• 수산경영론집
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

The sustainability of fishing villages is threatened by manpower shortages due to population aging and poor settlement conditions. In the reality of poor fishing villages, the importance of women's labor is more emphasized than that of the past because female workers are key workers in fishing labor, processing and sales of marine products. However, policy support for female fishermen is not sufficient. The reason for this is that policy makers did not properly recognize the labor value of female fishermen. In fact, fishing villages have emphasized the importance of female workforce as a slogan, but there has been no attempt to estimate the labor value. There was not even a review of the methodology for estimating the value of labor that was attempted in similar fields. As a result, the policy importance of female fishermen was underestimated for there was no attempt to evaluate their value even though women had been continuously participating in the fishery from the past. Female fishermen's labor is under the dual labor structure of housework and fishing labor. Therefore, in this study, housework and fishing labor were estimated separately and the total labor value was calculated. The basic data necessary for estimating the labor value of female fishermen were obtained through a survey. The method of estimating the labor value of female fishermen was used in combination with the present income method and the total replacement cost method. As a result of the study, the total labor value of female fishermen was about 4.4 trillion won, which is about half of the total fishery production of 9 trillion won in Korea.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.209-218
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to conduct the review of female labor suply, and thus, to provide useful theoretical and empirical frameworks for future studies related to female labor supply. Based on the theory of the allocation of time, the process of individual labor supply was systematically reviewed. Participation Probit/Logit, Tobit, and Selection B;ias Corrected Regression were considered in estimating the function of female labor supply which modifies the selection bias. Based on the previous empirical results, wage rate, asset income, husband's income, the level of eduction, and child-related variables such as the presence of child and the number of children might be considered for the empirical specification of female labor supply.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to review the labor force partitpation rate and work environment characteristics of female workers to provide basic information for establishment and implementation of effective policies related to accident prevention and workers health protection for female workers. It was analyzed employment status, work environment and injuries and illnesses based on economic activity census results, compensation of industrial injury and the second working condition survey. According to economic activity census results, female labor force participation rate has been steadily increased, whereas male labor force participation rate has been decreased since 1970. Industrial accident rate has been declined in male workers but that in female workers has been steadily increased even though male workers were higher accident rate than female workers. It was evaluated that female workers are vulnerable to industrial injuries and illnesses in the aspect of their working environment and employment status. Also, Substantial differences between female and male workers in occupational exposure patterns, occupational disease and occupational environments were observed. Therefore it was recommended that special care programs for female workers such as a specialized monitoring and management program should be introduced in the near future.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.89-117
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• 2014

창조경제를 견인하기 위해 다양성과 창의성이 중시되는 환경에서 여성과학기술인력의 활용은 무엇보다 중요해지고 있으며, 경제적 지위를 측정하는 기준으로 노동의 시장가격인 임금에 대한 분석을 통해 성차별을 인식하고 개선하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Oaxaca-Ransom 임금분해 방법(1994)을 활용하여 과학기술인력을 대상으로 남녀 임금에 미치는 영향 요인 및 성별 임금 분해를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학기술인력의 특성을 살펴보면 여성의 평균 임금 수준은 남성의 65%에 불과하며, 학력 등 개인적 특성에서 남성이 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 임금에 영향을 미치는 변수를 살펴보면 여성과 남성 모두 학력 연령이 높을수록, 근무기간 및 주당근로시간이 많을수록, 관리자 직종에 근무할수록 임금 프리미엄이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 남성과 여성의 임금분해 결과를 살펴보면, 과학기술인력의 경우 개인적 특성에 의한 생산성 차이가 약 58%, 노동시장에서의 특성에 기인한 성별에 의한 차별은 41%로 나타났다. 비과학기술인력에 비교하였을 시 과학기술인력이 생산성으로 인한 임금격차가 크며 성별에 의한 차별은 덜 한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 전공별 및 학력별로 분석한 결과 성에 의한 여성차별은 전체 인력 중 여성의 비율이 낮을수록 노동시장에서 임시근로자 비율이 높을수록 심한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 개선하기 위해서는 여성과학기술인력의 노동시장에서의 여성 불균형 현상이 무엇보다 필요하며, 여성스스로는 개인의 역량을 지속적으로 강화하는 노력이 수반되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.184-196
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• 2017

Purpose: We investigated the effects of emotional labor and workplace violence on various physical and mental health outcomes among female workers. Methods: We obtained data from 24,760 female workers who participated in the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships. Results: Female emotional workers were more exposed to workplace violence than were female non-emotional workers. Verbal abuse was the most common type of workplace violence. Logistic regression analyses revealed that (1) emotional labor was significantly associated with higher odds of having musculoskeletal or abdominal pain (physical health outcomes), along with overall fatigue (a mental health outcome), and (2) workplace violence experiences were significantly associated with higher odds of musculoskeletal pain, headache/eye strain, abdominal pain, depression/anxiety disorder, overall fatigue, and insomnia/sleep disturbance, after controlling for covariates. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both emotional labor and workplace violence have negative effects on physical and mental health. However, workplace violence experience has a stronger negative impact on health outcomes than does emotional labor alone. A management system to eradicate workplace violence and programs aimed at managing emotional labor are urgently needed at the organizational level.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.99-124
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• 2016

