• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.107-125
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• 2009

This paper analyzes the life and culture contents of the primary Korean textbook for female marriage immigrants and investigates ways to improve the textbook organization in future. The study results are as follows: 1. The textbook must reflect the demands of female marriage immigrants as learners that need to adapt to Korean society. 2. The textbook needs to adopt a circulating disposition in organizing such life and culture contents that female marriage immigrants can obtain and utilize while living in diverse life environments 3. The textbook should also provide multi-cultural elements in order to help female marriage immigrants with the internalization of the complex identity between their home countries and Korea.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.298-311
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe levels of multiple stress factors and depression, and to examine the effects of the stress factors on depression among female marriage immigrants in Korea. Methods: Participants were 322 female marriage immigrants currently residing in Korea, who migrated from China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other Asian countries. Stress of female marriage immigrants was measured on the SMFMI (Stress Measure of Female Marriage Immigrants in Korea), consisting of 21 items in four factors (cultural, household economic, emotional, and parenting and discrimination stress). CES-D was used to assess depression among marriage immigrants. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe's post hoc tests, and multiple regressions were performed for data analyses. Results: The average score for stress was 1.34 (SD=.98, theoretical range: 0-4) and the average score for depression was 17.07 (SD=10.09) in these female marriage immigrants. Adjusting for household income, employment status, duration since immigration, and Korean language proficiency, household economic stress (p<.001) was identified as the strongest predictor in explaining depression of female marriage immigrants (Adjusted $R^2=.331$). Conclusion: Health care professionals should prioritize intervention strategies to alleviate household economic stress for mental health promotion in female marriage immigrants in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.518-531
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to develop and test a measurement for assessment of stress of female marriage immigrants in Korea. Methods: Forty four preliminary items were initially developed based on literature review and focus group interviews. Those items were evaluated by experts for content validity, resulting in six factors and 26 items. The 26 items were translated into Chinese, Vietnamese, and English by professional translators and were reviewed by native speakers of each language who are fluent in Korean. For testing validity and reliability, data were collected from 323 female marriage immigrants residing in five regions in Korea. Results: As a result of item analysis, 25 items were selected. Factor analysis yielded 21 items in four factors, including 1) household economic 2) parenting and discrimination 3) cultural and 4) emotional stressors, explaining 61.3% of the total variance of stress of female marriage immigrants in Korea. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .903 for the overall instrument and .692-.892 for four factors. Conclusion: Measurement of stress for female marriage immigrants in Korea has high validity and reliability. Therefore, this measurement may be utilized for systematic assessment of stress and for identification of areas of support for female marriage immigrants in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive correlational study examined the acculturation, health literacy, and factors affecting the health literacy of Vietnamese and Chinese female marriage immigrants. Methods: The sample consisted of 90 Vietnamese and 89 Chinese female marriage immigrants who participated in Multicultural Family Support Centers' programs in metropolitan city A. The health literacy was measured by HLI-FMI (Health Literacy Index for Female Marriage Immigrants), acculturation was measured using the Acculturation Index for female marriage immigrants. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were performed for data analysis. Results: The Chinese group (M=9.80±2.72) showed a significantly higher health literacy than the Vietnamese group (M=8.07±3.57). The factors affecting health literacy among Chinese were the length of residence (β=.442 p<.001), and adaptation to Korean culture (β=.381, p=.007). Conclusion: To develope graded education programs for promoting the health literacy of Chinese and Vietnamese female marriage immigrants, the length of residence can be considered. Continuously providing a support system to help them adapt to Korean culture can also have a positive effect on health literacy.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.119-146
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find the integrated educational programs for the female marital immigrant families in Korea. For this purpose, 21 immigrated female informants and 33 visiting teachers who provide teaching services to female informants were focus-group interviewed. The Major findings were as follows: Through the content analysis of informant's responses, both married female immigrants and visiting teachers expressed the needs of Korean language programs interpreted by immigrants' native speakers as well as programs to support their children. Married female immigrants expressed the needs for her husbands joining educational programs not much, on the other hand visiting teachers insisted to join their husbands as well as other family members to diverse family-related programs. Married female immigrants wanted programs to support their working skills, however visiting teachers emphasized their responsibilities and active attitudes before they get a job. Married female immigrants were not conscious any counselling programs to cope with husband's violence or maladjusted children, on the other hand visiting teachers insisted counselling programs to help female immigrants. Above all the programs, most of female marital immigrants wanted Korean language programs interpreted by their native speakers and programs to support their working skills, on the other hand visiting teachers emphasized the importance of family-related programs and counselling programs.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.415-425
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop a textbook of the integrated education of Korean food culture and language for married female immigrants. Methods: An analysis was conducted with the textbooks and researches for married female immigrants, and dietary life related contents were extracted. The contents were organized by activity oriented approach which is acquired the culture. The evaluation was conducted through depth interview with 6 married female immigrants through an analysis of the qualitative materials. Results: The text book comprised of 30 Korean food recipes with the target expressions and vocabularies. It also included Korean basic table setting, Korean table manner, main dishes and side dishes, basic cutting, seasoning and garnish, measure of the ingredients, symbolic food, regional food culture, choice of food ingredients, shopping, bargaining, taste expression, color expression, all sorts of spices, Korean traditional festival food, and seasonal customs and food. For intensifying communication, activity which is close to real life was added. Through cooking, married female immigrants expose words and sentence patterns and that allows to evaluate their level of understanding. We observed that the developed textbook is suited for married female immigrants' needs and cognitive level. The text book included a comparative study between Korean culture and their country's culture, which could provide the motive for accepting each other's cultures. The study showed how to develop a textbook that integrates Korean language education and Korean food culture and how to apply the textbook in real life. Conclusions: The correct understanding about Korean food culture could lead to improvements communication ability. Useful information which relates to Korean food, recipes, and food culture could increase daily life satisfaction. Conducting both cultural education and language education could increase the participation of married female immigrants in learning activities. Therefore this study could help these females to adapt Korean society and manage family dietary life effectively.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.509-533
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the sociolinguistic competence of female marriage-immigrants through analyzing their free colloquial discourse. Because previous studies on female marriage-immigrants have not been performed based on the natural illocutionary data, an accurate diagnosis of their communication method will be necessary for the efficiency of the Korean education aimed at them, and for the development of their communication ability. For this study, the colloquial discourse situation from five female marriage-immigrants from China, the Philippines and Vietnam was recorded. The sociolinguistic characteristics were analyzed centering on the use of designation, respect terms, and regional words. 'Eomma' was used as a designation for their husband's mother, which means that 'intimacy' worked for the designation of their husband's mother. The respect-word classes for others were limited to the 'haeyo' form and the 'hae' one, and the reception for listeners was often discarded. In addition, the influence of regional words was found in the vocabulary and grammar, and the more proficient the Korean language, the more frequent the regional word occurrence. Based on the above result, the teaching method of Korean for the immigrants shall be suggested as follows: the teaching has to focus on respect words positively influencing the relationship with the counterpart.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.159-183
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• 2012

