• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

본 연구는 겨울철 넙치 사육시 부상 배합사료의 적정 공급횟수와 공급률을 조사하기 위해 평균 체중 45.0 g의 넙치를 각 수조마다 20마리씩 3반복으로 수용하여 60일간 사육하였다. 사료 공급횟수는 1일 3회, 1일 2회, 1일 1회 및 2일 1회로 설정하였으며 사료 공급량은 만복 및 만복의 $80\%$로 설정하였다. 생존율은 모든 실험구에서 $96\%$이상이었으며, 증중량은 1일 2회 만복 공급구가 1일 3회 공급구와 통계적인 차이는 없었지만 가장 높았고. 2일 1회 제한 공급구가 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다. (P<0.05). 그리고 동일한 공급횟수에서 만복 공급구가 제한 공급구보다 높은 성장을 보였다. 일일사료섭취율은 만복 공급구와 제한 공급구 모두 공급횟수가 증가할수록 증가하다가 1일 2회 공급구 이상에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 사료효율과 단백질효율은 1일 3회 제한 공급구가 가장 높았고 2일 1회 제한 공급구가 낮은 값을 보였으며(P<0.05), 나머지 실험구들 사이에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사육 실험 종료시 전어체의 수분, 단백질, 지질 및 회분함량은 모든 실험구간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터, 평균체중 45-53 g의 넙치치어를 겨울철에 사육할 때는 부상배합사료를 1일 2회 만복으로 공급하는 것이 바람직 할 것이라 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1282-1289
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• 2001

One feeding trial and two metabolic trials were conducted to investigate the effects of lysine to protein ratio in practical swine diets on growth performance and efficiency of nitrogen retention and utilization in different growing phases. In Trial one (the feeding trial), 90 mixed sex pigs weighing $9.1{\pm}1.4kg$ (Duroc ${\times}$ Landrance ${\times}$ Beijing Black) were used to study the effects of concentrations of 5.2, 5.3, 5.8, 6.4 and 7.2 g lysine/100 g CP in diets containing 1.2% lysine on growth performance and serum urea nitrogen. The results showed that feed conversion efficiency and economic efficiency were best for pigs fed the diet containing the lysine concentration of 5.8 g /100 g crude protein. Serum urea nitrogen concentration decreased linearly (p=0.0009) and serum free lysine content increased linearly (p=0.0017) as the lysine to protein ratio in diets increased from 5.2 to 7.2 g/100 g. In Trials two and three (the metabolic trials), five growing barrows (Duroc ${\times}$ Landrance ${\times}$ Beijing black), with initial body weights of approximately $26{\pm}2.4kg$ and $56.3{\pm}3.5kg$, respectively, were allotted to five dietary treatments according to a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design. Trial two contained 5.2, 5.7, 6.1, 6.7 and 6.8 g lysine/100 g CP treatments. Trial three contained 4.6, 5.0, 5.6, 6.1 and 6.6 g lysine/100 g CP treatments. The results showed that nitrogen retention in growing pigs decreased linearly (p=0.0011 in Trial two; p=0.0099 in Trial three) as the lysine to protein ratio in diets increased. The ratio of lysine to protein in diets resulting in maximum nitrogen retention was 5.2 g/100 g and 5.0 g/100 g in Trial two and Trial three, respectively. In Trial two, apparent biological value and gross nitrogen efficiency increased linearly (p=0.0135 and p=0.0192, respectively) as the lysine to protein ratio increased from 5.2 to 6.8 g lysine/100 g CP. In summary, we concluded that the optimal Lysine to Protein Ratios for 8-20 kg and 20-80 kg pigs were 5.8 g/100 g and 5.0 to 5.2 g/100 g, respectively.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the application possibility of leaf and stem extract(LSE) extracted from the mixture of leaf and stem of ginseng radix(Panax ginseng CA. Meyer). This study measured the intake levels and efficiency ratio, growth rate, absorption ratio of carbohydrate, lipid and protein of rat by feeding with LSE during 6 weeks. We analyse the hematological and serum metabolic variables, serum lipid concentrations. Total diet and protein intake levels were low, but efficiency ratios were significantly high in LSE administered groups than the control group. Weight gain, liver and kidney weight of LSE groups were significantly higher than the control group. Blood RBC, Hct, Hb, total protein and albumin concentrations were reasonable levels in LSE administered groups compared to the basal diet group. Also serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride contents of LSE groups were low, but HDL-cholesterol level was higher than the basal diet group. These results imply that leaf and stem of ginseng radix could be used as possible food resources, functional food material and feed stuff.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.78-99
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of pine oil on the body weight and lipid levels of serum in rats fed high cholesterol diet and high fat diet, Body weight, weight of various organs, and feeding efficiency ratio were measured to study the effect of pine oil on obesty at 4 weeks after an oral administration, Total cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were also analysed to identify the ameliorating effect of pine oil on lipid metabolism in serum of same rats, The results were summerized as follows; 1. The increase in body weight and feeding efficiency ratio induced by choleserol diet was less in pine oil treated rats, Furthermore, decrease in weight of liver, kidney, spleen, testis, and epididymis were observed in pine oil treated rats. 2, Associated with the decrease in body weight, there was a concomitant reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and total lipid in rats fed high cholesterol diet and high fat diet. respectively, after an oral administration of pine oil. 3. Serum levels of LDL-cholesterol was significantly decrease after an oral administration of pine oil in rats fed high fat diet. These results suggest that pine oil can ameliorate obesity and lipid metabolism in serum.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different additives on the growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in Holstein steers during 18month fattening periods. Twenty four Holstein steers, 5months of age and 176.6kg, were randomly allocated to 3 experimental groups 8 animals each for 18-months feeding trial. The groups were control (not additive), T1 (fed zinc, Vitamin C) and T2 (fed zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin B6 and Selenium). According to feeding additives, final weight was not significantly different among the treatment groups, tended to be high at T2 group (827kg) compared to the other groups. Average daily gain was not different among the treatment groups during the experimental periods, but T2 group was significantly greater than T1 group in growing stage (p<0.05). The feed additives had no effects on DMI during experimental periods. Feed conversion ratio of T1 group in growing stage was significantly higher than those of other groups (p<0.05), average feed conversion ratio was tend to be decreased at T2 group rather compared with other groups. In the results of yield traits, carcass weight were relatively higher in T2 group than other groups (p<0.05). Rib-eye area, back fat thickness and yield index were similar between groups. In quality traits, marbling, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were not significantly different among the groups. In economic efficiency, income was highest at T2 group as 91~393 thousand won among 3 groups.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2013

가축사육지역으로부터 발생되는 강우유출수 처리를 위해 건설된 인공습지에 대해 2010년 5월부터 2011년 11월까지 수행한 20회의 강우시 모니터링을 통하여 얻은 자료를 분석한 결과 강우시 저감효율은 TSS 88%, BOD 54%, $COD_{Mn}$ 35%, $COD_{Cr}$ 70%, TN 31%, TP 64%이었다. 이론적으로 강우계급의 증가(강우유출량 증가)는 습지의 수리학적 교환비율을 증가시키기 때문에 TSS 저감효율은 감소해야하는데 교환비율이 1에 접근하였을 때 대략 55%의 효율을 달성하였다. 또한 연속적인 강우활동, 개별적인 강우사상의 대소, 강도, 선행건기 일수 등 습지에서는 실험자가 제어할 수 없는 수많은 자연변수들이 복합적으로 작용하기 때문에 처리효율의 변동이 매우 컸다. 효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 요인으로는 수리학적 요인과 함께 조류증식이 성능 불확실성에 크게 기여하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.611-618
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• 2016

A $3{\times}2$ factorial experiment was conducted to investigate effects of water temperature and feeding rate on growth and body composition of olive flounder. Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 118 g) fed a extruded pellet (55% protein and 4708 cal/g) to satiation and at restricted feeding rates of 0.25 and 0.4% body weight per day (BW/d) at the different water temperatures (13 and $18^{\circ}C$) for 9 weeks. Weight gain increased significantly with increase in feeding rates at each temperature. Weight gain of fish fed to satiation was significantly higher at 18 than $13^{\circ}C$, whereas, that of fish fed at 0.25 and 0.4% BW/d were significantly or slightly lower at 18 than $13^{\circ}C$. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed to satiation were not significantly different between 13 and $18^{\circ}C$, but those of fish fed at 0.25 and 0.4% BW/d were significantly higher at 13 than $18^{\circ}C$. The major finding of this study is that satiation feeding is efficient for optimal growth and feed efficiency of grower oliver flounder (116-164 g) in suboptimal water temperatures. The maintenance feeding ration which is zero growth performance, were 0.30 and 0.41% BW/day at 13 and $18^{\circ}C$, respectively. In the restricted feeding regime, compromised growth of fish were worsen in higher water temperature ($18^{\circ}C$ vs. $13^{\circ}C$). It might be related to high metabolic rate of fish that spend more energy for maintenance metabolism. Based on these results, we suggest that a satiation feeding regime is recommended for a productive growth of grower olive flounder in the suboptimal temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1057-1068
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• 2014

The major goals of the poultry industry are to increase the carcass yield and to reduce carcass fatness, mainly the abdominal fat pad. The increase in poultry meat consumption has guided the selection process toward fast-growing broilers with a reduced feed conversion ratio. Intensive selection has led to great improvements in economic traits such as body weight gain, feed efficiency, and breast yield to meet the demands of consumers, but modern commercial chickens exhibit excessive fat accumulation in the abdomen area. However, dietary composition and feeding strategies may offer practical and efficient solutions for reducing body fat deposition in modern poultry strains. Thus, the regulation of lipid metabolism to reduce the abdominal fat content based on dietary composition and feeding strategy, as well as elucidating their effects on the key enzymes associated with lipid metabolism, could facilitate the production of lean meat and help to understand the fat-lowering effects of diet and different feeding strategies.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2005

본 연구는 지질과 단백질 함량이 다른 두 종류 부상사료의 적정 공급횟수와 공급율을 조사하기 위해 평균 체중 55.1 g의 넙치를 각 수조마다 20마리씩 3반복으로 수용하여 58일 동안 사육하였다. 사료공급휫수는 1일 3회, 1일 2회 및 1일 1회로 설정하였으며 사료 공급량은 만복 및 만복의 80%로 각각 설정하였다. 생존율은 모든 실험 구에서 82% 이상이였으며, 평균 증중량은 EP1의 1일 2회 만복 공급구가 가장 높은 증중량을 보였으며, EP1의 1일 2회 및 3회 제한 공급구와 EP2의 1일 2회 제한 공급구가 가장 낮았다. 일일사료섭취율은 EP1의 1일 2회와 1일 3회 만복 공급구가 가장 높았고, EP2의 1일 3회 만복 공급구와 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 사료효율과 단백질효율은 사료 조성, 공급횟수 및 공급을 모두 영향을 받지 않았다(P>0.05). 사육실험 종료시, 근육의 수분 함량은 동일한 사료와 공급휫수에서 제한 공급구가 만복 공급구에 비해 높았다. 이상의 결과들로 보아 평균체중 $55{\sim}90g$인 넙치의 성장을 위해 EP1과 EP2를 1일 2회 만복으로 공급하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2013

We performed four sets of feeding trials to establish optimum feed size (Exp-I), stocking density (Exp-II) and feeding frequency (Exp-III and IV) for Korean rockfish. In Exp-I, three different particle sizes of a commercial diet (small, 2.0-2.1 mm; medium, 2.4-3.2 mm; and large, 4.0-5.3 mm) were fed to four replicate groups of fish ($22.8{\pm}0.1g$), each of which was fed to apparent satiation for six weeks. In Exp-II, fish ($44.3{\pm}0.4g$) were reared at four stocking densities (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 $kg/m^3$) and fed a commercial diet to apparent satiation for four weeks. In Exp-III, fish ($14.8{\pm}0.1g$) were fed a commercial diet once, twice, thrice, $4{\times}$ or $5{\times}$ a day at a feeding ratio of 3.25% of body mass. Another group of fish was fed the same commercial diet $5{\times}$ a day to apparent satiation; this treatment was designated FS (five times satiation/day). In Exp-IV, fish ($31.3{\pm}0.1g$) were fed a commercial diet once, twice, thrice or $4{\times}$ a day to apparent satiation. Another group of fish was fed to apparent satiation once every 48 hours. In Exp-I, fish fed the large particle (4.0-5.3 mm) diet had a significantly higher feed conversion ratio and lower protein efficiency ratio than fish fed the small particle diet. In Exp-II, groups of fish reared at densities of 4.5 and 6.0 $kg/m^3$ had significantly higher feed intake and growth performance than fish reared at 1.5 and 3.0 $kg/m^3$. In Exp-III, fish fed to apparent satiation had significantly higher growth performances than fish fed once or $4{\times}$ a day. A significantly higher feed conversion ratio and a lower protein efficiency ratio were obtained in the FS group. In Exp-IV, growth performance and feed utilization efficiency were not significantly affected by experimental variation in feeding frequency. Fish fed to apparent satiation once every 48 hours had better feed utilization than those in other treatments and growth performances of those were comparable. Therefore, the optimum feed particle size, stocking density and feeding frequency for Korean rockfish under conditions we used were 2.0-3.2 mm, 4.5-6.0 $kg/m^3$, and once a day or once every 48 hour, respectively.