• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제8권
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• pp.39-43
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• 1967

원료(原料)를 달리하는 탁주숙성요중 일반성분(一般成分)과 paper chromatography method에 의(依)한 유기산(有機酸) 당류(糖類)를 검출(檢出)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전당합량(全糖含量)이 가장 많은 전분(澱粉)으로된 전분숙성요중에 주정량(酒精量)이 가장 많았다. 2. 유기산(有機酸)은 백미요중에 lactic acetic succinic fumaric malic citrle acid 6 종(種)이 들어있어 가장 많고 따라서 유기산함량(有機酸含量)에 따라 탁주풍미(濁酒風味)가 좌우(左右)됨을 알수 있다. 3. 당(糖)의 종류(種類)는 원료중(原料中)에 총6종(總6種) glucose, sucrose fructose, maltose, raffinose, xylose 이고 숙성요중에는 이보다 적은 수(數)로 glucose, sucrose, fructose, xylose 4종(種)을 나타내고 있어서 원료중(原料中)에 더 많음을 알 수 있다. 4. 백미숙성요중에서 검출(檢出)된 유기산함량(有機酸含量)만큼 전분요나 소맥분요중에 유기산(有機酸)을 함유(含有)케함이 주질(酒質)를 향상(向上)시키는 방법(方法)이라고 생각된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권2호통권98호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2007

The effects of fermentation agent and fermentation temperature on the quality of Bori-sangoedduk We examined the effects of fermentation agent and fermentation temperature on the quality characteristics of Bori-sangoedduk a traditional dduk(rice cake) from Jeju, Korea. Bori-sangoedduk was prepared by mixing wheat flour, barely flour, and Borisul or Takju as the fermentation agent the mixture was then fermented at 30, 35, and $40^{\circ}$C. for 3 hr, and steamed. The L- value of the Takju group was higher than that of the Borisul group, and the samples fermented at $30^{\circ}$C in each group had higher than L-values than those fermented at $35^{\circ}$C and $40^{\circ}$C . The a- and b-values did not differ significantly by the fermentation agents and fermentation temperatures. The loaf volume of the Borisul group was higher than that of the Takju group however, there were no significant differences according to fermentation temperature. The values of hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness were lower in the Borisul group than in the Takju group due to a greater number of pores and surface cracks. Hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness values were highest at fermentation temperatures of 30, 35, and $40^{\circ}$C , respectively, in both groups, compared to samples at other temperatures. In the acceptance test, the Takju group was preferred over the Borisul group for appearance, texture, taste, flavor, and overall preference. There were also statistically significant preferences in taste, flavor, and overall preference for samples fermented at $40^{\circ}$C , in both groups, compared to those fermented at $30^{\circ}$C and $35^{\circ}$C. In the descriptive test, there were no differences in color according to fermentation agent and fermentation temperature, however, the Takju group was shinier than the Borisul group. In addition, the Takju group was harder and springier than the Borisul group, and had less sour taste and flavor than the Borisul group. Finally, in terms of overall preference, we found that Bori-sangoedduk made with Takju and fermented at $40^{\circ}$C for 3 hr was the best formula, due particularly to its taste and flavor.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2016

본 연구에서 도토리가루의 일반성분, pH, 총 폴리페놀함량, 전자공여능, 호화도를 분석한 결과와 내냉동성 효모 및 비타민 C를 첨가하고 도토리가루의 첨가량을 달리한 반죽을 -$18^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 냉동저장하면서 매주 꺼내어 해동하여 발효시킨 현미증편반죽의 품질특성을 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 도토리가루의 총페놀함량, 전자공여능, 도토리가루의 호화개시 온도(To)와 피크온도(Tp) 그리고 종료온도(Tc)는 각각 3525.12 mg%, 16.71%, $68.41^{\circ}C$, $73.83^{\circ}C$, $82.96^{\circ}C$이었다. 도토리가루 첨가량 및 냉동저장기간에 따른 도토리현미증편 냉동반죽의 효모수 변화에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 냉동저장기간에 따른 시료의 $CO_2$ 발생량은 도토리가루 6% 첨가군 에서만 냉동저장 1주일에 증가하였다가 3주일 이상 냉동저장시에 약간 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 냉동저장기간에 따른 도토리현미증편 냉동반죽의 효모수 변화가 없었고 $CO_2$ 발생량도 도토리가루 6% 첨가군 에서만 3주일 이상 냉동저장시에 약간 감소하였으므로, 내냉동성 효모의 사용은 도토리현미증편 냉동반죽의 개발을 가능하게 하였다. 또한 냉동반죽의 제조 시에 항산화활성을 지니는 총 폴리페놀함량과 전자공여능이 높은 도토리가루의 첨가가 바람직하다고 생각되었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.640-650
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• 2013

