• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.863-871
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• 2002

To compare the costs incurred by infant feeding between mothers who breastfed their infants and those who fed them infant formula, a questionnaire survey was carried out to 136 mothers living in Seoul, Cheongju and Chungju who breastfed and 199 mothers who formula-fed their infants. The cost of formula-feeding was estimated based on the expenditures for formula and feeding apparatus, and the time needed to wash bottles and prepare formula. The cost of breastfeeding was estimated based on the expenditures for food for the additional nutritional intake of these mothers. The mean cost of formula-feeding was ￦ 1,870,125 during the first year of the baby＇s life. The food cost for the additional nutritional intake of the breastfeeding mothers was ￦ 203.004 per year. The extra medical cost for respiratory illnesses in the formula-fed group compared to the breastfed group was W 62,920 because the formula-fed infants required medical attention for respiratory illnesses more often than the breast-fed infants. Therefore, breastfeeding could save ￦ 1,730,041 during the first year of an infant＇s life. We may have underestimated the cost savings from breastfeeding because we did not take into account the potentially decreased costs of fertility control and the health benefits for mothers. as well as the decreased usage of water and gas. Analyses showed that breastfeeding is not only nutritionally advantageous, but also economically advantageous for families and society.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.433-440
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• 1996

This study was carried out using a questionnaire in order to investigate factors affecting the status and the method of infant feeding in Incheon area. The subjects were 126 monthers of infants ranging from 3 months to 18 months. The results are : the percentages of those feeding colostrum and breast milk has decreased in comparison with the previous results. But the percentage of breast-feeding gets higher in a case where colostrum or breast milk is first fed after delivery. Also frequency and birth order of child plays a part : the more frequently monthers try to feed breast milk in the earliest period of feeding, the more they keep breast-feeding, and the latter-born(the second-born or the third born) children get more chances to be breast-fed than the first-born. Another noticeable factor is what babies feed on during hospitalization. if they get fed more breast milk than infant formula while they are in hospital, they tend to keep feeding on breast milk after they come back home. Breast-feeding group have good knowledge and information abut the importance of breast-feeding. The data shows that they believe the superiority of breast milk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1749-1754
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• 2003

The study was undertaken to see the effect of elevated feeding during pre-partum or pre- as well as post-partum period on the productive and reproductive performance of crossbred cows. The experiment lasted for 60 d pre-partum to 120 d post-partum. Eighteen dry pregnant crossbred cows divided into three equal groups were fed either as per NRC feeding standard (C) or 20% above NRC during 60 d pre-partum ($T_1$) or fed 20% above NRC during both 60 d pre-partum to 120 d post-partum ($T_2$) period. During prepartum period body weight gain was significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) higher in $T_1$ and $T_2$ groups than that of control group. The animals fed at higher plane of nutrition ($T_1$ and $T_2$) took significantly lesser time for complete relaxation of pelvic muscles, act of calving and for expulsion of placenta than that of control group. Moreover, such cows delivered 2 to 3 kg heavier calves as compared to normal fed dams. During post-partum period, the average daily milk yield was significantly higher in $T_2$ group than that in $T_1$ and control groups. The peak yield was significantly higher in $T_2$ group, it took longer time to reach peak production but it was more persistent in this group as compared to $T_1$ and control groups. Average milk fat, solids-not-fat (SNF) and total solids were significantly higher in $T_1$ and $T_2$ groups as compared to control group. Body weight losses incurred during early lactation were not even compensated by end of 4th month of lactation in C and $T_1$ groups whereas the animals in $T_2$ group gained 2.0 kg. The 1st post-partum estrus and conception rate were better in high fed groups ($T_1$ and $T_2$) than that of control group. The returns over feed cost of milk production were higher in $T_2$ group followed by $T_1$ and control groups indicating the advantage of elevated feeding during pre- and post-partum periods.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.445-455
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• 2017

