• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2010

A phytoremediation study has been conducted to see if some known aquatic plants can remove the pesticides, endosulfan-${\alpha},\;{\beta}$ and fenitrothion which are frequently used in the crop protection and golf course management, and are likely to exist as residual pollutants in the aquatic ecosystems. Among the five aquatic plants tested in the microcosms, water lily Nymphaea tetragona Georgi showed the highest degradation efficacies (85~95%) for the three pesticides as opposed to the control(13~26%). The efficacies for the other plants were in the range of 46~80% in the order of Pistia stratiotes, Cyperus helferi, Eichhornia crassipes, and Iris pseudoacorus. Fenitrothion, an organo-phosphorus pesticide, was much more vulnerable to the phytoremediation than the organo-chlorine pesticides, endosulfan-${\alpha}$ and endosulfan-${\beta}$. The kinetic rate constants ($min^{-1}$) for removal of the three pesticides were more than 10 times higher than the control (non-planting) in case of Nymphaea tetragona Georgi. This aquatic plant showed kinetic rate constants about 2 times as much as the lower kinetic rate constants shown by Iris pseudoacorus. The reason for the highest degradation efficacy of water lily would be that the plant can live in the sediment and possess roots and broad leaves which could absorb or accumulate and degrade more pollutants in association with microbes. These results indicate that some of the selected aquatic plants planted near the agricultural lands and wetlands could contribute to remediation of pesticides present in these places, and could be applicable to protection of the aquatic ecosystems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.125-130
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• 2004

This study has been assessed the influence of applying sewage sludge to soil amendments on the sorption properties, and leaching potential of three commonly used organophosphorus pesticides, Diazinon, Fenitrothion, and Chlorpyrifos. A sandy soil with a low content of organic carbon was treated with sewage sludge with a ratio sandy soil : sludge ratio of 30:1. The sorption was determined with the batch equilibrium technique. The sorption isotherms could be described by Freundlich equation. The Freundlich constant, K value which measures sorption capacity, were 3.97, 9.94, 22.48 for Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Chlorpyrifos in non-amended soil. But in amended soil, K value was 12.58, 28.47, and 61.21 for Diazinon, Fenitrothion, and Chlorpyrifos. The overall effect of sewage sludge addition to soil was to increase pesticides adsorption, due to the high sorption capacity of the organic matter. The effect of sludge on tile leaching of pesticides in the soil was studied using packed soil columns. Total recoveries of pesticides in soil and leachate with leaching in soil column, were in the range of about 73～84%, was reduced with the passage of time. Diazinon moved more rapidly than Chlorpyrifos in the unamended soil due to greater sorption and lower water solubility of Chlorpyrifos. Total amounts of pesticides leached from the sewage sludge amended soils were significantly reduced when compared with unamended soils. This reduction may be mainly due to and increase in sorption in amended soils, as a consequence of the increase in the organic matter content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.7-10
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• 2001

Adsorption of the pesticides (phosphamidon, fenitrothion, triadimefon and diniconazole) in natural zeolite (CL $I_{N}$) and several synthetic zeolites was incestigated. The pesticides were not adsorbed on zeolites (Na-Pl, SOD, ANA, JBW and CAN) synthesized from Jeju scoria. The distribution coefficient ( $K_{D}$) and the Freundlich constant ( $K_{F}$) decreased in the following sequences. FC $C_{W}$ (waste catalytic cracking catalyst)>FA $U_{F}$ (FAU Synthesized from coal fly ash)>(FAU+Na-Pl)$_{SF}$ (the mixture of FAU and Na-Pl synthesized from the ratio of Jeju scoria 6 to coal fly ash 4 by weight)>CL $I_{N}$ among the zeolites; diniconazole>fenitrothion> triadimefon>phosphamidon. As the temperature was increased, the amount of pesticide adsorbed per unit mass of zeolite increased for FC $C_{W}$, FA $U_{F}$ and (FAU+Na-Pl)$_{SF}$ but it decreased for CL $I_{N}$, for all the pesticides used in this study. It was independent of pH for phosphamidon, fenitrothion and triadimefon, but decresed as pH was increased for all the zeolites used in this study.y.udy.y.y.y.y.y.y.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1257-1261
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• 2009

We present the theoretical and experimental results of $^{31}P$ NMR and low energy CID MS/MS study of $Hg^{2+}$ binding to fenitrothion (FN). The calculated $^{31}P$ NMR chemical shifts order for FN with $Hg^{2+}$ complex is in good agreement with experimental $^{31}P$ NMR chemical shifts order. The experimental and theoretical $^{31}P$ NMR study of organophosphorus pesticide with $Hg^{2+}$ gives to important information for organophosphorus pesticide metal complexes. ESI-MS and low energy CID MS/MS experiments of $Hg^{2+}$-FN complexes combined with accurate mass measurements give insight into the metal localization and allow unambiguous identification of fragments and hydrolysis products.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1103-1115
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• 2022

