• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.793-804
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• 1995

Polychaetous community survey in Tomioka Bay was carried out 5 times seasonally from May 1991 to March 1992 by quantitative grab sampling (0.05m2) at 11 stations. Based on the granulometric composition and environmental factors, a homogeneous soft bottom was found in St.5-10. The species of the polychaete were classified into three feeding groups using the Fauchald and Jumars' feeding guild system. According to polychaetous community composition data, deposit feeders predominate in sandy silt area where the silt-clay content is $60-69.3\%.$ These deposit feeders were subdivided into surface deposit feeders and subsurface deposit feeders by their living position and mode. Also, suspension feeding group comes as the third dominant group. Seasonal changes of each feeding group were described in terms of numerical density and biomass. Feeding layer and types of dominant species (Lumbrineris longifolia: surface deposit feeder; Praxillella pacifica: subsurface deposit feeder; Chone duneri; suspension filter feeder, etc.) were examined in the intact sediment core samples. Also, longterm density change among the three dominant species during 10 years was disussed.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.197-209
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• 1992

황해 남서부인 군산외해역에 서식하는 저서 다모류군집의 분포특징과 그들의 섭식 조합을 조사하기 위하여 Veen grab 채집기를 사용하여 24개 장점에서 저서동물을 채집 하였다. 총출현 다모류는 30개과에 속하는 54종이었게, 조사해역의 평균서식밀도는 약 300개체/ m$^2$였다. 주요 우점종으로는 Sternaspis scutata (10%), Notomastus sp. (10%). Lumbrineris cruzensis (9.7%), Nephtys polybrqanchia (5.6%), Praxillella affinis (5.2%) 등이었다. 주요 우점종의 출현은 퇴적상에 따라 차이를 보였는데 사질 퇴적상에서는 N. Polybranchia Prionospio pinnata, Spiophanes bombyx 등이, 니질퇴 적상에서는 S. scutata L. cruzensis, Goniada maculata 등이 나머지는 혼합퇴적물상 에서 그들의 주 출현량을 보였다. 다모류의 섭식조합은 12가지 유형으로 나타났으며, 그 중에서 BMX(표층하퇴적물식정, 운동성, 균육질 주둥이)가 출현빈도(19개 장점)나 출현량(전체의 26%)에 있어서 가장 높았다. 각 섭식조합별로 퇴적상에 대한 선호도를 보였는데, 니질퇴적상에서는 표층하퇴적물식성, 운동성 및 비촉수성 다모류가 우세하 여 섭식조합 BMX와 BMJ 등이 많이 출현하였고, 반면 사질퇴적상에서는 여과식성, 고착 성 및 촉수를 가진 FDT와 SST 등의 섭식조합이 우점하였다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.84-95
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• 1989

한국(韓國) 동남해역(東南海城)의 대륙붕(大陸棚)에서 채집된 저서다모류(底棲多毛類)를 대상으로 Fauchald와 Jumars(1979)에 의해 제기된 다모류(多毛類)의 식이조합(食餌組合)(feeding guild)을 조사하고, 이들 식이조합(食餌組合)과 환경(環境)과의 관계(關係)를 논의(論議)하였다. 본 조사해역(調査海域)의 주요 식이조합(食餌組合)들로는 BSX(표층하퇴적물식자(表層下堆積物食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 무악(無顎)), SDT(표층퇴적물식자(表層堆積物食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 유촉수(有觸手)), SST(표층퇴적물식자(表層堆積物食者), 고착성(固着性), 유촉수(有觸手)), BMJ(표층하퇴적물식자(表層下堆積物食者), 운동성(運動性), 유악(有顎), BMX(표층하퇴적물식자(表層下堆積物食者), 운동성(運動性), 무악(無顎)) 및 SDJ(표층퇴적물식자(表層堆積物食者), (半運動性), 유악(有顎)) 등이었다. 식이조합(食餌組合)들과 퇴적물(堆積物)의 평균입도(平均粒度)간의 관계(關係)에 있어서는 SST와 BMJ는 양(陽)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보인 반면에, CDJ(육식자(肉食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 유악(有顎))와 FDT(부유물식자(浮遊物食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 유촉수(有觸手)) 등은 음(陰)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다. CDJ와 CMX(육식자(肉食者), 운동성(運動性), 무악(無顎))은 사질함량(砂質含量)에, SST는 점토질함량(粘土質含量)과 양(陽)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다. 퇴적물(堆積物)의 분급도(分級度) 역시 표층퇴적물식자(表層堆積物食者)와 부유물식자(浮遊物食者) 또는 고착성(固着性) 및 촉수(觸手)를 가진 식이조합(食餌組合)들과 약간의 양(陽)의 상관성을 보였다. 본 조사해역(調査海域)의 상비적(像備的)인 다모류(多毛類) 식이역(食餌域) (feeding surfaces)으로서 다음과 같이 4가지로 구분될 수 있었다. 즉, 니질퇴적상(泥質堆積相)을 보인 연안역(沿岸域)의 남북(南北)지역에는 SDJ가, 연안역(沿岸域)의 중앙해역(中央海域)에는 SDT, BSX 및 BMX 등이 우점(優點)하였고, 외해역(外海域)의 북(北)쪽에 위치한 니질(泥質)의 대륙붕단(大陸棚端)에는 SST 식이조합(食餌組合)이, 남부(南部) 외해역의 사질퇴적상(砂質堆積相)에는 SDJ와 IDT(부유(浮遊) 및 퇴적물식자(堆積物食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 유촉수(有觸手)) 식이조합(食餌組合)이 점유하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2004

