• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.37
• /
• pp.143-169
• /
• 1999

The problems of unemployment have been recognized as male problems even though the female unemployment problems are as significant as those of men since IMF. The women who have experienced insecure employment and lower wage than men in the labor market are having more serious economic difficulties after being unemployed. Especially economic problems of the unemployed female headed families are anticipated to be tremendous because the female heads do not have spouses who can act as a buffer seeking or beginning to work to reduce economic hardship. The purpose of this paper is to compare living conditions and utilization of the unemployment programs between male and female heads of the family who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It will examine the functionalism, human capital theory, and feminist perspectives on the cause of female unemployment in order to help understanding of their living situations after being unemployed. Then, it will compare the socio-demographic characteristics, their economic activities before being unemployed, their living conditions and changes in family life after being unemployed, their efforts to overcome unemployment and utilization of various government unemployment programs. It used the national data of National Unemployment Survey of Korean Institute of Health and Social Affairs conducted in 1998 and analyzed 283 female and 1,528 male family heads who are unemployed and discouraged workers. It reveals that the female family heads experienced lower economic status in the labor market before being unemployed, are having more serious economic hardship because of it, utilize more of the government programs such as public work and public assistance than the male family heads but less of the public loans for the unemployed. It recommends expansion of public work and public assistance, more vigorous advertisement of various unemployment programs, and active training of job creation technique for female family heads.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.185-207
• /
• 1996

It is frequently pointed out that the Korean economy, with its scarce natural resources, would never have been able to achieve current levels of economic development without the massive provision of well-educated, hardworking human resources. Throughout the industrialization process ,full-fledged deployment and mobilization of qualified human resources have been the foundation to industrial policy and S&T policy. This paper describes the development of S&T human resources in Korea using various statistics including educational enrollment rates, unemployment rates, the allocation of researchers and R&D expenditures among sectors of performance, educational composition of employment within and across industries, technical human resource shortage rates, relative wage levels of SMEs, and composition of labor force by age-group and gender. While analyzing S&T human resources development, this paper discusses issues such as the mismatched demand and supply of skill and knowledge levels of the highly educated, the unbalanced distribution of S&T human resources between sectors, and the low utilization of the female and aged labor force. This paper suggests that the policy maker applies a hybrid of quantitative and qualitative policies to reduce the mismatches of supply and demand of skill and knowledge levels for each labor market categorized according to supply side.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2016

This study is focused on the factors that reduce the high turnover rate of early childhood teachers against the backdrop of their poor work environment including long hours, work overload and low wage by identifying the effects of three sub-factors of justice on the collectivistic tendency and those of the job burnout on their turnover intention. To conduct this study, a survey was carried out childcare teachers of the Seoul and Metropolitan Area. Total of 283 valid female questionnaires were collected and utilized for analysis. According to the analysis, both procedural justice and interpersonal justice have positive effects on the collectivistic tendency and decrease the turnover intention. The interpersonal justice decreases the job burnout, whereas the distributive justice statistically significantly increases the job burnout. Also, the collectivistic tendency reduces the turnover intention. The job burnout increases the turnover intention, which is consistent with previous studies. Hence, increasing the interpersonal justice and the collectivistic tendency could be an option for dealing with the issue.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.59 no.2
• /
• pp.143-169
• /
• 2007

The major purpose of this study was to offer a comprehensive analysis of the changing trends and causes of poverty among urban wage earners' households from 1995 to 2005. In order to do that, this study used the micro data of "Income and Expenditure Survey of Urban Households" by the National Statistical Office(NSO) and GEE(Generalized estimating equation) regression model which is know as an appropriate method for the longitudinal and clustering data. The results show that (1) the numbers of poverty rate and poverty gap in recent years are even getting seriously worse than those in the IMF crisis. (2) Main characteristics of poor are female headed, old aged, low educated households, and having atypical working position. (3) Major determinants of poverty are also related to the variables as mentioned the above. (4) However, poverty reduction effect of public transfer increased preferably in recent years.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 2004

