• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.472-476
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• 2005

The present study was untaken to assess the capacity of Bacillus pumilis KHS-1 to grow on chicken flour and to prepare feather digest as fertilizer. To increase keratinolytic activity, the addition of cysteine (5.0 mM) showed the highest keratinolytic activity (245 unit) among the reducing agents tested. The production of soluble protein (feather digests) paralleled the tendency to the production of keratinolytic protease. In the growth curve of B. pumilis KHS-1 at $30^{\circ}C$ in the feather medium with 5 mM cysteine, the maximum keratinolytic activity of B. pumilis was about 161 units/ml after 84 h of incubation. The maximum enzyme activities were observed at the late logarithmic growth phase, and remained thereafter with little changes. Using 27-day plant growth assays on carrot and Chinese cabbage, feather digests and reference fertilizer were compared. In terms of the length and the weight of the above-ground vegetations, feather digests showed the same effect as that of the fertilizer. Therefore, our investigation shows that the feather digests can be used in agriculture.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.77-79
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• 2003

The effects of dietary supplementation of feather meal digests(FM) and its digests on the growth of broiler chicks and taurine content in the broiler meat were examined. Total of 100 broiler chickens were assigned to five dietary treatments: T1； Control, T2； feather meal(FM) 5 ％ diet, T3； NaOH treated FM 5％ diet, T4； HNO$_3$treated FM 5 ％ diet and T5； synthetic taurine 0.5 % supplemented diet. Taurine content of leg muscle was significantly(P＜0.01) increased by treatments. The highest increase over the control was shown by 0.5 ％ taurine diet(170 ％), followed by FM diet(123 ％), NaOH treated FM diet(122 ％) and HNO$_3$treated FM diet(63 ％). Taurine content of breast muscle was increased by 246 ％ in 0.5 ％ taurine diet but FM diets were not significantly different from the control. Taurine content of heart muscle was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. There were big differences in the average taurine content of the parts or organ of the control birds; 778 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g leg muscle, 79 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g breast muscle and 1482 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g heart muscle. It was concluded that taurine content of leg muscle of broiler can be increased by supplementation of feather meal. Alkaline or acid treatment FM was not effective in improving taurine enrichment of the broiler meat.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.95-96
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of feather meal (FM its) digests on the performance of broiler chicks and taurine content in broiler meat. A total of 1,000 broiler chickens were assigned to five dietary treatments : Control, FM diet(FM), FM+pyridoxine(FM+Pyridox), H$_2$O$_2$ treated FM diet(H$_2$O$_2$-FM) and enzyme treated FM diet (Enzyme-FM). Treated diets were supplemented with FM or FM digests at the level of 5 % to the control diet. During the stater period, weight gain of chicks fed FM+Pyridox was significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of the other FM or FM digest treatments but was not different from the control. Weight gam of overall period were not significantly different among treatments. Feed intake of the control was greater than that of FM or FM digest treatments. Feed conversion ratio(feed intake/gain) of chicks fed FM and H$_2$O$_2$-FM were significantly higher than those of Enzyme-FM and FM+Pyridox, but were not significantly different from the control. Taurine contents of leg and breast mucle were significantly (P<0.01) different among treatments but those of liver were not significantly different. Taurine content of FM+Pyridox was highest in both leg and breast muscle. It was 85 % higher in leg muscle and 15 % higher in breast muscle than that of the control. Sensory evaluation data showed significant but not consistant responses in various parameters. FM + Pyridox treatment showed highest score in aroma of raw leg muscle of male and in juiciness and tenderness of broiled breast muscle of male chickens. Control group showed highest color score in raw leg muscle of female and lowest overall acceptability score in broiled breast and leg muscle of male chicken. It is concluded that taurine can be enriched especially in broiler leg meat by 5 % FM diet supplemented with pyridoxine.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2002

