• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.856-866
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between the prevalence of constipation and beverage intake. Research data were collected from first and second grade female students at Hyehwa High School in Seoul by means of questionnaires. A total of 190 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. The results are summarized as follows: The average body mass index (BMI) was 20.7. Of the students, 38.4% had a BMI of less than 20(underweight), and 15.8% had a BMI of over 23 (overweight). However, 84.7% of the students wanted to lose weight. To estimate the prevalence of constipation, five factors were used: frequency and regularity of defecation, time spent defecating, defecation difficulty, and feeling of residue after defecation. The percentage of the students who emptied their bowels every day was 22.1%. About 2/5 of the students (42.1%) had irregular defecation, and 15.2% spent more than 10 minutes in the rest room when defecating. The students who did not have difficulty defecating and those who did not have feelings of residue after defecating were only 24.7% and 28.9%, respectively. The amount of beverage intake per day was 1,062$m\ell$ 674$m\ell$ of water, 128$m\ell$ of milk, 88$m\ell$ of soft drinks, and 53$m\ell$ of fruit juice. The amount of beverage intake before breakfast, during breakfast, before lunch and during lunch was about 100 $m\ell$, each; before dinner, during dinner, and after dinner it was about 200$m\ell$, each. The amount of beverage intake during the weekend was 120$m\ell$ greater than on weekdays. Students who drank more beverages, especially water, before breakfast, showed a higher defecation frequency, more regular defecation, spent less time defecating, had less difficulty defecating, and had less feeling of residue after defecation, so that they have a better defecation pattern. Based on these results, increasing the amount of beverage consumption, especially of water, and drinking greater quantities of beverage before breakfast are ways to reduce constipation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic data for the apartment interior landscape project through the quantitative analysis of the apartment residents' satisfaction on the apartment interior landscape. 1. The major variables related to the interior landscape expert's satisfaction were the interest of the broadcasting of the interior landscape, garden belong to oneself, the intention of the modification of the apartment framework for the interior plantscape, the illumination for the indoor Plants, the season feeling through the int erior plantscape, the psychological effect of the indoor plants, income, the apartment framework and interior plants, the experience and knowledge about the indoor plants, floor space, utilizing veranda as a garden. 2. The major variables related to the general residents' satisfaction included the experience and knowledge on the indoor plants, veranda space, the season feeling through the interior plantscape, the illumination for the interior plants, the interest of the broadcasting of the interior landscape, the intention of the modification of the apartment framework for the interior plantscape. 3. According to the multiple regression analysis, the 'R2'of the major variables related to the experts' satisfaction has been obtained as 75.55%, and that of the varibles related to the general residents' satisfaction, 23.49 %. 4. Such variables as the season feeling through the interior plantscape, the Interest of the broadcasting of the interior landscape, and the intention of the modification of the apartment framework for the interior plantscape for the exports and the general residents are supposed that we develope new interior plants as well as the interior plantscape for the growth of the plants regarding the apartment framework. 5. The interior landscape experts were more positive than the general residents in using the interior landscape materials including indoor plants. 6. The feelings about building layout and the satisfaction in exterior spaces expended the interior landscape, visually, were reasons for the satisfaction of the apartment interior landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.155-166
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• 2004

OP-Art was not appreciated by painters and art critics. and according1y has been forgotten in art history. But recently Op-Art is revitalized in fashion and is in its palmy days. This study intends to re-assess the value of Op-Art, by reviewing its influence on fashion design in the post-modern society To this purpose, conceptual characteristics of Op-Art was analyzed. And then, on the bases of these characteristics, the figural characteristics and the meaning of Op-Art in fashion design of post-modern society was re-explained. Op-Art is characterized as an art of flatness of picture plane which uses repetition of simple forms and colors. It is also based on trick of visual perception. Finally. it creates an impression which is flickering or vibrating by means of optical illusion. These characteristics give birth to some features such as simplicity. anonymity and mobility in the Op-Art fashion. The meanings of Op-Art in fashion design in post-modern society are as follows. First, repetition of simple units employed in Op-Art produces feeling of simplicity. which makes the Op-Art fashion works perceived as polysemy. In other words, the feeling of simplicity can be interpreted In diverse perspectives within the social context of our society. The material civilization and technology civilization, which causes the alienation and standardization of man. can be the backgrounds of the Op-Art fashion. Second, Op-Art is an art based on perspectives of spectators. Anonymity in the Op-Art fashion enhances participation of spectators. which gives Op-Art a sense of affinity. Third, through the feeling of mobility created by optical illusion techniques. the Op-Art fashion expresses the opposition to the ideal body image made by power group. In post-modern society, Op-Art in fashion gives new meaning to art. Op-Art in fashion proposes new roles of artist and spectators, and new concepts of art related with roles of human beings. Through general sensibility of men, Op-art in fashion can express new recognition of the post-modern society.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 1999

