• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.637-648
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding garcinia cambogia extract (HCA) and/or L-carnitine and exercise (swimming) on body weight in rats. Forty-eight male rats (Charles River CD (SD) IGS) of eight weeks old and weighing $323.5\pm2.4g$ were raised for two months with high fat diet ($40\%$ fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats weighing $552.8\pm5.8g$ were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for six weeks with diet containing HCA and/or L-carnitine. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein and albumin levels were in normal ranges. Food and calorie intakes of H + C and H + C/H groups were highest among non-exercise (m) groups and exercise (I) groups. Food and calorie intakes of m groups were higher than those of I groups. E groups showed significantly lower body weight gain and calorie efficiency ratio than m groups and H/E group was the lowest among all groups. Perirenal fat pad weights of E groups were lower than m groups, and epididymal fat pad weights of H and H + C groups were lower than CO and C groups among m groups regardless of exercise treatment. Brown adipose tissue weights of I groups were higher than fn groups and highest in H/E group among all groups. Liver citrate lyase activities of H and C groups were lower than CO and H + C groups regardless of exercise treatment. The differences between NE groups and E groups were not found to be significantly. Liver carnitine acyltranferase activity was not significantly different among all groups. Fecal total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions were found to be higher in H and H + C uoups compared to CO and C groups both in NE and E animals, those of lipid excretions of NE groups were higher than E groups. In conclusion, HCA was more effective in reduction of body weight and body fat than L-carnitine or HCA + L-carnitine. HCA ingestion with exercise was far more effective than without exercise treatment in reducing body weight and body fat.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.104-108
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• 1998

연안 및 천해에 서식하는 반부유성 갑각류인 곤쟁이, Neomysis awatschensis를 대상으로 수온별 PCB의 시험농도에 따른 성장, 호흡, 질소배설, 섭이 및 에너지 함량을 측정하여 에너지 수지를 분석하였다. 성장, 탈피 및 호흡에 사용한 에너지를 파악하기 위해 곤쟁이의 몸체 및 탈피체의 에너지 함량을 구한 결과 각각 5.52cal와 2.17ca1였다. 곤쟁이 치하가 성체로 성장하는 동안 $10^{\circ}C$의 경우, 섭이에너지는 대조구에서 3.755ca1, 2.0ppb에서는 3.420cal 였으며, 이 가운데 각각 $70.19\%$와 $67.53\%$를 동화하였다. 그리고 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 섭이에너지가 대조구에서 5.998ca1, 2.0ppb에서는 4.166cal를 섭이하였으며, 동화효율은 각각 $76.50\%$와 $70.50\%$로 2.0ppb 농도구에서 낮았다. 그리고 $20^{\circ}C$의 경우 총동화에너지의 각 부분별 사용에너지 중 호흡에 사용한 에너지가 대조구에서 $45.78\%$, 2.0 ppb농도에서 $62.27\%$으로 대조구에 비해 2.0ppb 농도구 에서 대사에 사용하는 에너지가 많았다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.470-477
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• 2019

흰목이 버섯(Tremella fuciformis Berk)은 고혈압, 당뇨병, 비만, 폐질환, 미용에 효과가 있으며, 고대 중국에서는 불로장생약이라고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 생물전환공정을 통해 발효된 흰목이 버섯 추출물의 항비만 및 당뇨병 효과를 조사하였다. 우리는 비만 유도 시킨 C57BL / 6N 마우스에 High Fats Diet (HFD), 5% non-fermented Tremella fuciformis (TF), 2.5% fermented Tremilla fuciformis (FTF), 5% FTF를 8주간 투여하였다. 경구당 부하검사는 7주간 식이섭취 후 실시하였으며, 8주간 식이섭취 후 섭취량, 식이섭취효율, 체중, 간, 부고환 지방량 및 혈청 인슐린 수치 및 HOMA-IR을 분석하였다. 또한, 혈청 총콜레스테롤 함량 및 중성지방 함량을 분석하였다. FTF (실험)군과 TF (실험)군 및 HFD (실험)군과 비교한 결과 5% FTF (실험)군이 체중, 조직 중량, 중성지방 함량 및 HOMA-IR을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 통해 발효 흰목이 버섯은 항비만 효과를 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구는 발효 흰목이 버섯을 이용한 비만 치료의 기초자료로 사용하고자 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.750-756
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• 2010