우모 가수분해 물 첨가가 육계의 성장 및 가슴살, 다릿살, 간, 그리고 심장의 타우린 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기위해 1일령 육계 병아리를 실험 1에서는 4처리에 암 수 각각 5수씩 총40수를 배치하였고, 실험 2에서는 같은 방법으로 7처리로 70수를 배치하여 3주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험사료는 대조구(T1) 사료에 5% R-FM(T2),5% NaOH-FM(T3) 그리고 5% $HNO_{3}$ -FM(T4)첨가하여 실험 1을 수행하였으며, 실험 2에서는 실험 1의 처리구들과 함께 5% M-$HNO_{3}$ -FM(TS),5% HM(T6) 그리고 시스틴 파우더 0.22%를 첨가한 처리구(T7)를 추가하여 수행하였다. 타우린 분석은 실험 1에서 가슴살과 간, 실험 2에서는 가슴살, 간, 다릿살 및 심장에서 분석하였다. 실험 1과2에서 모두R-FM과NaOH-FM첨가구가 대조구와 $HNO_{3}$ -FM 첨가구에 이해 증체율이 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 실험 2에서는 시스틴 첨가구가 다른 처리구들에 비해 증체율이 가장 높았으며, NaOH-FM, HM, M-$HNO_{3}$ -FM $HNO_{3}$ -FM대조구 그리고 R-/FM첨가구 순 이었다. 실험 1의 타우린 분석 결과, 가슴살에서 NaOH-FM첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 타우린 농도가 높았으며(P<0.05), 실험 2의 가슴살에서는 NaOH-FM과 CYS 첨가구가 다른 처리구에 비해 타우린 농도가 높은 경향을 보였다. 다릿살의 타우린 분석에서는 R-FM과 NaOH-FM 첨가구가 $HNO_{3}$ -FM과 EM 첨가구에 비해 타우린 농도가 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). :간(실험 1과 2)과 심장(실험 2)에서의 타우린 농도는 처리에 따른 차이가 없게 나타났다. 결론적으로 5% NaOH-FM 첨가구가 육계의 가슴살과 다릿살의 타우린 함량을 높이는 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.102-103
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feather digests on the growth of broiler chicks and taurine content in the broiler meat. In Experiment 1, a total of 40 broiler chickens(Ross) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: control(T1), regular feather meal(FM) diet(R-FM, T2), NaOH treated FM diet(NaOH-FM,T3), HNO3 treated FM diet(HNO3-FM,T4). In Experiment 2, a total of 70 broiler chickens were assigned to 7 dietary treatments: T1~T4(same as those of Exp. 1), modified HNO3 treated FM diet(M-HNO3-FM,T5), hair meal diet(HM,T6) and 0.22% cystine supplemented diet(CYS,T7). Feather meals and hair meal were supplemented at the 5% in the diet. In Experiment 1 and 2, weight gain of chicks fed R-FM and NaOH-FM tended to be higher than those of the control and HNO3-FM. In Experiment 2, weight gain of chicks fed CYS was highest followed by NaOH-FM, HM, M-HNO3-FM, HNO3-FM, control and R-FM. In Experiment 1, taurine content in breast muscle of chicks fed NaOH-FM was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of control. In Experiment 2, taurine content in breast muscle of chicks fed NaOH-FM and CYS tended to be higher than that of other groups. Taurine content in leg muscle was significantly different among treatments as NaOH-FM and R-FM being highest followed by M-HNO3-FM, CYS, control, HNO3-FM and BM. Taurine content in the liver(Exp. 1 and 2) and heart(Exp. 2) were not significantly affected by treatments. These results indicated that 5% NaOH-FM in the diet was effective in increasing taurine content in breast and leg muscle of broiler chicks.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.753-762
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• 2004

우모분(FM)과 우모분 digests가 육계의 성장률과 계육(가슴살, 다릿살) 및 심장의 taurine함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 갓 부화한 Ross${\circledR}$ 병아리 100수를 5처리 2반복 반복당 10수씩(암 수 5수씩) 배치하여 6주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험사료는 기초사료(control) 에 FM 5% 첨가사료(FM), NaOH 처리 FM 5% 첨가사료(NaOH-FM), $HNO_3$ 처리 FM5% 첨가사료$(HNO_3$-FM) 그리고 합성 타우린0.5% 첨가사료(Taurine)를 시험사료로 공시하여 42일간 실시하였으며 21일령까지는 대조구사료를 모두에게 급여하였고, 처리 사료는 22일령부터 42일령까지 급여하였다. 증체량에 있어 처리구들은 control에 비해 낮았지만 유의차가 없었다. 사료 섭취량은 Taurine과 FM 급여구가 대조구에 비해 낮았고 NaOH-FM과 $HNO_3$-FM구들이 FM구 보다는 높은 경향이 있었다. 사료요구율은 NaOH-FM구가 FM과 $HNO_3$-FM구 보다 유의하게 높았고 대조구와 Taurine구와는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 대조구의 taurine 함량을 보면 심장근육이 1482$\mu$g/g 으로 가장 높았고 다리근육이 778$\mu$g/g이었고 가슴살이 79$\mu$g/g으로 낮았다. 다리살과 가슴살의 경우 처리간에 유의차(P<0.01)가 있었으나 심장에서는 유의차가 없었다. 다리살의 경우 control에 비해 처리구들의 taurine 함량이 유의하게 높았는데 Taurine 첨가구에서는 170%, FM구는 123%, NaOH-FM구는 122% 그리고$HNO_3$-FM구는 63% 높았다. 가슴 근육의 타우린 함량은 Taurine구가 타처리구들에 비해 유의하게 높았고 대조구에 비해서는 246% 높았다 성장의 경우에는 처리구들간에 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 육계후기 사료에 우모분을 5% 첨가했을 때, 다리근육의 타우린 함량은 효과적으로 강화시킬수 있었으며 우모분을 NaOH 나 $HNO_3$로 처리하는 것은 taurine 강화에 도움이 되지 않았다.