• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.401-415
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• 2014

To prepare for the changes in the future, this study considered people in their seventies and eighties in rural areas in the last decade. Based on a survey of rural life by the Rural Development Administration, all factors were analyzed using SAS ver. 9.3. The rate of rice farming decreased, and vegetable-cultivation increased from 8.4% in 2001 to and 26.6% in 2008 for people in their seventies and eighties. The number of family members decreased to 1.96 in 2010 from 2.04 in 2001, and annual income increased by KRW 20-29 million for those in their seventies and eighties, whereas it was more than KRW 30 million for those in their forties. Bathing with warm water increased to 88.9% from 69.8%, and household waste treated by self-incineration decreased from 86.4% to 40.0% in the last decade. Separate collection spread since 2008. Food waste disposal and the burial (46.0%) showed had for people in their seventies and eighties, and animal feed increased (50.7%) for those in their forties at 2001. The separate collection increased by 39.6% in 2010 for those in their seventies and eighties and by 53.5% for those in their forties(p<0.05). The manufacture of jang and kimchi showed were little annual changes for people in their seventies and eighties. Food storage processing was higher for those in their forties. For those in their seventies and eighties, food group intake over the 2004-2010 period increased from 3.3 times a week to 4.2 times a week for protein foods and from 4.9 times a week to 5.5 times a week for vegetables. There was no change in fruits, milk, and seaweeds for those in their seventies and eighties, but there was an increase for those in their forties. The results suggest the continued increase in the manufacture of jang and kimchi and protein and vegetable intake for those in their seventies and eighties. Some direction to welfare, mechanized rice planting and living with neighbors together would be continued with good nutrition for elderly residents.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Three dietary herbs, Coptis japonica Makino (48.5%), Lonicera japonica Thunb (48.5%), and Morus alba L. (3%) were mixed and used as additives in hen's feed. One hundred-eight, 28-wk-old Lohmann Brown hens were assigned randomly with three diet treatments (0, 0.3, and 1% of herb mix). Hens were fed for 6 wks to investigate the effect of herb mix on the physicochemical quality of eggs during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 0, 3, 7, and 14 days. Proximate composition including the content of water, protein, fat, and ash had no difference among 3 diet treatments. Objective color of cooked whole egg from hens fed herb mix did not show any effect compared with control except for the color $a^*$- and $b^*$-values at day 3. However, color $a^*$- and $b^*$-values increased during storage regardless of treatment. From the texture analysis, eggs from hens fed with the herb mix were not different compared with control remove for springness at day 14. However, it was observed that springness and gumminess were decreased as storage period increased. Therefore, a dietary supplementation of herb mix to hen may not affect on proximate composition, color and texture of eggs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 1993

Membrane separation technology with polymeric membranes for the effective separation and energy conservation has emerged to be a new technology for separation in recent years. In this research, the reverse osmosis process was applied to the concentration process of clarified apple juices. The changes of concentration and permeate flux of apple juice in this process were measured at different membrane characteristics, operating pressures, temperature and flow rate. And the changes of quality were also measured at different pressures. The prediction model for the permeate flux based on these data was established. Generally, the osmotic pressure increased as the concentration of the feed increased in the RO process, which caused a reduction of permeate flux. The changes of permeate flux were not much dependent on temperature and flow rate, but very much dependent on pressure. The most effective factor in increased permeate flux was found to be the operating pressure, followed by temperature and flow rate. The final prediction model for the permeate flux was developed by the $SPSS^x$ computer program. The result showed that recovery of sugar was not affected by processing pressures, but the percentage recovery of total flavor was increased with increasing pressure.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.192-199
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Genetically modified (GM) crops must receive relevant regulator's authorization before they can be sold as seed or used food, feed and processing. Before approving any GM crop, the relevant government ministries are required to examine environmental risk assessment to make scientifically sound and socially acceptable decisions. But one of the least studied and understood areas in the environmental risk assessment of GM crops are their impact on soil microbial community. METHODS AND RESULTS: Recently, advanced methods have been developed to characterize the soil microbial community in various environments. In this study, the culture-dependent and culture-independent technical approaches for profiling soil microbial communities are summarized and their applicability to assess GM crops are discussed. CONCLUSION(S): We concluded that the effect of GM crops on soil microbial community need to be assessed on a case by case basis. The combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent method was necessary for reliable and detailed assessment of effect of GM crops on soil microbial community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2020

This paper deals with the impact of a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antenna radome on the PCV (Phase Center Variations) and the estimated kinematic coordinates. For the Trimble and Leica antennas, specially set up CORS (Continuously Operation Reference Stations) in Korea, the PCC (Phase Center Corrections) were calculated and compared for NONE, SCIS, SCIT, and TZGD radome from the PCV model published by the IGS (International GNSS Services). The results revealed that the PCC differences compared to the NONE were limited to about 1mm in the horizontal component while those of the vertical direction ranged from a few millimeters to a maximum of 7mm. Among the radomes of which PCV were compared, the SCIT had the most significant influence on the vertical component, and its GPS (Global Positioning System) L2 and L2 PCC (Phase Center Corrections) had opposite direction. As a result of comparing the kinematic coordinates estimated by the baseline processing of 7 CORSs with an application of the PCV models of the various radomes, the SCIS which was actually installed at CORS in Korea showed 3.4mm bias, the most substantial impact on the ellipsoidal height estimation whereas the SCIT model resulted in relatively small biases.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2015

