• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.248-258
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of an antiobese functional formula (FC-GT) on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed different diets for 6 weeks: normal control (NC), high-fat (HF), and high-fat supplemented with powdered antiobese functional formula (FC-GT) (5% wt/wt) groups. Although body weight was not significantly different among the groups, relative weights of epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissues were significantly lower in the FC-GT group than in the HF group. FC-GT supplementation significantly lowered the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, whereas it elevated the ratio of HDL-C/total-C and improved the atherogenic index. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lowered in the FC-GT group compared to the HF group. The accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets and the epididymal white adipocyte size of the FC-GT group were diminished compared to the HF group. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in the FC-GT group than in the HF group. Plasma GPT activity was significantly lowered in the FC-GT group compared to the HF group. Additionally, fecal weight was significantly increased in the FC-GT group than in the HF group. In addition, contents of fecal triglyceride and cholesterol were significantly higher in the FC-GT group compared to the other groups. The antioxidant activities of hepatic SOD, CAT, and GR were significantly increased in the FC-GT group compared to the HF group. Hepatic mARS and plasma mARS levels were significantly lowered in the FC-GT group compared to the NC group. Accordingly, we conclude that supplementation of FC-GT improves plasma and hepatic lipid levels in high-fat fed rats.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.605-613
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• 2022

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of increasing supplementation of Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) up to 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma for growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility of diets fed to nursery pigs. Methods: Twenty-four pigs weaned at 24 d of age (initial body weight at 7.2±0.6 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized complete block. The diets with supplementation of YL (0.0%, 1.5%, and 3.0%, replacing poultry fat and blood plasma up to 1.6% and 0.9%, respectively) were fed for 21 d. Feed intake and body weight were recorded at d 0, 10, and 21. Fecal score was recorded at every odd day from d 3 to 19. Pigs were euthanized on d 21 to collect proximal and distal jejunal mucosa to measure intestinal health markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G. Ileal digesta was collected for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. Results: Supplementation of YL (1.5% and 3.0%) replacing poultry fat and blood plasma did not affect growth performance, fecal score and intestinal health. Supplementation of YL at 1.5% did not affect nutrient digestibility, whereas supplementation of YL at 3.0% reduced AID of dry matter (40.2% to 55.0%), gross energy (44.0% to 57.5%), crude protein (52.1% to 66.1%), and ether extract (50.8% to 66.9%) compared to diets without supplementation. Conclusion: Yarrowia lipolytica can be supplemented at 1.5% in nursery diets, replacing 0.8% poultry fat and 0.45% blood plasma without affecting growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility. Supplementation of YL at 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma did not affect growth performance and intestinal health, whereas nutrient digestibility was reduced.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.981-990
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• 1998

The effects of indigestible dextrin on lipids in serum, tissue, and feces were investigated in two experiments carried out with 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats for eight weeks. Experiment I diet(normal fat diet) containing 5% corn oil and experiment II diet(high fat diet) containing 18% fat(13% beef tallow and 5% corn oil) and 1% cholesterol were divided into four groups with 0.5% cellulose(0.5CL : control), 10% cellulose(10CL), 10% Indigestible dextrin I(ID-I) and 10% indigestible dextrin II(ID-II), respectively. ID-I and ID-II diets produced a decrease in serum total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in both normal and high fat diets but more significantly in the groups fed high fat diet. ID-I, ID-II, and 10CL of high fat diet decreased serum glucose concentration. ID-I and ID-II diets also decreased liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats fed normal and high fit diets. The fecal excretion of cholesterol in ID-II/high fat diet was significantly higher than that of 0.5CL diet. Bile acid excretion was increased in the rats fed 10CL and ID-II diets of normal and high fat diets. These observations indicat the hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of indigestible dextrin on the rats. These effects are mediated by the increase of facal cholesterol and bile acid excretion. (Korean J Nutrition31(6) : 981-990, 1998)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary soluble fiber administration and/or high fat diet on serum and brain neurohormonal profiles, adipose tissue mass and body weight gain in Sprague-Dawley rats. Four groups of rats were respectively fed 10% fat diet (C), 10% fat plus pectin diet (P), 20% fat diet (HFC) and 20% fat plus pectin diet (HFP) for 4 weeks. In HFP group, the food and energy intake, body weight gain, FER including fecal excretion were the smallest (p<0.05). Serum HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose level were also the lowest in HFP group (p<0.05). The weight of brain, epididymal fat pad and adrenal gland except liver didn't show any significant differences among groups. Interestingly serum norepinephrine concentration of HFP group tended to be higher, but dopamine concentration tended to be lower than those of HFC group. However serum catecholamine concentration didn't show any significant differences among all groups. Norepinephrine and epinephrine contents of right portion of midbrain of P and HFP groups were remarkably lower than those of the C group. These results suggested that soluble fiber pectin consumption might affect neurohormonal profiles in serum and brain according to dietary fat level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.789-796
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• 1997

