• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6225-6229
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• 2015

Faecal pH and cholate are two important factors that can affect colon tumorigenesis, and can be modified by diet. In this study, the effects of two Chinese traditional cooking oils (pork oil and canola/rapeseed oil) on the pH and the cholic acid content in feces, in addition to colon tumorigenesis, were studied in mice. Kunming mice were randomized into various groups; negative control group (NCG), azoxymethane control group (ACG), pork oil group (POG), and canola oil Ggroup (COG). Mice in the ACG were fed a basic rodent chow; mice in POG and COG were given 10% cooking oil rodent chow with the respective oil type. All mice were given four weekly AOM (azoxymethane) i.p. injections (10mg/kg). The pH and cholic acid of the feces were examined every two weeks. Colon tumors, aberrant crypt foci and organ weights were examined 32 weeks following the final AOM injection. The results showed that canola oil significantly decreased faecal pH in female mice (P<0.05), but had no influence on feces pH in male mice (P>0.05). Pork oil significantly increased the feces pH in both male and female mice (P<0.05). No significant change was found in feces cholic acid content when mice were fed 10% pork oil or canola oil compared with the ACG. Although Kunming mice were not susceptible to AOM-induced tumorigenesis in terms of colon tumor incidence, pork oil significantly increased the ACF number in male mice. Canola oil showed no influence on ACF in either male or female mice. Our results indicate that cooking oil effects faecal pH, but does not affect the faecal cholic acid content and thus AOM-induced colon neoplastic ACF is modified by dietary fat.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2013

Purpose: Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis, is a widely distributed disease throughout the world causing substantial economic loss. In order to diagnose PPE rapidly, the rapid kit was developed and tested. Methods: In this study, a rapid kit was developed to screen the PPE rapidly at the pig farm. Also, occult blood test with fecal occult blood (FOB) kit was done for detecting the blood in pig feces which might be the evident of hemorrhagic PPE. For developing the kit, we tested fecal samples of PPE infected pigs diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: With the developed rapid kit, Lawsonia intracellularis was detected in high density emulsion of ileum. On the other hand, the test result of detecting Lawsonia in feces showed too high non-specific response. In addition, nevertheless the FOB test result showed that blood evident could be founded in pig feces, the diagnosing result was not fit to PCR test result, which shows blood in pig feces could be from not only hemorrhagic PPE but also many reasons. Conclusions: To deal with the PPE effectively, it will be better for farmers to screen the PPE in earlier stage with easy and rapid diagnosing tool on farm. This study found out that the rapid kit could detect the Lawsonia intracellularis and hemoglobin in pig feces. However, the non-specific response to negative samples of PPE was too high to use at a pig farm. Further research is needed for lowering the non-specific response with the rapid kit.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2008년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.598-601
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• 2008

대소변을 인지하지 못하여 대소변 처리를 스스로 처리할 수 없는 사람은 보호자(또는 간병인)의 도움으로 대소변을 처리하고 있다. 대소변을 했을 경우 즉시 기저귀를 갈아 주어야 기저귀의 젖음으로 인한 불쾌감, 욕창, 습진 등 엉덩이의 짖무름으로 인한 질병의 발생을 방지할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 사람들은 대개 스스로 의사표현을 하는 것이 불가능하여 대소변에 대한 의사표현을 할 수 없거나 수치심에 의해 참음으로서 보호자가 즉시 대소변의 유무를 확인할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 연구를 통하여 대소변을 자동으로 감지하여 보호자(또는 간병인)에게 대소변 여부를 핸드폰 문자로 즉시 알려주는 u-Care 시스템을 개발함으로써 간병 서비스의 질적 향상을 가져올 수 있으며, 간병비 증가에 따른 사회복지비용을 절감함으로써 저소득층 노인 및 독거노인 등 사회적 의존계층에 대한 복지 혜택을 증진할 수 있을 것이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.665-670
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• 2019

Sporulated oocysts from the feces of infected cats with Toxoplasma gondii can cause detrimental disease in both humans and animals. To investigate the prevalence of feral cats that excrete T. gondii oocysts in the feces, we examined fecal samples of 563 feral cats over a 3-year period from 2009 to 2011. Oocysts of T. gondii excreted into the feces were found from 4 of 128 cats in 2009 (3.1%) and one of 228 (0.4%) in 2010 while none of the 207 cats in 2010 were found positive with oocysts in their feces, resulting in an overall prevalence rate of 0.89% (5/563) between 2009 and 2011. Among the 5 cats that tested positive with T. gondii oocysts, 4 of the cats were male and 1 was a female with an average body weight of 0.87 kg. Numerous tissue cysts of 60 ㎛ in diameter with thin (<0.5 ㎛) cyst walls were found in the brain of one of the 5 cats on necropsy 2 months after the identification of oocysts in the feces. A PCR amplification of the T. gondii-like oocysts in the feces of the positive cats using the primer pairs Tox-5/Tox-8 and Hham34F/Hham3R confirmed the presence of T. gondii oocysts in the feces. This study provides a good indication of the risk assessment of feral cats in the transmission of T. gondii to humans in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