Two trials were conducted to study the effects of two Chinese herbal polysaccharides, Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), and one Chinese herbal saponin, Acantbepanax senticosus saponin (ASS), on the immunity and growth performance of weaned pigs. Experiment 1 was a 14-day growth assay, in which 32 weaned pigs were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; ii) 0.05% APS; iii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight; and iv) 0.05% mixture of APS, ASS, and ABPS in a ratio of 1:1:1 by weight. Blood samples were collected on day 14 to determine plasma parameters. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency were also determined. Experiment 2 was a 21-day immunity assay, in which 16 weaned pigs were randomly allotted to one of two dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; and ii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight. On day 21, pigs were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 3 h later blood samples were collected and analyzed for lymphocyte proliferation as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol levels. In Experiment 1, feeding Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin increased growth performance of the pigs. The effects of the mixture of APS and ASS were especially notable, as there was a significant improvement in growth performance compared with the control (p<0.05). The plasma concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG), nitric oxide (NO), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were increased in all treatments groups, with the mixture of APS and ASS increasing the level of IgG and NOS significantly (p<0.05), compared with the control. There was no difference in the NO level between the control and treatment groups (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin showed immunostimulating effects. The level of cortisol, GH, and IGF-I were significantly increased (p>0.05), and the level of IL-6 showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the APS and ASS treatment after the LPS challenge. The mixture of APS and ASS could stimulate the blood lymphocyte proliferation significantly whether the LPS was injected or not (p<0.05). These results show that Chinese herbal extracts can improve growth performance and stimulate immunity of weaned pigs. A mixture of APS and ASS, compared with APS alone, could be a new kind of immunostimulant for weaned pigs, which could result in greater positive effects on their growth performance and immunity.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2015

A $3{\times}3$ factorial study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth, feed utilization and innate immunity of red seabream Pagrus major. Nine diets consisting of three protein levels (42%, 46% and 50% crude protein) and three lipid levels (10%, 14% and 18% crude lipid) were formulated. Triplicate groups of red seabream were fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation (5-6 times a day, from 08:00 to 18:00 h at 2-h intervals) for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed P46L14 (46% protein and 14% lipid), P50L10 (50% protein and 10% lipid) and P50L14 (50% protein and 14% lipid) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish fed P42L18 (42% protein and 18% lipid). The feed conversion ratios (FCR) of the fish were affected by dietary lipid levels (P<0.039), but not dietary protein levels. The FCR tended to increase with increasing dietary lipid levels from 10% to 18% with the 46% and 50% protein levels. The weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate, feed intake and survival of fish were not affected by either dietary protein or lipid levels. Myeloperoxidase activity in the group fed P50L14 (50% protein and 14% lipid) was significantly higher than that in the group fed P42L10 (42% protein and 10% lipid) or P50L18 (50% protein and 18% lipid). However, the myeloperoxidase activity of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or lipid level. The fish fed P46L14 (46% protein and 14% lipid) and P46L18 (46% protein and 18% lipid) showed significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity than did the fish fed P46L10 (46% protein and 10% lipid), P50L10 (50% protein and 10% lipid) of P50L18 (50% protein and 18% lipid). In conclusion, the optimum protein and lipid levels for the growth and feed utilization of juvenile red seabream were 46% and 14%, respectively, and the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio was 27.4 g/MJ.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.887-892
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• 2003

신령버섯의 균사체 배양액이 성장기 흰쥐에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 생후 7주령의 흰쥐 수컷을 대상으로 음료수에 20% 및 30% 수준으로 신령버섯 균사체 배양액을 혼합하여 5주간 급여하고 성장률, 식이섭취량, 식이효율, 장기의 무게, 간과 혈청의 지질 농도, 혈청의 단백질 농도 및 효소 활성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중증가량, 식이섭취랑, 식이효율 및 장기의 무게는 대조군과 신령버섯 음료군들이 유의한 차이를 보이 지 않았다. 간과 혈청 의 중성 지질과 콜레스테롤 농도 및 혈청의 HDL-콜레스테를 농도는 대조군과 신령버섯 음료군들이 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 혈청의 LDL-콜레스테를 농도 및 동맥경화지수는 대조군에 비해 신령버섯 음료군들이 유의하게 감소되었다. 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비율은 대조군에 비해 신령버섯 음료군들이 유의하게 증가되었다. 혈청의 총 단백질, 알부민, 혈당, 혈색소, 마그네슘 등의 농도는 각 수준별 신령버섯 음료군이 대조군과 비슷한 농도로 신령버섯 음료 섭취에 따른 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 혈청의 GPT, GOT, LDH및 ALP 등의 활성도 신령버섯 음료 섭취에 따른 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 혈청의 칼슘과 인의 농도는 대조군에 비해 신령버섯 음료군들이 유의하게 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로보아 성장기 흰쥐에 신령버섯 균사체 배양액을 20% 및 30% 수준으로 급여시 성장률, 간과 혈청의 콜레스테를 및 중성지질 농도, 단백질 농도 및 효소 활성은 정상수준을 유지하였고, 혈청의 LDL 콜레스테를 농도 및 동맥경화지수를 낮추는 효과가 있고, 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비율을 높여주는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the anti-obesitic effect of mulberry root-bark on male and female Zucker FA/FA or FA/fa rats. Obesity in the rats was induced by feeding high-lipid diet contained 3% corn oil and 1% cholesterol. Experimental groups in male and female rats were assigned to normal diet group (normal control), high-lipid diet group(positive control) and 3% mulberry root-bark powder in high-lipid diet group (MRC). The mulberry treated-group showed decreases of body weight, FER (food efficiency ratio) value and lipid peroxidation in the liver and increase of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) value, compared with positive control groups. Our findings suggest that mulberry root-bark has a potential role in preventing or improving obesity from the following points of view, body weight, serum lipids and antioxidant enzyme activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.397-403
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• 1996