The effects of MCC and palm oil at different levels on lipid metabolism were assessed in adolescent rat. Dietary fat levels were 20% and 40% (kcal/kcal) and MCC level were 0%, 2%, and 4% (wt/wt). The experimental period took 8 weeks. During the experiment, weight gain and food efficiency ration were not affected by dietary factors. The weight of thymus however, was lower in high fat groups than in middle fat groups. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol in plasma and HDL-cholesterol in plasma and HDL-cholesterol were significantly affected by dietary factors. The concentrations of cholesterol in LDL and VLDL , and the triglyceride content of VLDL was higher in high fat groups than in middle fat groups. Adding MCC lowered the LDL triglyceride in the high fat groups. The analysis of plasma fatty acids generally reflected the composition of the dietary palm oil. MCC had significant effects on total lipid and triglyceride of feces, but not on total cholesterol . In conclusion, the level of MCC had little hypolipodemic effects on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. the middle fat group that contained 4% MCC showed increased contents of fecal triglyceride than the others, indicating that MCC had an effect on lipid absorption. Therefore, the other physiological functions of MCC need to be tested for their useful applications.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 1994

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Cnidi rhizoma (CR) water extract on fat accumulation in fatted rats induced by the oral high fat administration for six weeks. Total cholesterol, neutral lipid and epididymal fat pad of CR groups were lower than the control group. On the other hand, high density lipoprotein(HDL) -cholesterol was somewhat higher In CR than In the control group. In addition, the same result as the above case was obtained when examining adipose for liver and epididymal fat components. During the feeding experiment, level of low density Lipoprotein(LDL) and very low density Lipoprotein (VLDL) increased while HDL was decreased. The degree of LDL and VLDL was decreased however, and HDL was, increased In CH groups as compared with the control group. Insulin and cortisol were higher than the control group, due to the fat accumulation. Experiment group showed the increased excretion as compared with the control group, in the excretion of bile acid and neutral sterol. The liver of the control group observed by the light microscope appeared to the fatty liver, but CR groups showed some improvement of the fatty liver. Based on the above results, it was shown that It Is possible to improve fat accumulation induced, by high fat dietary through using the oral administration of Cnidi rhizoma boiling extract solutions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.375-382
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• 2010