Objective: In this study, metabolites that changed in the rumen fluid, urine and feces of dairy cows fed different feed ratios were investigated. Methods: Eight Holstein cows were used in this study. Rumen fluid, urine, and feces were collected from the normal concentrate diet (NCD) (Italian ryegrass 80%: concentrate 20% in the total feed) and high concentrate diet (HCD) groups (20%: 80%) of dairy cows. Metabolite analysis was performed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) identification, and statistical analysis was performed using Chenomx NMR software 8.4 and Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: The two groups of rumen fluid and urine samples were separated, and samples from the same group were aggregated together. On the other hand, the feces samples were not separated and showed similar tendencies between the two groups. In total, 160, 177, and 188 metabolites were identified in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces, respectively. The differential metabolites with low and high concentrations were 15 and 49, 14 and 16, and 2 and 2 in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces samples, in the NCD group. Conclusion: As HCD is related to rumen microbial changes, research on different metabolites such as glucuronate, acetylsalicylate, histidine, and O-Acetylcarnitine, which are related to bacterial degradation and metabolism, will need to be carried out in future studies along with microbial analysis. In urine, the identified metabolites, such as gallate, syringate, and vanillate can provide insight into microbial, metabolic, and feed parameters that cause changes depending on the feed rate. Additionally, it is thought that they can be used as potential biomarkers for further research on subacute ruminal acidosis.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

본 연구는 국내 서식하는 아메리카동애등애(BSF)의 생태특성 구명 및 가축분뇨를 이용한 BSF의 실내 인공사육을 통하여 가축분뇨나 음식물쓰레기 처리 시 대량으로 요구되는 유충생산을 위하여 실내 인공증식기술 개발하고 BSF의 가축분뇨 분해 능력을 검정하였다. BSF는 축사를 중심으로 하는 즉 유기성 폐기물이 야적되어 있는 장소의 생태계 내에서 서식한다는 것을 확인하였으며, 축사, 퇴비사, 생활쓰레기장, 음식물쓰레기장 주변이 주 서식지임을 확인하였다. 가축분뇨 분해 우수 종은 BSF(Hermetia illucens), 동에등에(Ptecticus tenebrifer) 등 2종으로 확인되었다. 가축분뇨에 따른 BSF의 분해능은 BSF 유충 마리당 돈분 0.5 g, 우분 0.43 g, 계분 0.3 g순으로 돈분이 가장 우수하였다. 가축분뇨별 BSF 유충의 분해에 따른 무게는 우분 83.62, 돈분 77, 계분 80%로 우분이 분해 후 무게 감소가 가장 컸다. 가축분뇨 분해에 따른 BSF 유충 및 번데기 형질은 돈분이나 돈분 +왕겨를 혼합하여 처리했을 때 유충이나 번데기의 길이, 무게 폭이 다른 처리구에 비해 좋았다. BSF 실내 대량증식에 있어서 용화율 및 우화율에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 교미 산란에 있어서 중요한 요소인 광조건 변화에 의한 계절적 교미율의 차이를 보였다. 계절에 따른 BSF의 교미율을 보면 5월에서 7월까지 교미가 활발하게 이루어 졌으며, 시간대는 오전 10시부터 12시까지 가장 활발하게 교미를 하였다. 인공채란을 위한 산란배지는 음식물과 송아지 사료가 가장 우수하였고, 산란실($W{\times}D{\times}H=4{\times}2{\times}2m$) 내 적정 배지투입 수는 8개, 성충은 2000두 투입구가 가장 산란효율이 높았다. 산란유도재료로 플라워폼과 목재에 구멍을 뚫어 산란을 유도하였으며, 산란장소의 구멍크기는 3~5 mm, 깊이 7~10 mm의 크기를 가장 선호하였다. 유충은 2~4두/$cm^2$의 밀도로 사육하는 것이 과밀도(6~10두/$cm^2$) 보다 실용형질이 우수하였다. 번데기 적정보호조건은 매질(톱밥)을 사용하여 은신처를 제공해야하며, 톱밥의 습도는 20~40%가 가장 좋았다. 성충은 우화 즉시 사용해야하나, 용화 후 10에서 10일 처리한 경우 우화율 93.3%로 우화시기를 약 10일 정도 조절이 가능하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1286-1290
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• 2004

