• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

본 연구는 말의 다양한 사양체계가 분 젖산 생산 박테리아 및 pH 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험 1에서는 농후사료 체중 2% 또는 건초(오챠드그라스) 2%를 30일 동안 급여한 후 분 중 Lactobacillus와 Streptococcus 균 수를 측정했다. 시험 2에서는 사양형태 또는 사료급여 수준에 따른 분 중 pH 변화를 측정했다. 시험 3에서는 알팔파 건초 급여 수준에 의한 분 pH 변화를 측정했다. 고－농후사료의 급여는 분 중 젖산 생산 박테리아인 lactobacillus와 streptococcus의 균 수를 크게 증가시켰다(P<0.05). 농후사료의 급여량을 증가시킴에 따라 분 pH는 유의적으로 감소했다(P<0.01). 알팔파 건초 단독 급여에서는 분 pH가 저하되지 않았으나, 알팔파 건초+농후사료 사양형태에서는 분 pH가 감소되었다(P<0.01). 본 연구 결과, 말에게 농후사료의 다량급여는 장내 젖산생산 박테리아의 활성을 증가시키며, 농후사료 급여량이 증가함에 따라 분 pH를 저하시키고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 말에게 적절한 조사료/농후사료 비율을 유지하고 급여량을 조절하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 분 pH 측정으로 인해 대장 내 상태를 가늠할 수 있고, 분 pH 값을 이용해 사양관리의 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.221-225
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• 1998

Y-CB와 Y-UCB를 음용하였을 때, 장내 비피더스균수, 유산간균수, 대장균수 및 분변의 pH, 수분함량(%) 등 장내환경 변화에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 검토하였다. 시험 대상자는 20～30세의 건강한 성인 남녀 14명으로 하였으며 평상시의 분변 상태를 조사한 다음 요구르트를 하루 2병씩 식후에 음용하도록 하였다. 음용시험의 방법은 Y-CB와 Y-UCB를 2주간 1차 음용 시험후 2주간의 음용 중단 기간을 가졌으며, 다음 제2차 음용시험으로서는 1차 음용시의 공시요구르트를 교차음용 하면서 분변상태를 비교 분석하였다. Y-UCB의 음용중에는 음용전과 비교하여 비피더스균수(p<0.01)와 유산간균수(p<0.05)는 유의성있게 증가하였고, 수분, pH, 대장균수에는 변화가 없었다. Y-CB의 음용은 음용전과 비교하여 비피더스균수는 증가하였고(p<0.01), 대장균수는 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 유산간균수, 수분, pH는 변화가 없었다. 두 개의 공시 요구르트를 음용 전과 비교하면 음용중단 후에도 비피더스균수가 증가하였고, 낮은 pH를 지속하였으며, 유산간균수, 수분, 대장균수의 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다 결과적으로 유산균발효유의 음용효과(비피더스균수, 유산간균수, 대장균수, pH, 수분함량의 변화측정 ) 비교에 있어서 본 실험에 사용한 Y-CB나 Y-UCB는 어느 것이나 거의 동등한 효과를 나타내었으며 통계적으로 유의 차가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1439-1444
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• 2012

A total of 144 pigs ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc)] with an average initial BW of $8.45{\pm}0.57$ kg were used in a 5-wk growth trial. Pigs were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 9 replications per pen in a randomized complex block design. Dietary treatments included: i) CON (basal diet), ii) ANT (CON+tylosin 1 g/kg), iii) H1 (CON+H. cordata 1 g/kg) and iv) T1 (CON+T. officinale 1 g/kg). In this study, pigs fed the ANT and T1 treatment had a higher (p<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio than those fed CON and H1 treatment. Dietary ANT and T1 treatment led to a higher energy digestibility than the CON group. No difference (p>0.05) was observed on the growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility with H1 supplementation compared with the CON treatment. The inclusion of ANT treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lymphocyte concentration compared with the CON treatment. Dietary supplementation of herbs did not affect (p>0.05) the blood characteristics (white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), IgG, lymphocyte). No difference was observed on (p<0.05) fecal microbial shedding (E. coli and lactobacillus) between ANT and CON groups. Treatments H1 and T1 reduced the fecal E. coli concentration compared with the CON treatment, whereas the fecal lactobacillus concentration was not affected by the herb supplementation (p>0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of T. officinale (1 g/kg) increased growth performance, feed efficiency, energy digestibility similarly to the antibiotic treatment. Dietary supplementation of T. officinale and H. cordata (1 g/kg) reduced the fecal E. coli concentration in weaning pigs.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 1999

