• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.215-219
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• 2011

Along with the rapid increase of the elderly population, our country is facing the elderly problem as a social issue due to nuclear family, the increase of female social activities and recognition changes about the elderly support. In this connection, the welfare services to protect the overall elderly is requested urgently and the countries which have been experiencing aging earlier than our country are studying a lot a community daycare method which delays moving of the elderly into facilities as long as possible, reduces costs and efficiently provides services in order to curtail the big burden to the national economy. As one of these solutions, there is the elderly daycare center and this can be considered to be a compromising service type to correspond to our social changes, make individual and social supports without damage to the sense of value about support. Therefore, the space for the elderly can keep up with the falloff of mental and physical functions, dementia and geriatric diseases according to aging and careful consideration about the space considering stability and convenience is required. At this point, this study has the purpose to plan a daycare center which reflects the characteristics of the elderly to protect them within the community safely and comfortably. As for the research method, case study was conducted to understand the overall situation on the space plan of the daycare center for 5 daycare centers located in Seoul and found out problems. In addition, interview research was conducted for the heads of daycare centers or social workers, care workers and photographing and drawing collection were performed simultaneously. From the generalization of the above study, a space plan for a daycare center considering the characteristics of the elderly was provided.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the buccal and lingual bone thickness in the anterior teeth and the relationship between bone thickness and the tissue biotype. Methods: Three male and two female human cadaver heads (mean age, 55.4 years) were used in this study. First, the biotype of periodontium was evaluated and categorized into a thick or a thin group. Next, full thickness reflections of the mandible and the maxilla to expose the underlying bone for accurate measurements in the anterior regions were performed. After the removal of the half of the alveolar bone, the probe with a stopper was used to measure the thickness of bone plate at the alveolar crest (AC), 3 mm apical to the alveolar crest (AC-3), 6 mm apical to the alveolar crest (AC-6), and 9 mm apical to the alveolar crest (AC-9). The thickness of the buccal plates at the alveolar crest were $0.97{\pm}0.18\;mm$,$0.78{\pm}0.21\;mm$, and $0.95{\pm}0.35\;mm$ in the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines, respectively. The thickness of the labial plates at the alveolar crest were $0.86{\pm}0.59\;mm$, $0.88{\pm}0.70\;mm$, and $1.17{\pm}0.70\;mm$ in the mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, respectively. Conclusions: The thickness of the labial plate in the maxillary anteriors is very thin that great caution is needed for placing an implant. The present study showed the bone thickness of maxillary and mandibular anteriors at different positions. Therefore, these data can be useful for the understanding of the bone thickness of the anteriors and a successful implant placement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.272-280
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• 2017

This article compares the content of a Korean movie, Miss Granny, and its Chinese adaptation, 20 Years-old Again. Popular in both countries, two movies are based on a same synopsis with similar characters and plots. With similarities, they also display differences originating from distinct social, cultural, and political conditions in each society. Firstly, Miss Granny displays women in Korea closer to mother figures than any other social roles, while 20 Years-old Again does more individualized and sexually active female images. Secondly, the former shows Korean men as the heads of houses in the Confucius tradition, but the latter does Chinese men more demoted and democratized. Thirdly, the former depicts the Confucius social caste system still surviving against oblivion, as the latter does the system being able to be overcome by serving the country. As main reasons of these differences, this article takes historical, social, and cultural differences that both societies have experienced from the early $20^{th}$ century.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.183-206
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• 2013

Using Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (wave 1~11) database, this study analyzed the poverty duration of the poor as a whole and by households' characteristics. For this purpose, I first estimated poverty exit rates and reentry rates applying discrete-time hazard model to the sample, and then calculated poverty duration combining these two probability rates. The results show that about a half of poor households are transitory (short-term) poor with 1~2 years of poverty duration. A quarter is chronic (long-term) poor lasting for 5 or more years of poverty duration. The remained quarter can be categorized as the recurrent or mid-term poor. The socioeconomic characteristics of households greatly affect poverty duration. Long-term poverty is prevalent among female-head households, elderly households, single households, or households headed by a person with a lower level of education. If households' heads do not work, or work as temporary or daily-employed workers, the poverty duration tends to be longer. The findings suggest that the poor consist of various social classes with different characteristics. Efficient anti-poverty policy should be based on thoroughly identifying the specific characteristics and needs of each class.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2111-2114
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• 2016