The adsorption characteristics of four pesticides (phosphamidon, fenitrothion, triadimefon, and diniconazole) on natural clinoptilolite (CLI_N) and three synthetic zeolites were investigated. The synthetic zeolites included faujasite (FAU_F) synthesized from coal fly ash; the mixture of FAU and Na-P1 (FAU + Na-P1)_SF synthesized using Jeju scoria and coal fly ash at the ratio of 1.5 by weight; and waste fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC_W). The distribution coefficient, K_D and the Freundlich constant, K_F decreased in the following sequence: FCC_W > FAU_F > (FAU + Na-P1)_SF > CLI_N among the zeolites and diniconazole>fenitrothion> triadimefon> phosphamidon among the pesticides. The pesticide adsorptivity increased with increasing temperature for FAU_F, (FAU+Na-P1)_SF and FCC_W, however, it decreased for CLI_N, regardless of the type of pesticide. The adsorptivity of pesticides was independent of pH for phosphamidon, fenitrothion and triadimefon, whereas it decreased with increasing pH for diniconazole, regardless of zeolite type.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

The susceptibility of Ectinohoplia rufipes, insect pest of landscaping trees in golf courses to registered insecticides in golf courses was investigated. In addition, effect of host plants, Ainus firma, Prunus serrulata var. spontanae, and Osmantus asiaticus on susceptibility of E. rufipes were tested in laboratory with efficacy of some insecticides in laboratory and fields. The insecticides used in experiments were cabaryl 40%+phosalone 20% WP, chlorpyrifos-methyl 25% EC, chlorpyrifos 20% + diflubenzuron 7% n, deltamethrin 1% EC, ethopenprox 8% +diazinon 25% WP, and fenitrothion 50% EC. Mortalities of E.rufipes were 100% except chlorpyrifos-methyl. when A. firma leaves dipped in recommended concentration of given insecticides were supplied as food to adult of E. rufipes. LC$_{50}$s of insecticides were different depending on host plants, that is, those of deltamethrin were 0.21 ppm in Ο. asiaticus, 0.45 ppm in P. serrulata var. spontanae, and 0.77 ppm in A. firma. LC$_{50}$s of fenitrothion were 24.1 ppm, 64.0 ppm, and 11.0 ppm and those of chlorpyrifos-methyl were 97.2 ppm, 40.6 ppm, and 29.6 ppm, respectively. LC$_{50}$ was the lowest in Ο. asiaticus and that of chlorpyrifos-methyl and fenitrothion was the lowest in A. firma. Deltamethrin was the most effective against adult of E. rufipes in field like in laboratory and persisted in two weeks.weeks.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1984

The present study was aimed to investigate persistence of dichlorvos EC, fenitrothion EC, fenthion EC, and phenthoate EC in and on mulberry leaves with special reference to silkworm mortality and cocoon production under greenhouse condition. The halflives of fenitrothion, fenthion, and phenthoate in and on mulberry leaves were ranged from two to three days, while that of dichlorvos was less than 9 hours. The insecticide residues in and on mulberry leaves persisted longer in spring cropping season than in autumn cropping season. Elapsed periods from last application of each insecticide to leaf harvest for silkworm feed and maximum residue limits for safe cocoon production as well as relations between insecticide residues in and on mulberry leaves and silkworm mortality were produced.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2002

Studies were conducted to investigate the control effects of several insecticides on Apolygus(=Lygocoris) spinolae(Meyer-Dur) and to develop its management strategies in grapevine yards. Of insecticides which were applied by farmers in commercial grapevine yards, chlorpyrifos, parathion, fenvalerate, and esfenvalerate$.$fenitrothion showed good control effects against A. spinolae. In designed field experiments of fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos for the evaluation of A. spinolae control, both insecticides showed high control efficacy of 94.8 and 91.6%, respectively. The damage of A. spinolae was examined in a grapevine yard, where five different combinations of application timing and number were treated with fenitrothion to assess yield losses (average cluster weight) by A. spinolae. There were no significant differences among average cluster weights of sprayed vines; 466.0 g in sprayed vines on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded stage, 460.7g in sprayed vines on flower separating stage, 465.0 g in sprayed vines each on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded and flowers separating stage, and 487.4 g in sprayed vines each on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded, flowers separating and fruit set stage. Weights of fruit clusters of unsprayed vines was significantly lower than those of sprayed vines. Based on yield and spray cost, chemical control on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded stage produced higher net income than each spray on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded and flower separating stage (i.e., two times of spray), and produced similar net income as each spray on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded, flowers separating and fruit set stage (i.e., three times of spray). Thus, the 2 to 3 leaves unfolded stage was economical spray timing to controlA. spinolae in grapevine yards. Also, management strategies for A. spinolae were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.56-56
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• 1999

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 1986

Some of organophosphate pesticides which are the most heavily used in Korea, were examined for their effects on the murine immune system. Immunotoxicological assay parameters adaopted in this study were Arthus reaction for humoral immunity, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction for cell mediate immunity, carbon clearance for macrophage function and susceptiility to tumor challenge. Subchronic exposure of rodents to the pesticides resulted in the marked suppression of immune functions and enhancement of susceptibility to tumor challenge. Among the pesticides tested (fenitrothion, fenthion, diazinon and EPN), fenitrothion was the most suppressive in Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction.