenging activity. According to the results of the OH assay in seaweed, inhibitory activities were in the order of S. fusiforme > P. tenera > U. pinnatifida > E. linza. The results showed scavenging activity for NO in the following order of potency: S. fusiforme > P. tenera > U. pinnatifida > E. linza with concentration values of 8.0 mg/ml. The NO scavenging activities of dough, which was instant noodles mixed with S. fusiforme and 3.5% salt, were 27.2% at 8.0 mg/ml. After boiling for 5 minutes, FRAP scavenging activity of instant noodles mixed with extracts of U. pinnatifida was evaluated to 31.5% at 8.0 mg/ml. S. fusiforme showed the highest inhibition activity of ABTS+, OH, NO, and FRAP among the four algae. Thus, these findings provide evidence that P. tenera, U. Pinnatifida, S. fusiforme, and E. linza extracts could become sources of natural antioxidants.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2017

We evaluated the antioxidant properties of Lentinula edodes upon sawdust bag cultivation with 5 oak substrates: Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. aliena, and Q. variabilis. We found that the optimal extraction conditions were 70% (v/v) methanol shaken at 150 rpm at $25^{\circ}C$ and 150 rpm for 24 h. The methanolic extracts from L. edodes contained high phenolic and flavonoid contents, they also exhibited stronger antioxidant activities. The total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents of the mushroom extracts ranged from 2.37 to 3.12 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried mushroom (mg GAE/g) and 0.48 to 0.48 milligrams of quercetin equivalents per gram of dried mushroom (mg QE/g), respectively. In addition, the mushroom extracts exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (15.8% to 89.4%) at 2 to 10 mg/mL, ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.153 to 0.425) at 5 to 20 mg/mL, and reducing power (0.078 to 0.359) at 5 to 20 mg/mL, respectively. Q. aliena more effectively increased total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities than the other oak substrates.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2008

In this study, the effect of pH on the antioxidative activities of melanoidins formed as a result of the reaction between sugars, glucose (Glc) or fructose (Fru), and amino acids, L-asparagine (L-Asn) and D-asparagine (D-Asn) are examined. For this purpose, antioxidative activities were evaluated on the basis of reducing power, including ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and free radical scavenging activity includes 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazil (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and ferrous ion chelating activity. Ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) and trolox, a water-soluble analog of tocopherol, were used as reference antioxidant compounds. The antioxidative activities of the melanoidins at a pH of 7.0 were greater than those with a pHs of 4.0 and pH 10.0. Especially, it was found that the melanoidins formed from D-isomers are more effective antioxidants in different in vitro assays. The reducing power and chelating activity of the melanoidins formed from the Fru systems were higher than those of the melanoidins formed from the Glc systems. However, the ABTS radical scavenging activity of the melanoidins formed from the Glc systems were higher than those of the melanoidins formed from the Fru systems. In particular, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the FRAP of the melanoidins showed different antioxidative activities according to pH level.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2019

The present study were conducted to determine physiological activities and antioxidant effects [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Fe2+ (ferrous ion) chelating capacity] of 70% methanol, chloroform:methanol, 2:1 volume ratio (CM) and ethyl acetate extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Bioactive compound of tannin $0.125{\pm}0.007mg$ Catechin Equivalent (CE)/g dry weight. Turmeric extracts yield were 70% methanol 16.54%, CM 5.64% and ethyl acetate 4.14%, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the samples exhibited a dose-dependent increase. Results showed that extraction solvent had significant effects on total flavonoid content and antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate. But ferrous ion-chelating capacity of 70% methanol extract was higher than CM and ethyl acetate extract. From the results of this study, turmeric can be utilized as a valuable and potential nutraceutical for the functional food industry.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.622-632
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• 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the physiological activities and oxidation inhibitory action. The effects of various solvents (distilled water DW, 70% ethanol and n-butanol) on the total phenolics content (TPC) of turmeric and their corresponding biological activity were studied. Bioactive compound of total saponin $7.506{\pm}0.349mg\;SE/g$ dry weight. Turmeric extracts yield were DW (17.11%), 70% ethanol (15.26%) and n-butanol (4.12%), respectively. Oxidation inhibitory action of the samples exhibited a dose-dependent increase. However, in the current study, none of the samples evaluated showed activity as strong as the BHA, ascorbic acid and EDTA. Results showed that extraction solvent had significant effects on TPC and oxidation inhibitory action (DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power) of n-butanol. Turmeric exhibited the antioxidant properties, which suggests that the plant material could be used for further studies as a potential source for bioactive and natural antioxidant.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

The antioxidant and neuronal cell protective effects of water extract from purple sweet potato were investigated. The total phenolics and monomeric anthocyanin contents of purple sweet potato extract were 44.25 mg/g and 2,394 mg/L, respectively. The antioxidant activities of purple sweet potato extract were evaluated using various antioxidant tests, including 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino- bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power. In these assays, the extract of purple sweet potato presented significant radical scavenging activities, FRAP, and reducing power in a dose-dependent manner. MTT {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl- tetrazoliumbromide} reduction assay showed significantly increase in cell viability when PC12 cells were pretreated with purple sweet potato extract. Because oxidative stress is also known to increase neuronal cell membrane breakdown, we further investigated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neutral red uptake assay. Purple sweet potato extract inhibited oxidative stress-induced membrane damage in neuronal cells. Therefore, these data results demonstrated that water extract of purple sweet potato have antioxidant activity and neuronal cell protective effect thus it has great potential as a natural source for human health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1104-1113
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• 2014

The effects of feeding pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) as a natural antioxidant source on the performance and milk quality of dairy cows fed highly polyunsaturated fatty acid (FA) diets were evaluated. Four lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latinsquare. Treatments, on a dry matter (DM) basis, were i) control diet; ii) 3% soybean oil; iii) 3% soybean oil and 9% PCP and; iv) 3% soybean oil and 18% PCP. When cows fed on citrus pulp, the DM intake tended to decrease. The total tract apparent digestibility of DM and ether extract decreased when cows fed on the control diet compared to other diets. Cows fed PCP had higher polyphenols and flavonoids content and higher total ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in milk compared to those fed no pelleted citrus pulp. Cows fed 18% PCP showed higher monounsaturated FA and lower saturated FA in milk fat compared with cows fed the other diets. The lowest n-6 FA proportion was in milk fat from cows fed control. The present study suggests that pelleted citrus pulp added to 9% to 18% DM increases total polyphenols and flavonoids concentration, and the FRAP in milk.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2018

To use mountain ginseng adventitious roots (MGAR), which is superior in functionality compared to ginseng, and to mass produce raw materials as a functional cosmetic material, the antioxidant and cosmeceutical activities of the extracts of MGAR at different ethanol concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) were compared and analyzed. At first, different ethanol concentrations were compared to determine the best solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds from MGAR. An 80% ethanol extract with 10.07 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g sample and 0.94 mg of quercetin equivalents/g sample was the best solvent in the extraction of phenolic compounds. However, the 60% ethanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity, evident by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (35.01 mM Trolox/g sample) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (460.94 mM $FeSO_4/g$ sample). However, the inhibitory activities of the 80% ethanol extract from the MGAR against tyrosinase and elastase were higher than those of the other extracts. The results of this study show that the extract of MGAR can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidant and as a possible cosmetic ingredient in the cosmeceutical industry. However, the components responsible for the antioxidant and cosmeceutical activities of the MGAR extracts are currently unclear. Therefore, it is suggested that further studies should be carried out to isolate and identify the antioxidant and cosmeceutical components in MGAR.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

P. linteus (Korea Sanghwang, PLKS) and P. baumii (Jangsoo Sangwhang, PBJS) were artificially cultivated under the same conditions. Fruiting bodies were extracted using 70% methanol, 60% ethanol, and hot water. Phenol and flavonoid contents were optimally extracted using 60% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of 60% ethanol extracts from fruiting bodies and mycelia from each Sanghwang mushroom species were measured using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbisthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities, and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). The antioxidant activities of fruiting bodies were relatively higher in comparison to those of mycelial samples. In high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, styrylpyrone-class poly phenolic compounds, davallialactone, hispidin, hypholomine B, and inoscavin A were detected in fruiting body samples of two Sanghwang mushroom species, but not in their mycelial samples.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2019

Antioxidants are involved in the defense mechanism against the attack of free radicals. This study was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity of new variety of Glycyrrhiza cultivar radix, Wongam and Sinwongam. Dissolved freeze dried Wongam and Sinwongam extracts were filtered by $0.2{\mu}m$ filter and serially diluted at the concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$, $50{\mu}g/mL$, $100{\mu}g/mL$, $500{\mu}g/mL$, and $1000{\mu}g/mL$. The antioxidant potential was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-rthylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical cation decolorization assay, nitrite radical scavenging assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. DPPH radical scavenging activities (i.e. the highest value $50.9{\pm}0.8%$ by Wongam and $82.6{\pm}1.1%$ by Sinwongam), ABTS radical scavenging activities (i.e. the highest value $88.1{\pm}1.8%$ by Wongam and $98.6{\pm}0.1%$ by Sinwongam), and nitrite radical scavenging activities (i.e. the highest value $87.3{\pm}1.6%$ by Wongam and $89.8{\pm}0.8%$ by Sinwongam) increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ferric reducing power activities also increased in a dose-dependent manner. The FRAP value of Wongam and Sinwongam extracts were $0.72{\pm}0.03$ and $0.99{\pm}0.06$ compared to ascorbic acid, as a positive control, was $1.32{\pm}0.02$. These results suggested that Wongam and Sinwongam have beneficial effects as a potent antioxidant.