Opisthorchiasis is a health problem in Thailand particularly in northeast and north regions where have been reported the highest of cholangiocarcinoma. Active surveillance is required, therefore a cross-sectional surveyed was conducted in Nong Bunnak sub-district of Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. A total of 367 participants were selected by multistage sampling from 5 villages located near natural water resources. Participants completed a predesigned questionnaire containing behavior questions regarding liver fluke disease, covering reliability and validity knowledge (Kuder-Richardon-20) = 0.80, attitude and practice (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) = 0.82 and 0.79, respectively. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The majority of the participants were female (58.3%), age group between 21-30 years old (42.5%), with primary school education (59.9%), occupation in agriculture (38.1%), and married (80.9%). They had past histories of raw fish consumption (88.3%), stool examination (1.4%), anti-parasite medication used (4.6%). Heads of villages, village health volunteers, television, and village newstations were the main sources for disease information. Participants had a moderate level of behavior regarding liver fluke disease. The mean scored of knowledge regarding liver fluke life cycle, transmission, severities, treatment, prevention and control was 10.9 (SD=0.5), most of them had a moderate level, 95.1%. The mean score for attitude regarding liver fluke prevention and control was 45.7 (SD=9.7), and for practice was 30.6 (SD=10.5). Participants had a moderate level of attitude and practice, 94.5% and 47.7, respectively. This study indicates that health education is required in this community including stool examination for liver fluke as further active surveillance screening.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.169-179
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• 1996

This study was carried out to examine the role of small cells and oval cells in cholangiocarcinogenesis in the hamsters infected with Clonorchis(C) sinensis. Forty two female Syrian golden hamsters were divided into two groups. Group I was for the induction of the cholangiocarcinoma, which was infected orally with C sinensis and given dimethylnitrosamine(15ppm) in drinking water for 4 weeks. Group II was served as control. More than 5 heads of hamsters in each group were sacrificed at 4, 7, 11 and 15 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. The livers were examined histopathologically, electron microscopically and immunohistochemically. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Cholangiocarcinomas were occurred in 1 of 6 animals at 11 weeks and in 4 of 6 animals at 15weeks after the beginning of the experiment. 2. Small cells and oval cells were proliferated around the portal triads from 4 weeks and peaked at 11 weeks, and slightly decreased after then. 3. The strong positive reaction to the $\alpha$-fetoprotein was shown in many of small cells and oval cells. But ductlike oval cells, which were arranged rosette form, showed week positive reaction to the $\alpha$-fetoprotein. 4. Most of small cells and oval cells showed negative reaction to the cytokeratin. But weak positive reaction in ductlike oval cells, and moderate positive reaction in cholangiocarcinoma cells were observed. These results suggested that cholangiocarcinoma induced by infection of C sinensis was believed to originate from the proliferated small cells around the portal triads which would be able to differentiate to the oval cells, ductlike oval cells, and cholangiocarcinoma cells gradually.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.146-152
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The cortical bone thickness on the anterior region is important for achieving implant stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bones on the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-five cadaver heads were used (16 male and 9 female; mean death age, 56.7 years). After the long axis of alveolar process was set up, it was measured in 5 levels starting from 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (L1) at intervals of 3 mm. All data was analysed statistically by one-way ANOVA at the .05 significance level. RESULTS. The cortical bone thickness according to measurement levels in both the labial and lingual sides increased from L1 to L5, and the lingual side below L3 was significantly thicker than the labial side on the maxilla and mandible. In particular, the labial cortical bone thickness in the maxilla was the thinnest compared to the other regions. The cancellous bone thickness according to measurement levels increased from L1 to L5 on the maxilla, and on the mandible it was the thinnest at the middle level of the root. CONCLUSION. For implant placement on the anterior region, a careful evaluation and full knowledge on the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bone are necessary, therefore, these results may provide an anatomic guideline to clinicians.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2006

