• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.126-140
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• 2005

The main purpose of this research was to examine what were the factors of shopping value that consumers perceived, if there is any difference between male and female, and if male and female consumer group were divided into different groups according to the pursuing shopping value type. Data were solicited from convenience sample of 347 adults(156 male and 191 female) who were between 19 to 49 years of age. Sources for the sample were companies and apartment complexes and several colleges in Seoul and Chonan to diversify by such demographics as age and social status. The statistical methods used for this study are factor analysis and cluster analysis and Scheffe test using a SPSS 10.00 GLM. The main findings are as follows: First, four dimensions of clothing shopping values were identified as pleasure, planned, leisure, and convenience value. For male, it appeared in the order of pleasure, leisure, planned, and convenience shopping value and for female, it appeared in the order of pleasure, planned, leisure, and convenience shopping value. The most important subdimension of clothing shopping value was 'pursuing pleasure' and the least important one was 'convenience' regardless of gender. Second, three types of consumer groups for male & female were identified. For male consumers, it appeared as planned, leisure/convenience, and pleasure pursuing group. For female consumers, it appeared as pleasure, convenience, and leisure shopping pursuing group. Here, pleasure is a common factors to affect shopping itself free from gender, but male does shopping with plan and female with pleasure.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

Customer satisfaction concerning foodservice quality characteristics were evaluated by using importance performance analysis(IPA) techniques in middle school foodsevice operations. One hundred students from each of 17 middle schools in Gangwon province were surveyed by self-developed questionnaire. Total of 1,675 questionnaires(female 943 and male 732 respectively) were collected and data were analyzed using SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1.The male and female students scored the importance level as 3.99 and 4.03 out of 5 respectively, which means 'important' The performance level of female(2.71) was significantly lower than male(2.86) which means 'between bad and so-so'. it is suggested that the statistical analysis should be conducted respectively according to gender. And there is no performance level over 4(good). 2. Dissatisfied quality attributes identified were convenience of dinning room and the managerial attitude of dissatisfaction in the female and male students. 3. Satisfied quality attributes identified were hygiene of food and dinning room and spoon and cup and drinking water table and distribution process, taste of food, variety of food in the female and male students. 4. The performance scores of lower price(less than 1500 won) lunch group was higher than higher price(more than 1800 won) lunch group in the female and male students.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-perception and practices of health and appearance, health-related lifestyles and dietary behaviors of college students(137 male, 115 female) attending web class via the Internet. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire and data was analyzed by SPSS program. The average height, weight and BMI of the male and female college students were 174.4cm, 67.8kg, 22.3kg/㎡ and 162.3cm, 52.1kg, 19.8kg/㎡, respectively. Male collage students perceived their health statuses significantly better compared to female students. As for self-evaluation of anemia, female college students perceived significantly more anemia symptoms compared to male college students. Female college students perceived their body image to be obese compared to male college students. Underweight college students perceived significantly less healthy statuses, more anemia symptoms, and worse hair conditions compared to other college students. The rate of male students who exercise was significantly higher compared to that of female students. Male students reported significantly more smoking and drinking of alcohol compared to female students. The rate of female college students skipping meals was significantly higher than that of male college students. Frequency of eating out in female college students was significantly higher compared to that in male students. These results may provide some basic information in developing a nutrition education program for Korean college students using Internet.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 1988

The study was to investigate the relationship between clothing variables (Conformity, Modesty, Importance) and environmental variables of Family (the Value Orientations of Family, the Psychological Process of Family), according to sex and region. the subjects were university students in Kyoung nam and Pusan (Male; 397-Pusan 183 and Kyoung nam 214, Female; 401-Pusan 224 and Kyoung Nam 177). Survey method was questionnaires. The data was analyzed with frequency, Pearson's Parson's Correlation, T-test, Multiple Regression using the SPSS. The results were as follows; 1. There was significant difference between clothing Variables in Young nam, but partially significant difference in Pusan. 2. There was partially significant difference between clothing Variables and Environmental Variables of family in each male & female Kyoung nam & Pusan). 3. In the T-test, between clothing Variables and Environmental Variables of family, difference between male and female was shown that female student was higher than male student all of Clothing Variables and male student was higher than female student t in the case of Environmental Variables of family, In the difference between Pusan and Kyoung Nam, male student was shown significant difference in the case of Conformity, materialism and love-Rejection, female student in the case of Modesty, Importance, materialism and Social rising. 4. In the multiple Regression analysis between clothing variables and Environmental Variables of family, clothing voriables partially were effected on the Environmental Variables of family in the cases of male and female in Pusan & Kyoung Nam.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 1984