This study was carried out to screen yeasts effective in reducing odor from pig feces. Three isolates from soil and compost sources were selected to treat pig feces. On the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, one isolate from compost was Candida rugosa, and two isolates from soil were Candida rugosa and Candida maris. These isolates showed deodorizing activity by reducing the concentration of ${NH}_3$ and R-${NH}_2$. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are the specific malodorous compounds of pig feces, and the Candida maris from soil showed a 100% reduction of butyric, iso-butyric, and iso-valeric acid in 10% pig slurry medium. However, the Candida rugosa from compost showed a 100% reduction of butyric and iso-butyric acid while that from soil showed a 100% reduction of propionic, butyric acid and iso-valeric acid in the medium. Also, these yeasts were effective in reducing $NH_{4}-N$, soluble-N, and biological oxygen demand (BOD).

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Cow feces excreted in cold season should be managed and composted properly, because the composted feces is distributed to pasture or cultivated land as a fertilizer in spring. Generally it is admitted that the effect of composting is suppressed by low temperature in cold season. In this study, composting piles were warmed by hot air until temperature of compost piles were reached at 35∼40$^{\circ}C$, to compare composting effect of experimental compost pile to control pile exposed in cold air. Some results obtained from the experiment during composting of cow feces mixed with bulking agent provide a possibility of active composting of organic matters in cold season. The biodegradation ratios of organic matter during composting in four types of composts were 10.2% for the rice straw, 7.7% for the rice hull, 6.4% for the sawdust and 4.3% for the control. The highest temperatures of compost piles during composting period were 76$^{\circ}C$ in sawdust, 80$^{\circ}C$ in rice hull, 68$^{\circ}C$ in rice straw, 45$^{\circ}C$ in control. Moisture content, pH, C/N, volume of compost were decreased during composting period, but EC value was increased with ionization of organic molecular by fermentation.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2018

Actinobacterial strains isolated from Cow feces were studied for their antifungal attributes against phytopathogens and industrially important enzymes. A total of 30 Actinobacterial strains were obtained from 10 samples of cow feces. All the strains were belonging to the genera Streptomyces on the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic analysis. During preliminary screening, out of 30 strains, 15 strains (50%) showed antifungal activity against five fungal phytopathogens including Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani. While, isolate GBTCF-26 was found to be most active against R. solani with 62.2% inhibition of fungal mycelium, GBTCF-09 was prominent against F. solani and F. oxysporum with percent inhibition of 61.1% and 58.8%, respectively. Out of 30 strains, 19 (63.3%), 16 (53.3%), 11 (36.7%), 10 (33.3%), 4 (13.3%) and 8 (26.7%) strains were producing amylase, caseinase, gelatinase, lipase, chitinase and cellulose, respectively. The selected strains, GBTCF-09, GBTCF-21 and GBTCF-26, were identified as Streptomyces sp. on the basis of their 16S rDNA sequence. The study supports the idea that the Actinobacteria from unique niches (Cow feces) possess the production potential of industrially important enzymes including bioactive molecules.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.662-668
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of soy oligosaccharide consumption on feces bifidobacteria proliferation and feces lipid profiles in Korean young women. Eight healthy young women (25 - 34 years) were fed 15 g/day of soyoligosaccharide solution, containing 3 g of oligosaccharide as form of raffinose and starchyose, for 15 days with their habitual meals. Soyoligosaccharde intake increased the numbers of fecal total bacteria significantly until 10 days (p < 0.05) and the numbers of fecal bifidobactreia were significantly increased until 15 days (p < 0.05) . The fecal pH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by soyligosaccharide intake. Fecal lipid concentration showed the trend to increse, especially fecal triglyceride level was significantly increased by soy oligosaccharide intake (p < 0.05). The water contents of feces, the amount of feces, evacuation frequency and taking time to evacuation were not affected by soyoligosaccharide intake. The color of feces changed to yellow-brown, and hardness of stool and effort to evacuation were reduced by soyoligosaccharide intake. These results suggest that soyoligosaccharide intake (3 g/day) in young women improved the gut microflora and fecal lipid profile. Therefore, soy oligosaccharide has a potential to be used as one of the promising prebiotics, and controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer duration are need to be studied further.