The share of self-employment shows a downward trend until 1990 and then an upward trend since then. The upward trend is mainly due to more employers and more male self-employed, which implies that self-employment plays a significant role as an alternative form of employment. This paper examines whether self-employment can be a bridge between no work and wage work in the processes entering into or exiting labor market, and if so, what determines the choice of self-employment as a bridge, using the data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey(Wave 1 to Wave 5). Empirical analysis employing the probit model shows that the older, female, the less educated, and persons with bad health are more likely to choose self-employment as a bridge in the exit process and that they are less likely to choose it as a bridge in the entry process. Business cycle has a statistically significant negative effect on its role of bridge employment in the exit process but not in the entry process. The result implies that, in the ageing society, labor market policy should consider self-employment as a better alternative than wage work for the aged.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2019

This study focused on the importance of job position as a role model for female career adaptation. To do this, we used the KWMP data to conduct a Multinomial logit analysis to examine the influence factors of the tenure women managers. As a result, first, section chief position showed a low level of life satisfaction and showed difficulty of beginner's manager. Second, it is predicted that the position of the Deputy Head of Department will establish the identity of work as an intermediate manager. Third, head of department Director showed a high age, target status, possibility of achieving the target, and duration of the next job. Fourth, executive level has the least average experience of discrimination on monthly average wage. It was suggested that it is important to develop individual career by recognizing that the organizational atmosphere and personnel management are lower than those of the other positions. It was found that age, organizational atmosphere and personnel management, goal status, possibility of achieving goals, next job tenure period, monthly average wage, welfare, and life satisfaction factors were the most influential factors in women career adjustment. Finally, implications and limitations were discussed based on the results of this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.647-659
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of children's elementary school entrance to working conditions of employed mothers. The data from 4th to 8th wave of Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) were used for analysis. Specifically, we examined changes in wages, working hours and regular employment of employed mothers after their children entered elementary schools. We adopted Heck selection model for unbalanced panel data after controlling sample selection bias, and compare results of analysis for unbalanced and balanced panel data. The results showed that children's elementary school entrance reduces employed mothers' wage, working hours and regular employment. These results indicate that mother tend to leave regular job and could not entry into decent job when their children are in elementary school.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.44 no.3 s.217
• /
• pp.153-161
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the farming product function of rural women and to determine the effect of human capital. The data was based on 300 husbands and wives from 150 farms with crops of high female input time rate such as house-cucumbers, house-strawberries, roses, agaric mushrooms and apples in 2003. According to the results, the rural women were mainly engaged in harvesting, selecting, sorting and packing among about 23 working steps in the Korean farm. These works require a long time for the highly-skilled and have a very important and sensitive effect on quality, quantity, price of products and the farm's income. The cultivated experience and the major cultivation step effect had a positive relationship to farm's income for women. The machine effect was estimated significantly at 0.3976, which indicated that the high-skilled farmers have a positive correlation to farm's income. The rural women's labor value has been evaluated relatively lowly compared with men performing the same work. As an example, women are paid an average of 62.3% of the men's wage in harvesting and packing in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the economic and workforce factors on the annual number of occupational accident fatalities occurring at the construction sites. The considered variables of the economic factor are the amount of economic losses caused by industrial accidents, the GDP, and the total monthly wage for each economically active population. And, the variables related to the workforce factor are the number of economically active population, the number of female economically active population, and the number of labor union members. The multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of two factors on the total number of occupational fatalities in the construction industry. The results show that GDP among considered variables in the economic factor had a statistically significant negative relationship with the number of the construction accident fatalities in the construction industry. Among variables related to the workforce factor, economically active population showed a statistically significant negative relationship with the number of the construction accident fatalities.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.48
• /
• pp.82-112
• /
• 2002

This study investigates the causes of poverty in Korea since the 1997 Economic Crisis by analyzing the composition and characteristics of the poor by the types of families. While the poor largely consisted of disadvantaged groups, such as the aged, the disabled, or the female-headed families before the Crisis, families headed by working-aged and non-disabled adults have represented a larger portion of the entire poor since the Crisis. The higher overall poverty rate in 1998 mainly resulted from the rapid increase in the number of the unemployed and the high poverty rate of their families. In 1999, the larger number of the unemployed poor exited from poverty by getting a job in the labor market, contributing to the reduction in the overall poverty rate. The significant number of families headed by working adults were poor in 1998, and the size of these working poor was not reduced in 1999. The poverty among this group has been caused by lowered wage rates and deteriorating job security. The findings from this study suggest that anti-poverty policies in Korea be improved to provide better income and employment assistance to the non-working poor and, more importantly, be extended to effectively reduce poverty among the working low-income families.