Soy sauce, a basic ingredient in Asian cuisine, is made of fermented soybeans, salt, water, and barley or wheat flour. The sensory characteristics of soy sauce are not only determined through its main ingredients but also by various flavor compounds produced during the fermentation process. This study was conducted to identify the sensory attributes of five different commercial soy sauce samples that differ in Meju types (traditional Meju or modified Meju) and usage types. Thirty three sensory attributes, including appearance (1), odor (16), flavor (14), and mouthfeel (2) attributes, were generated and evaluated by eight trained panelists. The collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance and principal component analysis. There were significant differences in the intensities of all sensory attributes among the soy sauce samples. Soy sauce made with traditional Meju had high intensity of fermented fish, beany, musty odors and salt, Cheonggukjang, fermented fish flavors. Whereas two soy sauces made with modified Meju were strong in alcohol, sweet, Doenjang, roasted soybean flavors. Two soy sauces for soup made with modified Meju had medium levels of briny, sulfury, fermented odors and bitter, chemical flavors and biting mouthfeel characteristic.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.546-560
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• 2013

In this study, a natural fermentation starter formulation was developed for manufacturing Korean bread products by substituting baker's yeast with naturally fermented blueberry starters. As the incubation time of the blueberry extracts increased, the pH and total titratable acidity increased. The sweetness (brix%) of blueberry extracts containing various amounts of sugar were higher than the other sample. The result of alcoholicity for naturally fermented blueberry extracts, the fermented blueberry extract containing 20% sugar was highest. Lactic acid bacteria counts increased until the 4th day; however, it decreased from the 5th day, and viable yeast counts increased consistently until the 5th day. The volume for naturally fermented blueberry extracts increased as the incubation time increased. As the fermentation time of blueberry starters increased, the pH of bread dough decreased. The RVA analysis conveyed that wheat flour retrogradation was retarded by increasing the blueberry starter content. The weight of pan breads containing blueberry starters were higher than that of the control, while the volume, specific volume and baking loss rate were lower than those of the control. The moisture content of pan breads containing blueberry starter decreased as storage time increased. In analyzing the visible mold colony during 7 days of storage at $28^{\circ}C$, mold growth in pan breads containing the blueberry starter was retarded. The hardness of breads containing blueberry starters were significantly increased as storage time increased. The breads containing 50% naturally fermented blueberry starter have acceptable sensory properties. In conclusion, these results indicated that 50% of natural fermentation blueberry starter could be very useful as a substitute for yeast when making naturally fermented bread.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2008

간과 콩팥의 보강 기능, 어지럼증과 귀가 우는 것 예방, 야뇨증과 요실금, 체내활성 산소를 제거하여 노화예방 효능이 있는 것으로 알려진 산수유분말을 밀가루에 대하여 $0{\sim}3%$ 첨가하여 제조한 식빵에 반죽의 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 반죽의 특성조사 결과 색도 L값 b값은 산수유 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였고 a값은 증가하였다. 반죽의 호화도 측정 결과 호화 온도, RVA는 대조구가 가장 높게 나타났고 산수유분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌다. 반죽의 farinograph 측정 결과 반죽의 consistency, 반죽의 발전 시간, 반죽 안정도 모두는 대조구가 가장 높게 나타났고, 산수유 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 반죽의 alveograph 측정 결과 최대압력 P값은 대조구가 가장 낮았고, 산수유 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 또한 반죽 신장도 G값은 대조구가 가장 낮았고, 산수유 분말 1% 첨가구가 가장 높게 나타났다. 반죽의 발효 팽창력 측정 결과는 대조구가 가장 낮게 나타났고 산수유 분말 첨가량이 첨가할수록 높게 나타났다. 식빵의 외관 측정결과 대조구의 기공이 가장 안정되었고 산수유 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 불안정한 상태를 나타냈다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.590-593
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• 2007

The textural properties of doughs mixed with L-ascorbic acid (AA), trypsin hydrolyzed gluten peptide (THGP), and a mixture of AA-THGP were investigated using texture analyzer under the fermentation of the full formula and the freezing process. The full formula dough (FFD) required a shorter mixing time than the flour and water formula dough (FWD). The maximum resistance (Rmax) values of both the unfrozen and frozen doughs were lower for the FFD. The effects of AA and THGP additions were not significant (p<0.01) in FFD, however, they were significant in FWD. The freezing effect was significant (p<0.0001) for FFD, indicating that yeast fermented dough was much more sensitive to damage from freezing, which subsequently affected dough strength. Additions of AA (p=0.0026) and THGP (p=0.0097) had a significant effect on the extensibility (E-value) of unfrozen FWD, where THGP increased and AA decreased the E-value. However, freezing did not significantly effect the extensibilities of FWD (p=0.64) or FFD (p=0.21). The area of FFD was lower than the area of FWD for both the unfrozen and frozen doughs. However, the frozen dough mixed with THGP alone had the largest area overall. The addition of additives did not result in significantly different (p<0.01) areas under the curve, except in the frozen FFD. Freezing caused a statistically significant difference in the area of FWD (p=0.0045).