Hydrocarbon resins, which are defined as low molecular weight, amorphous, and thermoplastic polymers, are widely used as tackifier for various types of adhesives, as processing aids in rubber compounds, and as modifiers for plastics polymers such as isotactic polypropylene. Typically, hydrocarbon resins are non-polar, and thus highly compatible with non-polar rubbers and polymer. However, they are poorly compatible with polar system, such as acrylic copolymer, polyurethanes, and polyamides. Moreover, recently the raw materials of hydrocarbon resin from naphtha cracking had been decreased because of light feed cracking such as gas cracking. To overcome this problem, in this study, novel hydrocarbon resins were designed to have a highly polar chemical structure which material is sustainable. And, it was successfully synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of dicyclopentadiene monomer and sorbic acid from blueberry as renewable resources. Acrylic resins were formulated with various tackifiers solution including sorbic acid grafted hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene hydrocarbon resins in acrylic adhesive and rolling ball tack, loop tack, $180^{\circ}$ peel adhesion strength, and shear adhesion strength were measured. The properties depend on the softening point and polar content of tackifiers.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2001

Distillation condensate generated from downstream processing of microbial alcohol fermentation imposes a serious burden to biological wastewater treatment or anaerobic digestion due to its high contents of SS (suspended solids) and TN (total nitrogen), A pilot scale microfiltration of the stillage condensate with a stainless steel SCEPTER membrane of 0.1 ${\mu}$m pore size was carried out to remove SS which was mostly composed of microbial cell residue. A stable permeate flux was achieved when the decanter effluent containing 0.7% of SS was filtered under the conditions of X10 VCR (volume concentration ratio), 2.5 bar of TMP (transmembrane pressure), and 60$^{\circ}C$. When stillage condensate with 2.6% SS was treated directly with microfiltration, VCR below X3 was recommended for a long duration of filtration. The permeate and retentate obtained from microfiltration were recycled to make-up medium of fermentation. Adding permeate or retentate up to 30% of fermentation volume showed no distinguished undesirable influence during the course of alcohol fermentation. Although only slight improvements in the final amount of CO$_2$ evolution and alcohol content were observed, fermentation rate increased so that the required time to reach 450 L/ton of CO$_2$ evolution was shortened to 72% of that with normal media.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.469-476
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• 1998

In the case of acquisition and displaying medical Images such as ultrasonography and endoscopy on VGA monitor of PC system, image degradation of tear-drop appears through scan conversion. In this study, we compare several methods which can solve this degradation and implement the hardware system that resolves this problem in real-time with PC. It is possible to represent high quality image display and real-time processing and acquisition with specific de-interlacing device and PCI bridge on our hardware system. Image quality is improved remarkably on our hardware system. It is implemented as PC-based system, so acquiring, saving images and describing text comment on those images and PACS networking can be easily implemented.metabolism. All images were spatially normalized to MNI standard PET template and smoothed with 16mm FWHM Gaussian kernel using SPM96. Mean count in cerebral region was normalized. The VOls for 34 cerebral regions were previously defined on the standard template and 17 different counts of mirrored regions to hemispheric midline were extracted from spatially normalized images. A three-layer feed-forward error back-propagation neural network classifier with 7 input nodes and 3 output nodes was used. The network was trained to interpret metabolic patterns and produce identical diagnoses with those of expert viewers. The performance of the neural network was optimized by testing with 5~40 nodes in hidden layer. Randomly selected 40 images from each group were used to train the network and the remainders were used to test the learned network. The optimized neural network gave a maximum agreement rate of 80.3% with expert viewers. It used 20 hidden nodes and was trained for 1508 epochs. Also, neural network gave agreement rates of 75~80% with 10 or 30 nodes in hidden layer. We conclude that artificial neural network performed as well as human experts and could be potentially useful as clinical decision support tool for the localization of epileptogenic zones.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

This study was conducted to find ways to control environment with the difference between body temperature and background temperature based on swine activity, and to apply to the environment control system of swine barns based on the findings. Following are the results. 1. Swine activity related to background temperature was achieved as color images and swine activity status was categorized into cold, comfortable, and hot periods with visualization system (thermal image system). 2. Thermal image system consisted of an infrared CCD camera, an image processing board - DIF (TH3100), an main computer (400Hz, 128M, 586 Pentium model) with C++ program installed. 3. Thermal image system categorizing temperatures into cold, comfortable, and hot was applicable to the environment control system of swine barns 4. Feed intake was higher in cold temperature, and finishing weight and weight gain per day in cold temperature were lower than others (p<0.05).

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.512-520
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• 2019

It is quite useful to represent speeches visually for learners who study foreign languages as well as the hearing impaired who cannot directly hear speeches, and a number of researches have been presented in the literature. They remain, however, at the level of representing the characteristics of speeches using colors or showing the changing shape of lips and mouth using the animation-based representation. As a result of such approaches, those methods cannot tell the users how far their pronunciations are away from the standard ones, and moreover they make it technically difficult to develop such a system in which users can correct their pronunciation in an interactive manner. In order to address these kind of drawbacks, this paper proposes a speech visualization model based on the relative distance between the user's speech and the standard one, furthermore suggests actual implementation directions by applying the proposed model to the visualization of Korean vowels. The method extract three formants F1, F2, and F3 from speech signals and feed them into the Kohonen's SOM to map the results into 2-D screen and represent each speech as a pint on the screen. We have presented a real system implemented using the open source formant analysis software on the speech of a Korean instructor and several foreign students studying Korean language, in which the user interface was built using the Javascript for the screen display.