본 연구는 모자동실 유형에 따른 산모의 피로도와 모유수유율에 차이가 있는지를 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 서울소재 일 종합병원의 모자동실제 정책이 전일모자동실제에서 부분모자동실제로 전환된 후 두 제도 간에 산모의 피로도와 모유수유율에 차이가 있는지 비교하기 위해 수행되었으며, 평가내용은 출산 후 산모의 피로도와 모유수유율을 비교분석하여 관련성을 파악하는 것이다. 전일모자동실제의 산모 64명을 대상으로 자체 평가한 2012년 10월의 분석결과와 부분모자동실제로 전환운영한 2014년 6- 7월까지의 산모 43명을 대상으로 수집한 자료를 비교분석하였다. 자료처리 및 분석방법은 SPSS 22.0을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, $x^2-test$, t-test, 피어슨상관관계분석을 통해 4개의 가설을 검정하였다. 그 결과 '전일모자동실군이 부분모자동실군보다 하루 수유횟수가 많은 것'으로 나타났으며, '전일모자동실군과 부분모자동실군 간에 모유수유율은 차이가 없었다'. '전일모자동실군이 부분모자동실군보다 피로도가 높았으며', '산모의 피로도와 입원기간동안의 모유수유율은 관련이 없게' 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 토대로 모자동실제 유형에 따라 모유수유율에는 차이가 없으므로 산모의 피로도가 높은 전일모자동실제로 운영하는 것 보다 산모와 신생아의 상태를 고려하여 개별화된 부분모자동실제로 운영하는 방안을 고려해 볼 수 있다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2002

자연산 바지락 (Ruditapes philippinarum) 개체군의 생식 주기와 수온-먹이섭이 및 절식조건에 따른 생식소 발달의 인위적 제어 결과를 조직학적 관찰에 의해 조사하였다. 곰소만 자연산 바지락 개체군의 생식소 발달에 따른 암수 개체의 생식주기는 초기활성기 (4-5월), 완숙기 (4-8월), 부분산란기 (5-10월), 퇴화 및 비활성기 (8-3월)의 연속적인 5단계로 구분할 수 있었다. 수온에 따른 생식소 발달의 인위적 제어 실험에서, 바지락은 저수온 (10$^{\circ}C$) 에 의해 억제되었다. 19$^{\circ}C$ 및 22$^{\circ}C$의 고수온에 노출시킨 실험구에서 생식소 발달은 고수온에 의해 촉진되었는데, 자연산 개체군의 것보다 약 1달 빠르게 나타났다. 고수온-먹이섭이 실험구에서, 작은개체 실험구의 생식소 발달 단계가 큰개체구 실험보다 더 빠르게 나타났으며, 저수온 (10$^{\circ}C$)의 것보다 더 빠르게 나타났다 (p=0.01). 암, 수 모든 개체들에서 고수온 (22-28$^{\circ}C$)-절식구 실험구의 생식소 발달관계가 고수온-섭이 실험구의 것들보다 더 빠른 것으로 나타났다. (paired sample t-test, p=0.004). 42일 경과 후 암컷과 수컷의 먹이섭이-고수온 실험구에서, 고수온-작은개체 실험구 조건이 큰개체의 생식소 발달보다 더 민감하게 나타났다. 그러나 저수온-수컷개체 실험구는 암컷 개체들의 실험구보다 반응이 좀 더 민감하게 나타났다. 전반적으로 고수온 실험구의 성적성숙이 저수온구보다 빠르게 나타났으며, 암수 개체 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다 (paired sample t-test, p=0.001). 42일 경과 후 절식 실험구에서, 고수온-수컷 큰개체 실험구의 생식소 발달이 고수온-암컷 큰개체 실험구의 것들보다 빠르게 나타났다. 그러나 작은 개체들의 생식소 발달 단계는 먹이섭이 실험구와 절식 실험구사이에 동일한 양상을 보였다. 산란 성기중 암수 개체들의 경우는 고수온-절식 실험구의 생식소 발달이 암컷과 수컷의 성 및 개체의 크기에 관계없이 고수온-먹이섭이 실험구의 것들보다 더 빠르게 나타났으며, 암수간 유의한 차를 보였다(paired sample t-test, p=0.004).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 1991

This study designs to investigate effects of onion diet on carbon tetrachloride toxicity of rats. Experiments were performed with week's feeding, body weight, food intake, ratio of orgen weight/dody weight, serum lipid levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in liver and kidney were determined. The content of serum total cholesterol in each group were lower than those of control group(p<0.05), especially at onion juice treated group. Serum HDL-cholesterol level of CBB and CBJ groups was significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase activities of liver and kidney were significantly increased by carbon tetrachloride treatment and decreased by onion feeding. MDA contents in liver and kidney of CCl4 treated rats were significantly decreased by boiled and fresh onion fed group, compared with CCl4 treated control group. This result suggested that onion diet has a protective effect of CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of rat.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2011