Twelve pigs were used to investigate the effects of polyclonal antibody candidate against abdominal (AAb) and subcutaneous adipocyte membrane proteins (SAb) on body weight, fecaldigestibility and blood metabolites. When AAb and SAb developed by Choi et al. (2010) were injected to pigs, the numerical increase in BW (body weight) occurred at 4 weeks post-treatment, but BW for an entire period was also increased, indicating that the BW increase may not be affected by the antibodies injection. Antibodies treatment did not affect (P>0.05) fecal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber. Fecal digestibility of crude ash for control (no treatment) at 2 weeks decreased, and that for non-immunized serum treatmentgroup at 4 weeks post-treatment increased, respectively (P<0.05). However, fecal digestibility of crude ash for AAb and SAb groups did not significantly change. At 4 weeks after the antibodies treatment, blood urea N concentration for AAb and SAb groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). However, these increases may not be caused by the antibodies treatment because similar pattern in blood urea N concentration occurred before the antibodies treatment. Antibodies treatment did not affect concentration of plasma glucose and triglycerides (P<0.05). Compared with control, concentration of plasma total cholesterol for AAb and SAb groups at 4 weeks post-treatment was significantly (P<0.05) decreased. This may suggest that body fat reduction possibly occurs. In conclusion, the AAb and the SAb developed by Choi et al. (2010) may have safety in nutritional physiological metabolism in pigs. Further study on in vivo fat reduction of the antibodies against abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes of pigs should be required for fat-reduced pork production.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.766-771
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• 2005

We evaluated the effects of newly developed functional food containing Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD as the main material on the lipid and antioxidant metabolisms of hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty male SD rats were divided into three groups after a 1-week adaptation period and were fed with a high fat-cholesterol diet (control), or with a high fat-cholesterol diet supplemented with low or high doses ($3.1\;{\times}\;10^6\;cfu/day$ or $3.1\;{\times}\;10^8\;cfu/day$) of B. polyfermenticus SCD and other physiological active materials for 6 weeks. Both doses of B. polyfermenticus SCD significantly reduced hepatic total cholesterol and triglycerides, while increasing the fecal excretion rates of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglycerides. B. polyfermenticus SCD increased the total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP). The erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase activity in the B. polyfermenticus groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. Plasma TRAP levels exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with hepatic total cholesterol while a significant positive correlation was detected between fecal total cholesterol and plasma TRAP. This hypolipidemic and antioxidative effect of B. polyfermenticus SCD seemed to be unrelated to its dosage. These results suggest that functional food containing B. polyfermenticus SCD can improve oxidative stress and hepatic lipid profiles by enhancing the excretion of cholesterol and triglycerides in feces of rats fed with high fat-high cholesterol diet.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate effects of the experimental mixture containing soybean peptides, L-carnitine and Garcinia Cambogia extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) of eight weeks old were raised for four weeks with high fat diet (40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats were feed control (C) diet, containing either 0.16% (+1D), 1.6% (+10D), 8% (+50D) of experimental mixture for eight weeks. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. The Body weight gain was significantly lower in experimental mixture diet group compared to control group. Weights of perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad in the +50D group were significantly lower than those in the +1D and +10D groups. Plasma total lipid and liver total cholesterol levels in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol excretions were highest in +50D group. These results suggest that the experimental mixture containing peptides, L-carnitine and Garsinia Canbogia extract is effective for reducing the body weight and adipose tissue weight which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and the increased fecal excretion of lipid.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.995-998
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• 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding Hermetia illucens (H.illucens) pellets with canine diets on fecal properties and digestibility. The canine breeds used in this experiment were nine dogs without discriminating between genders: 3 Maltese (average weight 2.0 kg), 3 Chihuahua (average weight 1.0 kg), and 3 Poodles (average weight 2.5 kg). As canine diets, 70 g of regular diets were mixed with 30 g of H.illucens pellets, and 100 g was weighed on a scale. Dog were fed the experimental diets once a day. No significant changes were observed in the fecal properties in the three types of canines fed a mixture of pellets and canine diets at Days 0 and 7 (p>0.05). At Day 0, the fecal properties of all canines appeared in a less solid state, with scores ranging from 2.00 to 2.22; however, at Day 7, the fecal properties improved to normal (3.00 to 3.33). In addition, the results for nutrient digestibility showed that dry matter and crude fat digestibility were significant (p<0.05); however, crude protein and crude ash digestibility were not affected (p>0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that feeding a mixture of H.illucens pellets and canine diets to companion canines has beneficial effects on fecal properties and digestibility without adverse effect.