This study intends to explore structural characteristics of social networks for female immigrants married to Korean men, and to analyze the relationship between the characteristics and types of social supports provided by their social networks and the differences between support-giving and support-receiving networks. Ego-centered network analysis is used for collecting network data on fifty-three migrant wives selected by a snowball sampling method. Results show that social support receiving and giving networks of female immigrants have similarities rather than differences, which implied that they play roles not only as support receivers, but also as support givers in their social networks. Also the study suggests that there are correlations between networks' characteristics, such as density and effective size of ego network, and types of supports. The result indicates that the less cohesive and less redundant ties female immigrants had, the more diverse and more informational and emotional supports they obtained from their social networks. Due to the sampling method and size, this study has a limitation to generalize the results for the whole population of female immigrants in Korea. However, it provides a basic understanding of female immigrants' social networks.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the factors affecting the life satisfaction of married female immigrants and Korean husbands. Data for this study were obtained from the National Survey of Multicultural Families conducted in 2012. The study sample consisted of 5,232 couples within the first five years of marriage. Data were evaluated using a paired t-test, K-mean cluster analysis, ANOVA, and ordered logistic regression analysis. The results were as follows: 1) life satisfaction was higher for married female immigrants than for Korean husbands. 2) The general characteristics, acceptance attitude, language acceptance, and social network differed significantly depending on life satisfaction levels. 3) The multicultural acceptance attitude of husbands, ability of married female immigrants to speak Korean, and ability of Korean husbands to speak wives' native languages improved life satisfaction levels. The results of this study can be used to improve the life satisfaction of married female immigrants and Korean husbands.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

This study investigated how the characteristics of female international marriage immigrants, their husbands, their children, and their families affected their parenting self-efficacy, using a sample of 187 female international marriage immigrants, from China, the Philippines, or Vietnam, now living in Pusan and Gyungnam, Korea. We used questionnaires were based on the studies by Choe & Chung (2001), Shin (1997), Lee (1996), and Lee & Song (1991), and with the addition of demographic characteristics. Analysis results showed that the mother's parenting self-efficacy subscales correlated positively with mother's educational level, social support, and Korean language level; husband's educational level; and family income, and negatively with mother's depression, husband's age, and mother's acculturative stress. Multiple regressions indicated that husband's support was the strongest predictor of female international marriage immigrants' parenting self-efficacy.