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권1호통권97호
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• pp.107-123
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• 2007

There were fifty two kinds of fermented soybean sauce before 17th century thirteen recorded in ${\ulcorner}$Sangayorock${\lrcorner}$, two in ${\ulcorner}$Sasichanyo${\lrcorner}$, one in ${\ulcorner}$Yongjechongwha${\lrcorner}$, nine in ${\ulcorner}$Soowonjabbang${\lrcorner}$, one in ${\ulcorner}$Domoondaejak${\lrcorner}$, six in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyoebogam${\lrcorner}$, four in ${\ulcorner}$Gushangchalyo${\lrcorner}$, five in ${\ulcorner}$Guhwangboyubang${\lrcorner}$, two in ${\ulcorner}$Yorock${\lrcorner}$, four in ${\ulcorner}$Chisengyoram${\lrcorner}$ and five in ${\ulcorner}$Joobangmoon${\lrcorner}$. These books had thing to know when making fermented soybean sauce like kinds of soybean sauce, how to make it, its ingredients and quantities to be used, how to make fermented soybean sauce in haste, and how to remake wrong made fermented soybean sauce, etc. Before 17th century, fermented soybean malt was divided into two kinds the only soybean malt and the mixed soybean malt that had bean, wheat, wheat flour and wheat bran. The bean only soybean malt was further divided into mashed soybean malt (Beans were steamed and mashed into past.) and unmashed soybean malt (Beans maintained their shape without being mashed.) while mashed soybean malts were made in Winger, in January of February, unmashed and mixed soybean malts were made in Summer, in July. When made fermented soybean sauce, mashed and unmashed soybean malts were used as they were and mixed soybean malt was dried and powdered for use. Fermented soybean sauce before 17th century could be classified by the features of soybean malts being used, Normal fermented soybean sauce was made from bean only soybean malts and other ingredients. Shi(시) was made from unmashed soybean malts, in which beans maintained their shape, and Gowhajang and Jeupjang were made from mixed soybean and wheat bran. Fermented soybean sauce was also made from old fermented soybean sauce, yeast. water leftover after boiling bean leaves, and soybean chaff without soybean malt. There were also side dish type soybean sauce like Kongjaban today and fish and meat sauce made from flesh ingredients. To make fermented soybean sauce in haste, the soybean sauce was heated. Beside there were how to maintain fermented soybean sauce and how to remake wrong made fermented soybean sauce.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.450-457
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 콩 비린내가 감소되고 고소한 풍미가 증진된 볶은 콩에 다양한 볶은 곡류 분말을 혼합하여 Bacillus subtilis HA 고초균을 이용한 고체발효를 행하였다. 발효 원료의 수분함량 및 발효 시간에 따른 결과 볶은 콩 분말 대비 수분 1배 첨가된 초기 수분함량 52.6%에서 24시간 발효 후에 protease 활성이 42.6 unit/g으로 높았으며, 점질물 함량 역시 10.60%로 높았다. 발효 48시간째 tyrosine 함량과 protease 활성이 24시간째보다 높게 나타났으나, 발효취가 강하게 생성되어 발효 24시간이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 곡류 분말(보리, 현미) 종류에 따른 발효조건 최적화를 위해 실시한 결과 현미 첨가 시 점질물 함량이 유의적으로 증가되었고 특히 80% 첨가 시 24.55%로 대조구에 비해 약 2배 향상되었고, 보리는 60% 첨가 시 혈전용해효소 활성이 11.8 unit/g으로 대조구에 비해 약 2배 증진된 것을 확인하였다. 혈전용해효소 활성이 가장 우수했던 볶은 콩 대비 보리 60% 첨가 발효물에 청국장에서 분리한 균주 4가지를 접종하여 혈전용해효소 활성 및 비타민 $K_2$ 함량을 각각 알아 본 결과 B. subtilis HA가 11.8 unit/g, 2.36 ${\mu}g/g$으로 가장 효과적이었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2007

In this study, we optimized the production of ${\gamma}-polyglutamic$ acid (PGA) in soybean milk cakes (SMC) fermented with Bacillus subtilis GT-D and B. subtilis KU-A, to be utilized as a functional food ingredient. PGA production was dependent upon the glutamate content, fermentation time, and type of Bacillus sp. The consistencies of the SMCs fermented by B. subtilis GT-D and B. subtilis KU-A were highest after 36 hr of fermentation, and then decreased gradually. The SMC fermented by B. subtilis KU-A had a higher consistency than the SMC fermented by B. subtilis GT-D. In the presence of 10% defatted soy flour (DFS), 5% glutamate in the SMC was efficiently converted into polyglutamic acid (PGA) for 24 hr, indicating a conversion yield above 96%, but its conversion then decreased with higher concentrations of glutamate. The soluble solid content (mucilage) of the SMC fermented with B. subtilis KU-A was 9.5%(w/w), and composed of 65.6% PGA (Mw 1,536 kDa) and some polysaccharides. However, the SMC fermented with B. subtilis GT-D had a mucilage content of 7.8%(w/w), and was composed of 66.4% PGA (Mw 1,409 kDa), 11.5% levan, and some polysaccharides. The viscoelastic values of the mucilage obtained using B. subtilis KU-A were much higher than those of mucilage obtained using B. subtilis GT-D. Also, the G'-value (elastic modulus) was higher than the G"-value (viscous modulus).