The author had tried to identify the sex from single tooth by detecting F-body of Y-chromosome in the nucleus of the dental pulp cells of 70 persons aged from 4 to 61 years under a fluorescent miscroscope. The results were as follows : 1. In the cell nuclei of male and female dental pulp at refrigeratory, the rate of F-body appearancd ranged 42-86%(average 61.06%) in male, while it was 0-6%(average 1.86%) in female, indicationg that male could be distinctly differentiated from female by F-body. 2. With male and female dental pulp puterfide by leaving in at room temperature, the rate of F-body appearance ranged 35-58%(average 48.20%) in male, 1-3%(average1.70%) in female, indicating that it was possible to distinguish male and female by F-body. 3. Even in heat-treated male teeth at $100^{\circ}C$,10 mins, the rate of F-body appearace proved to be 32-56%(averaged 42.50%), also indicating the possibility of identifying male. 4. When detecting of F-body in process of time, the rate of F-body appearance did not show major charges. 5. It was reaffirmed that F-body detection method was a positive determination method of male.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide the information for the development of gender-equality oriented content of Technology Home Economics subject. For this purpose, a total of 404 male and female middle high school students in Chuncheon city were sampled and asked to estimate the degree of practical use and preference for the 47 units of Technology Home Economics subject. Results were summarized as following : 1. The 47 units were classified into 4 groups on the basis of similarity in the degree of practical use and preference: 23 units estimated as 'better than average' by male and female students were classified into group 1; 4 units estimated as 'better than average' by female students but as 'less than average' by male students were classified into group 2; 10 units estimated as 'less than average' by male and female students were classified into group. 3; 10 units estimated as 'far less than average' by male and female students were classified into group 4. Most of the units in Home Economics area were classified Into group 1 or 2, but most of the units in Technology area were classified into group 3 or 4. 2. Gender difference was confirmed between male and female students' estimation of the degree of practical use and preference for the 47 units. In about three-quaters of the units in Home Economics area, female students' estimation of the degree of practical use and preference was higher than male students' estimation. In about half of the units in Technology area, male students' estimation of the degree of practical use and preference was higher than female students' estimation. However, possibility was detected in several units of Technology Home Economics subject that gender difference could be decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.191-206
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of adolescent attachment to mothers and peers, self-esteem and impulse control on delinquency. The subjects were 624 eighth and eleventh grade students in Busan. The subjects rated themselves on questionnaires regarding attachment to mothers and peers, self-esteem, impulse control and latent delinquency. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) Male adolescent delinquency increased with grade. But no grade difference was found in female adolescent delinquency. And male adolescent had more delinquency than female adolescent. 2) Grade had a direct and indirect effect through attachment to peers and impulse control on male adolescent delinquency and was the first positive contribution factor. Impulse control had a direct negative effect on male adolescent delinquency. Attachment to mothers had an indirect negative effect through self-esteem on male adolescent delinquency. Attachment to peers had an indirect negative effect through self-esteem and impulse control on male adolescent delinquency. Self-esteem had an indirect negative effect through impulse control on male adolescent delinquency. 3) Attachment to mothers had a direct and indirect effort through impulse control on female adolescent delinquency and was a first negative contribution factor. Impulse control had a direct negative effect on female adolescent delinquency. Attachment to peers had an indirect negative effect through impulse control on female adolescent delinquency. Grade had an indirect negative effect through impulse control on female adolescent delinquency. Self-esteem had no effect on female adolescent delinquency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.154-161
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between male and female internet clothing purchasers in regard to value and clothing benefit sought. The subjects used for the study were 224 university students who purchased clothing products through internet. The value consisted of security, pleasure, and accomplishment factors. Clothing benefits sought had figure compensation, sex appeal & fashion, individuality, conformity, and comfort factors. The results showed that male and female internet purchased students differed in regard to value and clothing benefit sought factors. Specifically, male students considered pleasure value more important than did female purchasers. In the meanwhile, female students considered accomplishment value more important and sought figure compensation and conformity benefits more than did male students. Regarding the effects of value on clothing benefits sought. the achievement value had a positive effect on figure compensation, sex appeal & fashion, and conformity benefits for both male and female students. no Pleasure value also had a Positive effect on rigure compensation and sex appeal benefits for female students while it had no effect for male students. In addition, while the security value had a positive effect on conformity benefit for female students, it had a positive effect on comfort benefit for male students.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2000

After making a survey of edibility of dog meat on 963 male adults and 539 female adults, totalled 1,502 persons, the results were primarily divided into ages and sexes, dealing with statistics by Statistical Analys System. As a result, those who had eaten dog meat is average 83%, among them male adults is 91.9%, female adults is 67.9 %. The reason they have dog meat is as follows : in case of male adults "Following others going to dog meat restaurant and eating" shows high of 34.7 %, in female, "following family members who eat dog meat at home and eating" is most in the figure of 25.6%. Average 86.3 % favors edibility of dog meat, and among them, male is 92.3% and female 72.1%. The highest reason that male or female who opposed to edibility of dog meat is for being inhumane. 79.5% of male and 64.9 % of female know the fact that edible dog is exceptionally bred. The respondents answered most that dog meat was purchased from market. The first reason for objection to the criticism of eating dog meat is that male and female commonly answered most that ′As dog meat food Is our traditional food culture. it is not the problem to be found fault with by others.′ The second reason for that is followed by iris deliciousness.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.606-616
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• 2014

Purpose: This study compares differences between male and female nursing students in terms of the level of stress experienced during clinical practice settings, stress coping mechanisms and clinical competency. Method: The study population was nursing students who had taken a clinical practice course at one of five general hospitals in city D. Data were collected from September 15 to October 15, 2013 through a structured self-administered questionnaire survey given to 319 subjects (156 male students, 163 female students) enrolled in a statistical analysis course. Results: Male nursing students experienced lower stress levels during clinical practice and higher clinical competency than female students. In terms of stress coping mechanisms, male students were significantly more active than female students in deploying coping strategies. Among all students, students with higher clinical practice stress and concomitant stress coping scores exhibited higher clinical competency. Conclusion: Noticeable differences between male and female nursing students in terms of stress levels arising in the course of clinical practice, stress coping strategies, and clinical competency were revealed. However, further identification of specific stressful situations for male and female nursing students and subsequent management of clinical training circumstances are required.