The thermal properies of the pure linen fabrics available in the market and linen blended woven fabrics were measured at the moisture content of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% using KES-F7 system (Thermo Iabo II type). The experimental properties were statistically analyzed by the rate of water absorbent. The main results were as follows; There is a positive correlation between the thermal insulation value (TIV) and thickness of pure linen fabrics and linen blended woven fabrics by water absorption. Whereas an negative correlation exists between the TIV and cover factor. There is a high positive correlation among the thermal conductivity (k), thickness and weight of pure linen fabrics and linen blended woven fabrics by water absorption. Wherase a high negative correlation exist between the k and air' permeability (Ap). There is a high positive correlation between the feeling of warmth/coldness and bulk density of pure linen and linen blended woven fabrics by water absorption. Wherase a high negative correlation exists between the feeling of warmth/coldness and porosity. There is a negative correlation between TIV and $q_{max}$ of pure linen fabrics and linen blended woven fabrics. The higher the rate of water absorbent, the lower the TIV. This means that TIV decreases by water absorption. As for the thermal property by rate of water absorbent $q_{max}$ and k increase by water absorption and reach max-value at 60% rate of water absorbent. The TIV decreases by water absorption and has +value at 0% rate of water absorbent, whereas it has -value with a feeling of coldness at 20%, 40%. and 60% rate of water absorbent.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.149-162
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• 2003

Moisturizing the skin is one of the most important functions of skincare cosmetics, because water plays a significant role in keeping the skin healthy. There are various humectants including polyol (glycerin and 1,3-butylene glycol), water-soluble polymers, and botanical extracts. It is well known that the increased amount of polyol in lotion for obtaining high moisturizing effect gives a sticky feeling to the skin. Therefore, a few humectants that can give high moisturizing effect without a sticky feeling for lotion formula is available. On the other hand, oil-based lipstick is well known to have a difficulty to contain a large amount of hydrophilic humectants, because the humectants is unable to be mixed well into oil-based lipsticks and give the lips a peculiar taste. There are newly developed humectants, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene dimethyl ether (EPDME) that can solve these problems describable above. EPDME is a random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. EPDME gives a low sticky feeling with a high moisturizing effect when it is used in lotion. As a remarkable character, EPDME can show not only a preventing effect on rough and dry skin, but also a improving effect upon the use for 1-4 weeks. EPDME can show a synergistic effect with glycerin on preventing to rough and dry skin. Since EPDME can be dissolved in oil-based formulation and used as an ingredient of lipsticks, EPDME can give a moisturizing effect that allows lip to be healthy condition. EPDME can also give no peculiar taste even upon the use of a large amount. EPDME is a useful cosmetic ingredient that can show a good skin care effect in both water-based formula and oil-based formula. EPDME of which polarity can be controllable is expected to be used for various cosmetic applications in near future.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-75
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• 2009

Modern day people can easily use an e-mail client for general communication, because of using Internet and cellular phone. The mail client for the purpose of private and business affair, advertisement, news searching, and business letter is widely used and has side effects. People could send an important document via an electronic mail client. It is important to support an e-mail client intelligent. We think that many kinds of techniques of natural language processing must be provided in the client with human's emotion. We consider to design a new mail client with six kinds of senders' emotional information; delight, angry, sad feeling and message to express, manner of talking, a discomfort index etc. Before sending an e-mail, we suggest a user to correct a bad word because we do not want to feel bad to a receiver. We present a proper process of sending/receiving for users with a new designed e-mail clients.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2006