건강한 한국성인의 분에서 분리된 Lactobacillus acidophilus SNUL 01과 SNUL 02가 각각 $1{\times}10^8\;cfu/mL$ 수준으로 함유된 애시도필루스우유를 자원한 20명의 건강한 성인에게 하루에 두 번, 3주일간 음용하도록 하면서, 분의 pH, 총 lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, 그리고 Clostridium perfringens 수의 변화를 시험 연구하였다 두 균주로 제조된 애시도필루스우유를 섭취하기 전초기 분의 pH는 pH 7수준이었으며, 섭취 21일 후 분의 pH는 약 pH 5 수준으로 낮아졌고, 분의 총 lactobacilli 수는 약 $10^7\;cfu/g$ 수준에서 4일 후에는 $10^8\;cfu/$분 g 수준까지 증가하여 시험 후반기까지 안정적으로 유지하였다. 한편, 분의 E. coli 수는 약 $10^7{\sim}10^8\;cfu/g$ 수준에서 21일 후에는 약 $10^6\;cfu/g$ 수준으로 감소하였고, 분의 C. perfringens 수도 $10^5{\sim}10^6\;cfu/g$ 수준에서 $10^3\;cfu/$분 g 수준으로 감소하였다. 따라서 이 L. acidophilus 균주들로 제조된 발효유를 계속해서 섭취할 때 장내 정상 균총의 유지에 도움이 되면서 장내 유해 미생물의 생장을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1178-1183
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• 2012

A 5-wk trial with 96 ($(Landrace{\times}Yorkshire){\times}Duroc$) pigs ($BW=26.56{\pm}0.42kg$) was conducted to investigate the effect of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde as feed additive in growing pigs. Pigs were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design according to their sex and BW. Each treatment contained 8 replications with 4 pigs (2 gilts and 2 barrows) per pen. Treatments included: control (basal diet; CON); (basal diet+1,000 mg eugenol/kg; ET); (basal diet+1,000 mg cinnamaldehyde/kg; CT). Administration of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde did not did not affect (p>0.05) the growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility. Dietary CT and ET led to a higher (p<0.05) lymphocyte concentration compared with CON. The inclusion of CT and ET decreased (p<0.05) the fecal E. coli concentration (p>0.05). Pigs fed the diets supplemented with eugenol and cinnamaldehyde had reduced (p<0.05) $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ concentration throughout the experiment. In conclusion, results obtained in the present study indicated that supplementation of eugenol and cinamaldehyde had no effect on growth performance of pigs but exhibited lymphocyte-enhancing activity and decreased the fecal E. coli concentration and fecal noxious gas content ($NH_3$ and $H_2S$).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.757-761
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• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the effects of organic and inorganic copper on performance in growing pigs. A total of 100 pigs, average age 63 d and initial body weight 21.46${\pm}$1.13 kg, were assigned to five treatment groups. Dietary treatments included i) CON (basal diet, 0 ppm Cu), ii) T1 (basal diet with 67 ppm Cu as cupric sulfate, $CuSO_4$), iii) T2 (basal diet with 134 ppm Cu as $CuSO_4$), iv) T3 (basal diet with 67 ppm Cu as cupric methionate, CuMet) and v) T4 (basal diet with 134 ppm Cu as CuMet). Throughout the entire experimental period, ADG (average daily gain), ADFI (average daily feed intake) and G/F (gain: feed) ratios showed no significant differences. The dry matter digestibility was improved in the T1, T2, T3, and T4 treatments (p<0.05), as compared with CON. Nitrogen digestibility was improved in the T3 treatment group as compared with CON (p<0.05). As compared with the T1 treatment group, fecal pH values were improved in the CON, T3, and T4 treatment groups (p<0.05). Fecal Cu concentrations were significantly lower in the CON, T3, and T4 treatment groups than in T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The incidence of diarrhea was reduced when the pigs were fed on the T2, T3, and T4 diets as compared with CON. In conclusion, diets supplemented with 67 or 134 ppm Cu as CuMet may prove effective in improving nutrient digestibility and fecal pH value in growing pigs, and fecal Cu concentrations may be reduced by CuMet supplementation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권3_spc호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2021

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Achyranthes japonica extracts (AJE) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial shedding, and fecal gas emission of growing pigs. Methods: A total of 180 ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 23.94±1.54 kg were used in this study to investigate the effects of AJE as a feed additive. Dietary treatments included: i) CON (basal diet), ii) TRT1 (basal diet+0.05% AJE), and iii) TRT2 (basal diet+0.10% AJE). Results: As a result of the dietary supplementation of 0% to 0.10% AJE, a linear increase of BW (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42, a linear increase of average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) during d 21 to 42, a trend in linear increase of ADG (p<0.10) during d 0 to 21 and d 0 to 42, a linear increase of gain to feed ratio (G:F) (p<0.05) during d 0 to 42, and a tendency in the linear increase of G:F during d 21 to 42 were observed in this study. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 0% to 0.10% AJE had a linear increase (p<0.05) on the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM) and energy, a linear increase (p<0.05) on lactic acid bacteria counts, a tendency in reducing (linear effect, p<0.10) coliform bacteria counts, and a linear decrease (p<0.05) in excreta H2S emission content in growing pigs. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results suggested that AJE had the potential to enhance growth performance, DM and energy digestibility, and fecal lactic acid bacteria counts, and decrease the fecal coliform bacteria counts and excreta H2S emission in growing pigs.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.540-542
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• 2005