멸종위기종 꾸구리의 생태학적 특징과 복원의 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 서식환경과 연령, 섭식생태를 2010년부터 2011년까지 강원도 원주시 부론면 흥호리에서 조사를 실시하였다. 꾸구리의 서식조건은 수심 10~40 cm, 유속 40~120 cm/sec, 하상입자 크기는 8~20 cm였고, 자갈층의 층수가 서식밀도의 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 연령은 5월을 기준으로 만 1년생 체장 28~42 mm, 만 2년생은 체장 43~58 mm, 만 3년생은 체장 59~68 mm, 만 4년생 이상은 체장 69~85 mm로 추정되었으며 암컷이 수컷보다 4~10 mm가 더 컸다. 섭식시간대는 00시부터 06시 사이에 주로 섭식하여 야행성 어류로 판단되었고, 위 내용물은 날도래목(Trichoptera) 57.7%, 파리목(Diptera) 26.0%, 하루살이목(Ephemeroptera) 16.3% 순으로 높았으며, 크기가 작은 당년생 치어는 하루살이목과 파리목을 주로 섭식하였지만 성장하면서 크기가 큰 날도래목을 주로 섭식하였다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.58-60
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of nutrient level and feeding method of split diets for a.m. and p.m. on laying hen performance. In both studies, ISA Brown layers were kept in laying hen cages and treatments were represented by three or four replicates each containing 25 or 34 birds. In Experiment 1, the control group(C) was fed a conventional single diet throughout the day and split diet groups(T1, T2 and T3) were offered high energy/protein - low Ca diet and low energy/protein - high Ca diets in a.m. and p.m., respectively. In split diet groups, ME and CP consumption, and feed cost required per day and per kg egg mass were significantly reduced(P＜0.05) compared to C group, while the hen-day egg production, average egg weight and daily feed intake were not different among treatments. In the second study, C and T1 groups were fed the diets same to the C and T2 groups in Experiment 1, respectively. And T2 group was fed the diet mixed with the split diets for a.m. in mash and p.m. in pellet used in T1 group. In T1 and T2 groups, daily feed intake and average egg weight were significantly reduced(P＜0.05), while the hen-day egg production was not influenced by the feeding system. Daily ME and CP consumption, and feed cost were reduced(P＜0.05) in T1 and T2, while the ME, CP and feed cost required per kg egg mass were not different to the C group. In both study, eggshell qualities were improved(P＜0.05) by split diet feeding. It was concluded the feed and nutrients consumption, feed cost per day or per kg egg mass could be spared by introducing split diets for a.m. and p.m., and the feeding method of mixed diet of split diets was also convenient and effective for sparing feed cost and improvement of eggshell quality.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2006

넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel)에서 급이와 절식이 생존과 성장 및 표현형질에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 12주에 걸친 급이와 절식 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 기간중 절식군의 생존율은 급이군에 비해 낮았다. 기아는 비만도, 일일성장률, 체중 성장률 및 실험 종료시 체중에서의 감소를 보이는 성장 저해를 나타낸 반면, 급이군은 지속적이고 양호한 성장을 보였다. 절식군은 급이군에 비하여 유사한 dressing비와 내장괴지수를 보였으며, 낮은 내장괴제거 체중을 보였다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 급이와 절식 파악에 사용된 표현형질은 본 종의 영양 상태 확인의 지표로 유용하며, 넙치 표본시의 성장 시기 평가 결정에 유용하리라 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the feeding mixture of linseed oil, rich in n-3 PUFA and the sunflower seed oil, rich in n-6 PUFA on the lipid metabolism in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats. After male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced hyperlipidemia by feeding the diet containing lard, butter and cholesterol for 3 weeks, then they were fed with the diet containing lard 3.0 % and butter 12.0% for control, the mixture in different proportion of both linseed oil and sunflower seed oil and antihyperlipidemic drugs for 2 weeks. Analysis of the lipid component of the serum showed following results. Concentration of total cholesterol in serum was significantly lower in the other groups except group 2 (lard 3.0 % + olive oil 12.0%) than in the control group , especially in groups 3 (cholestyramine 2.0%) and 5 (lard 3.0% + linseed oil 12.0%). HDL-C and the ratio of HDL-C to total cholesterol concentration were higher in groups 1, 3, 5 and 9 (lard 3.0% + sunflower seed oil 12.0%) , while the atherosclerotic index was low in groups3, 5. Concentrations of free cholesterol and choesteryl ester in serum were significantly lower in the other groups except group 2 than in the control group, especially lower in grop 5. Concentration of LDL was significantly higher in group 2 while it was remarkably lower in groups 3 and 5, while those of triglyceride in groups in 3 and 4 (lipraroid) were significantly higher than in the control groups. From the data on concentration of total choelsterol , HDL-cholesterol, LDL, phospholipid and triglyceride in serum, the results suggested that the feeding mixed with 3.0% lard and 12.0% linseed oil or 2.0% cholestyramine were most effective for the improvement of the serum lipids.