Macrobenthos were collected at 7 stations located from $5^{\circ}N$ to $10^{\circ}N$ with 1o interval along the longitude of $131^{\circ}W$ using a box corer with sampling area of $0.25\;m^2$ in July, 1999. In order to see the vertical distribution of macrobenthos in sediments, each subcore sample was divided into 5 layers with 1 cm interval up to 6 cm depth. Each subcore sample was sieved through 0.3 mm mesh screen and fixed with 10% Rose Bengal added formalin. A total of 22 faunal groups in 11 phyla were sampled and the average density was $959\;{\pm}\;584\;ind./m^2$. Foraminiferans comprised 34.8% of total specimens were the most abundant fauna, and followed by nematodes (27.5%), polychaete worms (15.7%), and benthic harpactoid copepods (10.4%). A latitudinal trend was shown in the distribution of macrobenthos; the maximum density of $1,832\;ind./m^2$ appeared at station N06 and the most poverished community occurred at station N09 with the density of $248\;ind./m^2$. The density of typical macrofaunal taxa except foraminiferans and nematods was $116\;ind./m^2$. In the vertical distribution of macrobenthos, more than 70% of macrobenthos occurred in the upper 2 cm layer, and upper 4 cm layer contained about 90% of macrofauna. Polychaete worms consisted of 22 families, and cirratulid and paraonid worms were dominant polychaete species. The prominant feeding guilds of polychaete worms were SDT (surface, descretely motile, tenaculate feeding) and SMX (surface, motile, non-jawed); they comprised more than 50% of polychaete abundance. These feeding guilds of polychaete worms suggests that the deep sea benthos should be well adapted the newly settled deposits from water column, but this should be clarified by the further studies.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.127-143
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• 2005

The taxonomic sufficiency approach has been proposed as a surrogate for the typical analysis of species-abundance data, especially in conditions involving prominent pollution gradients. Here, we evaluate the use of taxonomic sufficiency with infralittoral macrobenthic data derived from samples taken in a moderate polluted subtropical environment in southeastern Brazil, analysing five taxonomic levels and including two functional levels throughout polychaete feeding guilds and trophic groups. The data were collected seasonally at nine stations and studied for two abundance data series (0.5 and 1.0 mm sieve mesh-size). The results showed a similar ordination pattern between the two sieve mesh-size, but with the 0.5 mm sieve data a different pattern was observed during austral summer. A slight loss of information was detected using genus, family, polychaete species and their feeding guilds as taxonomic/functional units. These results together with those of the cost! benefit ratio, suggested that the family level seemed to be sufficient to detect the impact caused by moderate pollution in this shallow-water, subtropical environment. In additional, through the use of feeding guilds, similar patterns are obtained. Correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll a, total organic matter, zinc, and chromium sediment content were the variables that best explained the biological pattern observed and not always the best correlation coefficient occurring at the species level. The feeding guild approach seems to be useful and generates interpretable results similar to those obtained with the species level of the whole macroinfauna. The results showed an important cost reduction in the sample processing, suggesting that it is possible to adopt a coarser taxonomic level monitoring program even in species-rich communities.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.841-857
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• 2012