Two hundred 10-day-lid, male Arbor Acres broiler chicks divided randomly into 4 groups of 50 chicks each were used. Different feeding treatment was carried out for each group. Chicks in treatment 1 were fed a basal diet(Starter feed)(control); treatment 2, a basal diet + 0.1% B. subtilis culture; treatment 3, a basal diet + 0.2% lactobacilli culture in the feed; and treatment 4, a basal diet + 5 g lactobacilli in the drinking water. The viable bacterial counts for each treatment were approximately $10^9cells/kg$ feed. The weight gain in chickens given feeds incorporated with B. subtilis and lactobacilli was significantly(p < 0.05) higher than those of the control. With regard to feed efficiency, there was a definite tendency towards a higher feed : gain lower(p < 0.05) feed : gain ratio. A significantly(p < 0.05) larger population of Lactobacillus was found in the small intestine of chickens fed with feed incorporated with B. subtilis at 21 and 28 days and with lactobacilli at 14, 21 and 28 days. Populations of intestinal E. coli in broilers given feed added with B. subtilis were not significantly(p < 0.05) different from those of the control, but in chickens fed lactobacilli-added feed, their populations wee significantly lower(p < 0.05) at 14 and 21 days. No significant differences were found among the treatments and the control in the occurrence of Salmonella and Campylobacter during the whole experimental period.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Objectives : Anti-obesity drugs that have been developed so far have limited efficacies and considerable adverse effects affecting tolerability and safety. Therefore, most anti-obesity durgs have been withdrawn. We tried to develop anti-obesity agent by combinations from herbs that are used in food ingredients as well as in traditional medicines. Methods : The 80% (v/v) ethanol extracts from Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescence) leaf (BL) and Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) and their 1:1 combination (BLSB) was evaluated on high fat diet induced obese mice compared to Omega-3 as a positive control. The mice were divided into six groups (n=5), one group fed a normal diet (ND), and the others fed a high fat diets for eight weeks. Two weeks after starting feeding the diets, the high fat diet groups were orally administered vehicle and Omega-3, BL, SB, and BLSB at dosage of 200 mg/kg/day for six weeks. All groups were assayed for body weights, food efficiency ratio, blood biochemistry parameters, and organic tissue weights. Results : BLSB group showed significant reductions in body weight gain and fat weights of liver and epididymal adipose tissue compared to BL or SB alone as well as control. Total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels significantly decreased, and HDL-cholesterol level increased. In liver tissue, macrovesicular steaotisis was remarkably improved and its fat cell size was also significantly decreased. Conclusions : These results suggested that a combination preparation of bamboo leaf and S. baicalensis has anti-obesity effect and have synergistic effect compared to bamboo leaf or S. baicalesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.384-389
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• 2016

A total of 400, one day-old commercial broiler chicks were divided into five diet groups (negative control, positive control group with 55 ppm Zn-bacitracin, 15 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan, 30 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan, and 60 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan) and fed for six weeks. Ten broilers were allotted to each of 40 floor pens. Eight floor pens were randomly assigned to one of the 5 diets. Each diet was fed to the broilers for 6 weeks with free access to water and diet. The survival rate, growth rate, feed efficiency, and feed conversion rate of the broilers were calculated. At the end of the feeding trial, the birds were slaughtered, breast muscles deboned, and quality parameters of the breast meat during storage were determined. The high level of dietary ${\beta}$-glucan (60 ppm) showed better feed conversion ratio and survival rate than the negative control. The survival rate of 60 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan-treated group was the same as that of the antibiotic-treated group, which showed the highest survival rate among the treatments. There was no significant difference in carcass yield, water holding capacity, pH, color, and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of chicken breast meat among the 5 treatment groups. Supplementation of 60 ppm ${\beta}$-glucan to broiler diet improved the survival rate and feed conversion rate of broilers to the same level as 55 ppm Zn-bacitracin group. The result indicated that use of ${\beta}$-glucan (60 ppm) can be a potential alternative to antibiotics to improve the survival and performance of broilers. However, dietary ${\beta}$-glucan showed no effects on the quality parameters of chicken breast meat.