This case was found in Holstein cow suffering from dystocia. The twin calves in uterus were dead and removed by fetotomy. Gross anatomical analysis of thoracopagus siamese calf was carried out. Two normal heads were present on two necks, however, the twins were fused in the thoracic region. There were four forelimbs and an abnormal orientation of ribs. Two separate vertebral columns along the length of the animal ended with two tails. A single pericardium lay on the midline when opening the thorax. However, there were two almost completely hearts within the pericardial sac. Two heart were joined by a common cavernous venous sinuous. There were two sets of lungs. Each twins had a separate esophagus that entered a separated stomach. A large liver was fused and connected into two duodenums. The pelvis, large intestines and urinary tracts were separated. The twins are female and have a full complement of limb.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.83-98
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest of plantar pressures using the F-Scan system over speeds and plantar regions. 6 healthy female subjects in 20's were recruited for the study. Plantar pressure measurements during locomotor activities can provide information concerning foot function, particularly if the timing and magnitude of the loading profile can be related to the location of specific foot structures such as the metatarsal heads. The Tekscan F-Scan system consists of a flexible, 0.18mm thick sole-shape having 1260 pressure sensors, the sensor insole was trimmed to fit the subjects' right. left shoes - sneakers shoes & dress shoes. It was calibrated by the known weight of the test subject standing on one foot. The Tekscan measurements show the insole pressure distribution as a function of the time. This finding has important implications for the development of plantar pressure test protocols where the function of the forefoot is important. According to the result of analysis it is as follows 1) Center of force trajectory in women's dress shoes display direct movement, compare with center of force trajectory in Sneaker shoes displays a little bit curved slow pronation movement. Sneaker shoes in forefoot part display very quick supination movement, therefore, this shoes effects negative effectiveness for ankle's stability Considering center of force trajectory analyzing the more center of force close straight line, the more movement can be quick movement for locomotion. For foot pressure distribution, center of force trajectory in locomotion is better to curved trajectory with pronation movement. So sneaker shoes style is good shoes considering center of pressure distribution trajectory compare with women's dress shoes. 2) Women's dress shoes increased peak pressure in medial, this is effected by high hill's height. The more increased women's dress shoes's height, the more women's peak pressure will increase, pronation can increase compare with before. Supination movement increase, this focused pressure in lateral, also, supination increased more. If the supination movement increased, foot pressure focused in lateral, therefore, it is appeared force distribution in gait direction. This is bad movement in foot's stability. 3) Women's dress shoes in landing phase displayed a long time, this is when women's dress shoes wear, gait movement is unbalance, so, landing phase displayed a long time. For compensation in gait, swing phase quick movement. 4) Women's dress shoes displayed peak pressure distribution in lateral of rearfoot part, Sneakers shoes displayed peak pressure distribution in medial of forefoot part. Its results has good impact absorption compare with women's dress shoes. In forefoot part, sneakers shoes has good propulsive force compare with women's dress shoes.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.19-34
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• 2007

Background & Objectives: The current study aims to convey correct knowledge of dementia that is be on the rise as the most significant social problem and provide basic data for implementing immediate school health education for dementia which is the basis of improving quality of life for patients with dementia, their family and the society by analyzing recognition level for dementia among male and female students in the 2nd grade of middle school and the necessity of school health education for dementia. Methods: The current study conducted a survey with a total of 150 students. 25 male and female students respectively selected from three middle school taking into account regional characteristics. The study also processed the survey results using SPSS-PC Program 12.0 and gained the following results by implementing Frequency Analysis. Cross-tabulation Analysis and ANOVA Analysis. Results: As for respect for grandparents, 55.3% of the respondents said they respect their grandparents. while 39.3% answered so-so and 5.3% said they don't respect their grandparents. As for the number of they meet grandparents, 36.0% of the respondents said they meet grandparents once or twice a month, which was the most frequent answer. On the other hand, 24.7% are once or twice every six months, 13.3% are once or twice a year and a week, respectively, and 6.7% said that they seldom meet their grandparents. In a question about whether they had recognized dementia after explaining dementia in detail, 82.7% said' yes' while 17.3% said' no'. But few students recognized it when they were asked using a terminology' dementia' first. The average score of knowledge level integrating the most fundamental 16 questions about dementia was $11.20{\pm}1.73$. Also 83.3% of the respondents answered that they had no experience in health education about dementia while 16.7% said presented positive answers. In the necessity of health education about dementia, 73.3% of them said' necessary' while 21.3% said' so-so' and 5.3% said 'not necessary. Conclusions: From the above study results, it was found that it is time to emphasize the necessity and importance of school health education for improving respect for the old and a sense of responsibility for support and converting recognition for dementia in Korea that has social structure of the trend toward the nuclear family and heads for an aged society. However, the fact that the above things are not implemented at all in reality can expand disparate views among family members in the future and further can cause even more serious problem by neglecting senior problems. Therefore, the government, social organizations, especially school organizers should recognize the necessity and importance of school health education and actively begin cultivations of students' character by implementing the education about dementia at the early stage.