Juice Valley and Gogu Valley were administered to twelve healthy young volunteers for 4 weeks to study their clinical effects on human intestinal microflora. Changes in fecal microflora, fecal moisture, and fecal pH were observed for Juice Valley intake. Administration of Juice Valley significantly increased numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus from 8.69 and 7.02 to 10.89 and 9.02 (Log CFU/g wet feces), respectively, whereas those of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli decreased. Moisture content of feces increased, and fecal pH decreased after 4 weeks of Juice Valley intake, intake of Gogu Valley slightly increased growth responses of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and decreased growth responses of C. perfringens and E. coli. Su-mi potato, as a reference, had no effect on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus numbers. This study confirmed Juice Valley has better effects than Gogu Valley and Su-mi, and has important role on growth promotion and inhibition of human intestinal bacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2014

The effect of Bacillus subtilis natto on hindgut fermentation and microbiota of early lactation Holstein dairy cows was investigated in this study. Thirty-six Holstein dairy cows in early lactation were randomly allocated to three groups: no B. subtilis natto as the control group, B. subtilis natto with $0.5{\times}10^{11}cfu$ as DMF1 group and B. subtilis natto with $1.0{\times}10^{11}cfu$ as DMF2 group. After 14 days of adaptation period, the formal experiment was started and lasted for 63 days. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of each animal on the morning at the end of eighth week and placed into sterile plastic bags. The pH, $NH_3$-N and VFA concentration were determined and fecal bacteria DNA was extracted and analyzed by DGGE. The results showed that the addition of B. subtilus natto at either treatment level resulted in a decrease in fecal $NH_3$-N concentration but had no effect on fecal pH and VFA. The DGGE profile revealed that B. subtilis natto affected the population of fecal bacteria. The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener in DFM1 decreased significantly compared to the control. Fecal Alistipes sp., Clostridium sp., Roseospira sp., beta proteobacterium were decreased and Bifidobacterium was increased after supplementing with B. subtilis natto. This study demonstrated that B. subtilis natto had a tendency to change fecal microbiota balance.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.609-615
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• 1996

Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) 섭취에 의한 장내 유익세균의 증식촉진 효과를 실험적으로 검증하기 위하여 건강한 성인 남자 5명에게 FOS를 4주동안 매일 8g씩 점심 식사 후에 섭취하도록 하였다. 시험 대상자로부터 매주 1회 분변을 수거하여 분변의 pH, 수분함량, Bifidobacteria 수, Lactobacilli 수, Coliforms 수를 측정하여 FOS 섭취에 의한 분변균총과 분변성상의 변화를 알아보았다. FOS의 섭취전 4주간을 control기간(평상시)으로 하였고 FOS 섭취기간과 FOS 섭취중단기간을 각각 4주로 하였다. 평상시 분변 수분함량은 $81.77{\pm}1.93%$이었으며, FOS의 섭취에 의하여 수분함량이 증가하였는데 4주째는 $84.66{\pm}1.00%$로 평상시의 분변 수분함량과 통계적 유의차가 인정되었으며(p<0.05), 이러한 수분함량의 증가현상은 FOS의 섭취를 중단한 후 4주동안 지속되었다. 평상시의 분변 pH는 $6.56{\pm}0.09$이었고 ,FOS의 섭취동안 pH가 유의하게 감소하여 4주후 $6.27{\pm}0.05$이었다. FOS의 계속적인 섭취가 분변의 pH를 현저하게 감소시켰으며 이와같은 분변의 pH 감소는 FOS의 섭취를 중단한 후에도 4주동안 지속되었다. 평상시의 분변 1 g중의 Bifidobacteria수는 $7.88{\pm}1.43(log_{10})$이었으며 FOS섭취에 의하여 2주째에는 $8.67{\pm}1.60$, 4주째에는 $9.22{\pm}0.53$으로서 평상시보다 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였으나(p<0.05), FOS의 섭취를 중단한 후에는 거의 평상시 수준으로 환원되었다. FOS섭취 전인 평상시의 Lactobacilli수는 $6.76{\pm}1.34$였으나 FOS의 섭취에 의하여 균수가 점차 증가하였는데 3주째에 $7.67{\pm}1.32$, 4주째에 $8.15{\pm}1.05$를 나타내어 평상시 보다 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 평상시의 Colifoms수는 $6.65{\pm}1.03$이었으며 FOS의 섭취에 의한 통계적 유의성은 없었다.