Preliminary ecological environmental assessments including physico-chemical constituents, water quality, fish fauna analysis, physical habitat health, and ecological health assessment were conducted as a primary step for Jeungchon micro-habitat ecosystem restoration in 2012. Water chemistry analysis of conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and etc. indicated that there were no significant differences(p < 0.05) among 6 sites between the headwaters and downstream. Multi-metric model analysis of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index(QHEI) showed that brooklets were at "good condition" as a mean QHEI of 158.7(n = 6) and the longitudinal differences of the model values between the sites were minor(QHEI range: 153 - 165). Total fish species and the number of individuals were 12 and 481, respectively, and dominant species were Zacco platypus(49.5%) and Zacco koreanus(36.8%). Tolerance guild analysis showed that the proportion of sensitive species($S_S$) had a negative linear function[$S_S=86.35-0.31(D_H)$; $R^2$ = 0.892, p < 0.01] with a distance from the headwaters, while the proportion of tolerant species($T_S$) had a positive linear function($R^2$ = 0.950, F = 90.28, p < 0.001) with the distance. Trophic feeding guild analysis showed that the proportion of insectivore species($I_n$) had a negative linear function($R^2$ = 0.934, p < 0.01) with a distance from the headwaters, while the proportion of omnivore species($O_m$) had a positive linear function($R^2$ = 0.958, p < 0.001) with the distance. Index of Biological Integrity(IBI) model, based on fish assemblages, showed a "fair condition" as a mean IBI of 23(n = 6), and there was a distinct differences of ecological health between the headwaters(S1 = 30; "good condition") and the downstreams(S6 = 14; "poor condition"). Overall, the preliminary environmental impact assessments suggest that water quality, physical habitat conditions(QHEI model), and ecological health(IBI model) were maintained well, even if the state was not an excellent conditions.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.128-138
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 '국가해양생태계종합조사' 결과를 활용하여 "암반 조하대에 서식하는 연체동물의 군집구조가 먹이자원의 종류와 양에 따라 섭식형(feeding type)별로 차이를 보일 수 있는지?"를 확인하였다. 다수의 참고문헌을 바탕으로 연체동물 섭식형을 초식형, 여과섭식형, 퇴적물섭식형, 잡식형, 포식형으로 구분하였을 때, 조사해역에서는 초식형과 여과섭식형이 우점하였다. 해역별로는 동해에서 초식형 비율(47.9%)이 가장 높았고, 남해에서는 초식형(32.6%)과 여과섭식형의 비율(29.6%)이 유사하게 높았으며, 황해에서는 여과섭식형 비율(42.3%)이 우세하여 해역별로 섭식형에 따른 연체동물의 군집구조가 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 "연체동물의 해역별 섭식형에 따른 군집구조 차이가 우연한 것인지?" 아니면, 각 "섭식형별 활용 가능한 먹이자원의 종류와 양(조성율, %)적 차이에 의한 것인지?"를 파악한 결과, 섭식형에 따른 군집구조의 차이는 각 섭식형별 활용 가능 먹이자원의 종류와 양적 차이에서 기인됨을 확인하였다. 초식형이 우점한 동해에서는 투명도가 상대적으로 2배 정도 높아 해조류 성장에 유리하였으며, 그 중에서도 엽상형(sheet form)과 다육질형(thick-leathery form)의 해조류 군집이 발달되어 있어 초식형의 먹이자원이 풍부하였다. 한편, 초식형과 여과섭식형의 비율이 유사하게 높았던 남해에서는 해조류 군집이 발달되었을 뿐만 아니라, 식물플랑크톤 밀도가 상대적으로 가장 높았으며, 황해는 타 해역 대비 해조류의 서식량이 가장 낮은 반면 식물플랑크톤의 밀도는 유사하여 여과섭식형의 서식에 유리한 조건이었다. 따라서, 연체동물의 군집구조, 특히 섭식형에 기초한 'Feeding guild'로서의 군집구조는 우연히 결정되는 것이 아니라, 이들의 서식지 내에서 이용 가능한 먹이자원의 종류 및 양이 하나의 주요한 결정 요소로 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2007