Purpose: This study is aimed to examine the effectiveness on pain, feeling and nursing practice of hand reflexology applied to in-patient in the clinical setting. Method: The pre/post test methods using VAS for pain and feeling, physiologic measuring, and questionnaire of nursing care were conducted. Subjects were selected 45 in-patients from a surgical ward in hospitals during Nov.-Dec. 2005. 5 minute hand reflexology therapy was applied to both hands of participant by two research assistants at the same time. Data were analyzed based on SAS program using frequency, $x^2$-test, paired t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Result: 1. After receiving hand reflexology therapy, the subjects showed significant pain relief(t=-4.94, p=.0001), improvement in feeling(t=19.44, p=0001) and an increase in skin temperature(t=3.54, p=.001). 2. The applied skills that the participants preferred were press-rotate(80.0%), press-walk(35.56%) and press-rolling(31.11%). The effectiveness of nursing practice scored $3.99{\pm}1.97$ out of 5. Nurse-Patient Relationship and effective response of nursing intervention ranked the highest 4.31. Conclusion: Hand reflexology was considered as an effective nursing intervention in the clinical settings, but in order to evaluate re-verifies and reliances for this effects, it is necessary that comparative studies should be conducted.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-66
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to compare the peer relations of the gifted students in science and ordinary students. To this study, the questionnaire to access students' satisfaction with their peer relations, students' feeling of loneliness, and the quality of peer relations was conducted to the subjects of 147 gifted students in science and 253 ordinary students in Korea. In the peer relations at the ordinary class, the significant difference between them was found in the students' feeling of loneliness, so the gifted students showed a little lower feeling of loneliness than the ordinary students. Also, the significant difference was found in the quality of peer relations. In the perception of the gifted students' peer relations at the gifted and ordinary class, satisfaction with their peer relations and the quality of peer relations were showed the significant differences. There was more mutual peer relations between the gifted than the ordinary students.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2012

Background : Many gastrectomy patients have experienced poor intake and it was cause of the decreasing nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to identify the amount of the intake food and the influencing factors among gastrectomy patients. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted with 163 patients who underwent gastrectomy. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and chart review about demographic, clinical, nutritional status and dietary information and were analyzed with the SPSS 20.0 WIN program. Result : Among 163 patients, the group with over 3/4 intake food was 115(70.5%). The group with 1/2 intatke was 30(18.4%) and the group with the lowest intake of 1/4 was 18(11.1%). There were significant differences in single amount of intake food by patient's subjective feeling(P<.001). Single amount of intake food among three groups were no significant difference in type of gastrectomy, hospital length, body mass index and albumin level. Conclusion : The findings of the study showed that single amount of the intake food was correlated with subjective feeling of patients. Therefore, subjective feelings should be considered important factors in developing diet program for patients with gastrectomy.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.667-673
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to obtain drape information and objective texture of fabrics easily and quickly by using a constructed fabric database. For the construction of the fabric database, 287 woven fabrics were examined by using the CLO fabric kit, KES-FB system, and drape test system. The k-means cluster analysis method was used to classify the fabrics into 7 grades. After correlation analysis of the fabric properties for each experiment, similar properties of the CLO fabric kit and KES-FB system were chosen, which were then designed to extract similar fabrics from the database. It was confirmed that inferring the drape information and objective hand feeling of fabrics was to some extent possible by extracting similar fabrics from the database. In this study, the primary hand and total hand value(THV) of KES-FB system, which was constructed by Kawabata and other experiments, were used to quantify the objective hand feeling, because they are the most widely used. However, these standards can be changed over time; in order to be applied within the clothing industry, these standards may have to be changed to some extent. Moreover, it is notable that although objective hand feeling cannot be expressed in the 3D virtual costume program, it can be easily derived from the constructed database. Additionally, it is expected that the existing 3D virtual costume program will express the costumes more realistically by improving these results.