본 연구는 한국노동패널 자료를 사용하여 노동조합이 우리나라 여성근로자들의 임금에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하였다. 분석에는 여성근로자들의 임금함수 추정과정에서 경제활동참여에 의한 선택편의를 고려하였고, 종업원 수가 무응답인 경우 그 값을 보정하여 분석하였으며, 직장에 노동조합이 있고 노동조합에 가입한 조합원 근로자와 가입하지 않은 비조합원 근로자를 직장에 노동조합이 없는 근로자와 비교하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 고정효과 모형 추정에서 조합원 및 비조합원 더미변수 모두 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이로부터 OLS 모형 추정에서 나타난 노동조합의 임금효과는 능력이 높은 여성근로자들이 유노조 사업체에 취업하는 것을 더 선호한 결과이며, 비조합원의 무임승차 효과는 없다고 보는 것이 타당하다는 결론을 도출하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.2676-2682
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• 2024

Despite its remarkable socioeconomic development, South Korea underperforms in terms of female labor force participation and women in leadership positions. As women appear to avoid nuclear engineering, we aim to evaluate its relative performance in attracting women to its labor force compared to other college majors. Using college-major level information from 2000, we test whether the female faculty share in nuclear engineering is lower than its counterparts. Although nuclear engineering has one of the lowest female faculty shares, its share exceeds that of agricultural science, business and economics, chemical engineering, chemistry, civil engineering, and industrial engineering once we properly control for gender composition among students and other compounding factors. In other words, once female students major in nuclear engineering, they are less likely to leave their fields compared to their counterparts in other disciplines. This result implies that if the nuclear engineering field aims to attract more women to its workforce, it is important to target them from the early stage of their careers.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.161-173
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• 1998

This study investigates why the Married Female Production Workers(MFPW) participate in their work and what is work load they take. This study uses an ecosystems approaches in order to explain the labor participation of the MFPW and their work load. MFPW participate in their work because of the labor markets need and economic need of their household rather than their personal choice. Due to the long working hours, low wage and bad labor conditions of MFPW's job, they suffer more severe work load both at the fob and at home than any other occupational groups.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2019

이 연구는 장래의 우리나라 여성(25~54세) 경제활동참가율이 미국이나 일본의 역사적 경험을 따라 변화하는 경우 최근(2018년)의 경제활동참가율이 유지되는 경우에 비해 2065년까지 여성경제활동인구가 어떻게 변화하는지를 추정하였다. 결과에 따르면 미국이나 일본의 역사적 사례에 기초한 시나리오가 실현되는 경우 25~54세 여성 경제활동인구가 2042년까지 각각 약 14%(약 797,000명) 및 15%(약 831,000명) 더 늘어날 것으로 예상된다. 특히 현재 경력단절현상이 심한 30대와 40대 초반 여성경제활동인구가 큰 폭으로 증가할 것으로 전망된다. 이 연구의 결과는 비교적 가까운 장래에 인구변화로 인한 전체경제활동인구 감소효과가 크지 않을 것임을 시사한다. 일본의 사례를 적용한 시뮬레이션 결과는 여성 경제활동을 증가시키기 위한 정책적인 노력이 인구구조변화가 노동시장에 미칠 것으로 우려되는 잠재적인 영향에 대응하는데 있어서 적어도 가까운 장래에 있어서는 장년고용을 증가시키기 위한 노력에 비해 효과적이라는 것을 보여준다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.63-94
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• 2001

인간자본론에 의하면 노동자들간의 임금격차는 인간자본 축적량의 차이에 의해 설명될 수 있는데, 인간자본스톡의 정도는 개인의 선택에 의해 결정된다. 그러나 만일 인간자본스톡에 대한 개인의 선택, 즉 인간자본에 대한 투자결정이 차별에서 영향을 받는다고 하면 인간자본스톡에 근거한 남녀간 임금격차의 설명은 편의를 갖게 된다. 대다수 여성의 경우 노동시장참가가 불연속적으로 이루어지므로 이를 예상(기대)하는 여성이 남성에 비하여 인간자본에 대한 투자를 상대적으로 적게 한다면, 남녀 임금격차를 설명하기 위해서 인간자본스톡변수 대신에 기대(expected) 인간자본스톡변수를 사용하는 것이 편의의 발생을 줄이고 더 정확한 분석결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.