Species biotic index (SBI), based on a fish assemblage, was applied to a stream assessment using long-term ecological fish data set (1996 to 2001) in Boryong dam area, which is located in the mainstream of Ungchun Stream of Chungnam province, Korea. According to the methods of Hilsenhoff (1988), the scores of tolerance guild assigned 10 classes to each species by its habitat and feeding guild, but modified current 7 criteria to 5 scoring standards due to unclear borderline among species. Relative abundance in the species number of upper stream guilds was only 7% of the total, whereas the abundance in the species number of middle to downstream upper stream guilds was 64%. Mean SBI, based on dataset in Site 1 during 1995-2001 averaged 5.10, which was judged as a "good" condition by the rank criteria of SBI. Before the dam construction, mean SBI in the Site 1 was 4.61, indicating a "good" condition, but after the dam construction, mean SBI was 5.60, indicating a "fair" condition. Trajectory analysis in the Site 1 showed significantly (One-way ANOVA, $F_{6,21}=3.26$, p=0.02) different among years, reflecting the changes of fish composition and population density by the dam construction, whereas Site 2 showed no significant changes ($F_{6,21}=1.00$, P =0.45) difference among years. Mean SBI prior to the dam construction in the Site 3 was 4.52 but after the construction, the value was 6.30, indicating a distinct difference between the pre- and post-dam construction. Trajectory analysis at the Site 3 supported this fact: Values of SBI showed significantly ($F_{6,21}$=14.37, p<0.01) different. Mean SBI was 4.67 in the Site 4, indicating a "good" condition in the health and the health rank was same as the sampling sites 1, 2, and 4. Trajectory in the Site 4 showed no significant ($F_{6,21}=2.35$, p=0.07) difference among the years. Overall, our trajectory analysis indicated that three of four sampling sites (sites 1, 3, 4) showed significant decreases (n=7, p<0.05) and that the proportions of sensitive species declined evidently in the sites 1 and 2 and the tolerant species increased in the dam sites. Our outcomes may be used as a key data for diagnosis of the long-term ecological impact in the future in the watershed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Background: Fish body size is a major determinant of freshwater trophic interactions, yet only a few studies have explored the relationship between the fish body size and trophic interactions in river upstream. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the body size and trophic position (TP) of Coreoperca kawamebari (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) in an upstream of the Geum River. Results: A stable isotope analysis (based on δ¹⁵N) was used to determine the TP based on the body size of C. kawamebari. The regression analysis (n = 33, f = 63.840, r² = 0.68) clearly showed the relationship between the body length and TP of C. kawamebari. The TP of C. kawamebari was clearly divided by body size into the following classes: individuals of size < 10 cm that feed on insects and individuals of size > 10 cm feed on juvenile fish. This selective feeding is an evolutionarily selective tendency to maximize energy intake per unit time. Furthermore, the diet shift of C. kawamebari was led by different spatial distributions. The littoral zone was occupied by individuals of size < 10 cm, and those of size > 10 cm were mainly in the central zone. The littoral zone can be assumed to be enriched with food items such as ephemeropterans and dipterans. Conclusion: The TP of C. kawamebari, as a carnivorous predator, will have a strong influence on biotic interactions in the upstream area of the Geum River, which can lead to food web implication.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.572-580
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• 2000

남해안에 위치한 진해만의 8개 정점에서 1998년 1월부터 11월까지 격월로 대형저서동물 군집구조를 조사하였다. 조사 결과 총237종, 평균 1,939개체/$m^2$, 평균 171.6gwwt/$m^2$의 대형저서동물이 출현하였다. 이 중 환형동물이 80종으로 $33.8{\%}$를 차지하였다. 이들의 밀도는 1,536개체/$m^2$로 전체 밀도의 $79.2{\%}$를 차지하였다. 또한 현존량에서는 연체동물이 $95.9 gwwt/m^2$로 전체의 $55.9{\%}$를 차지하고 있었다. 주요 우점종으로는 개체수에서의 경우 연체동물의 아기반투명조개 (T. fragilis)와 갯지렁이류의 긴자락송곳갯지렁이 (L. longifolia), 솜털바퀴실타래갯지렁이 (C. setosa), S. tentaculata, 가는실타래갯지렁이 (C. cirratus), P. pinnata였으며 이중 긴자락송곳갯지렁이 (L. longifolia)는 평균 417개체/$m^2$로 현저히 높은 출현을 보였다. 현존량에서는 잔주름살조개 (p. euglypta), 녹껍질대양조개 (M. contabulata), 피조개 (S. broughtonii)가 우점적이었다. 집괴분석 결과 이 지역은 가장 내만에 위치한 정점과 중앙부의 한 정점을 기준으로 2개의 정점군과 2개의 정점으로 구분되었다. 입도분석 자료를 이용한 갯지렁이 섭식조합을 위해 해역에서 출현한 갯지렁이류를 SD형, BB형, 55형, CV형의 4가지로 구분할 수 있었다.