• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to seek analysis of related factors for dental fear and to know the fear component affecting the treatment of the dental treatment. Methods : Total of 320 females and males aging from 10 to 40 years old with dental treatments done from May to July 2010 have participated with self-entry survey method utilizing the Dental Fear Survey questionnaire. The data received was analyzed using the descriptive statistic, t-test, ANOVA and multiple correlation analysis with level of significance as p<0.05. Results : The dental fear factor were significantly high in woman by $2.79{\pm}0.92$ and in 40's age group by $2.82{\pm}0.84$ (p<0.05). Participants with frequent tooth ache, experiencing pain while treating the tooth ache and breaking the dental treatment appointment showed higher fear factor. Thoughts of having poor dental health condition caused bad influence on fear factor. Overall, the factors affecting the fear of the dental treatments were gender, an ache while treating, number of missed appointment, and distrust of the dentist, stimulation factor were the factors affecting the treatment. Conclusions : The fear factors in the dental treatment were higher with gender, related characteristics of the oral health and distrust of the dentist. Therefore accurately recognizing the sensitive patient with dental treatment, proper management of the toothache, effort to increase the creditability of the doctors and separately treating patient customized for each individual patient will reduce the fear of the dental treatment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.553-560
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the dental fear of dental patients during treatment. Methods : Statistical package PASW 18.0 WIN(USA) was used to analyzed the frequency and percentage of the general characteristics. T-test and one-way ANOVA were used. Results : Females tended to have more fear than male. The first visit to dental clinic was the most important fear factor. Most of the subjects did not receive regular dental checkup because of fear since entering elementary schools. Conclusions : In order to reduce dental fear, comfortable environments may be necessary for treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.67-80
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is aimed to analyze the influential factors on the fear that college students and elderly people feel during the dental treatment and provide basic data needed to develop a plan which can lead them to have a positive perspective on dentistry. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 241 outpatients (39 college students, 202 elderly people) visiting dental clinic of 'K' University Hospital in Seoul from January to April, 2013. It was filled in a self-administered manner and collected right away. Results: factor analysis, three factors were configured when the factors with 1.0 or higher of eigenvalue were extracted using 19 questions through which dental fear and anxiety were measured against college students and elderly people. The questionnaires were classified into three categories: Factor I (stimulus response), Factor II (avoidance of the treatment) and Factor III (physiological response which occurs when a patient feels fear). As a result, it was confirmed that the questionnaire tool is highly feasible. In college students, the responses they felt during the dental treatment in the said three factors were as follows: 52.00% in Factor II, 14.14% in Factor II and 6.99% in Factor III (73.129% in total). In elderly people, on the contrary, they were 52.41% in Factor I, 10.57% in Factor II and 7.98% in Factor III (70.958% in total), lower than the college student group. Conclusions: This study is significant in that it confirmed complex relations between dental fear and related variables against college students and elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.2 s.119
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• pp.243-257
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• 2007

This paper aims to analyze fear of crime which is considered socio-psychologically important in our daily lives from a geographical point of view. Especially, the spatial patterns of the fear of crime which were analyzed in the area of Youngtong in Suwon city. First, this paper takes a look at the correlation between the incidence of crime and the fear of crime. Most people feel fear in actual crime scenes, but they do not always coincide with place where people feel the high level of fear. Fear of crime is closely connected with physical environments as well as the incidence of crime. The level of fear is high in places where the light is dark, unfrequented paths, especially in parks and around mountains. Several factors which have effects on fear of crime operate differently upon place. Second, a survey which measures the fear of crime was quantitatively analyzed. Factor analysis was employed to find out whether questions are appropriate for measuring the fear of crime as well as to reduce the amount of data so that more exact result can be derived from the data. Through the factor analysis, seven factors were extracted and it is found that a factor of incivility accounts for 24.032% of variance. Other factors which affect fear of crime are community cohesion, warning, incidence of crime, victimization, morality and authority.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.562-575
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to test the determinants of fashion savvy. As determinants, this study examined fear of negative evaluation by others and self esteem as subject-related variables and consumer confidence in fashion decisions as the product-related variable. It was hypothesized that fear of negative evaluation and self esteem influence fashion savvy both directly and indirectly through consumer confidence in fashion decisions. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul metropolitan area, using convenience sampling, and 311 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. In analyzing data, factor analysis and path analysis were conducted. Tests of the hypothesized path show that one factor of fear of negative evaluation and self esteem influence fashion savvy directly and indirectly through consumer confidence in fashion decisions. More specifically, 'fear of negative impression and judgment' factor negatively influences 'marketing literacy' and 'consumer selfefficacy' of fashion savvy, whereas self-esteem positively influences 'consumer self-efficacy' of fashion savvy. In addition, consumer confidence in fashion decisions influences all six factors of fashion savvy. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future study are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.951-959
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the fear of dentist care, subjective recognition of dental health, and quality of life in the male high school students and to analyze the influencing factors on dental health care. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 243 special high-school in Deagu province from March 3 to March 14, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(5 questions), subjective recognition of health and activities to improve health(6 questions), dental fear(20 questions), oral health related quality of life(16 questions). The instrument for dental fear was adapted from measured by Berggren Dental Fear Survey(DFS). A total of 20 DFS questions included treatment avoidance(8 questions), stimulus reaction(6 questions), and physiological reaction(5 questions) and score by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach alpha was 0.974 in the study. Oral health related quality of life was measured by 16 questions of CPQ11-14 for the adolescents by Lau. CPQ11-14 consisted of oral symptoms(4 questions), functional restriction(4 questions), and emotional wellbeing(4 questions). The instrument was score by Likert 5 scale and Cronbach alpha was 0.9354 in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program for ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results: Fear of dentist care showed significant differences in treatment avoidance factor(p<0.001), stimulus reaction factor (p<0.05), and physiological reaction factor(p<0.001). The factors depended on subjective recognition of health and health-improving activities and differences in treatment avoidance factor(p<0.05) and physiological reaction factor(p<0.01). The dental symptoms factors showed significant differences in health recognition(p<0.001), interest in health(p<0.001), alcohol drinking status(p<0.001) and regular meal(p<0.001). While function limit factors showed differences in health recognition (p<0.001), interest in health(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.001), alcohol drinking(p<0.001) and regular meal(p<0.001). Mental and social stabilities factors showed significant differences in health recognition(p<0.001), interest in health(p<0.001) and alcohol drinking status(p<0.001). Among the factors influencing on the quality of life in dental health, interest in health(p<0.005), alcohol drinking(p<0.005) and physiological reaction in the midst of fear of dentist care(p<0.001) were the significant impact factor. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop a continuous and systematical program of dental health and dental care by experts so that the students can reduce the fear of dentist care by regular dental checkup and preventive treatment and care.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.371-379
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop basic data in improving quality of life along with the enhancement in oral health, by arranging a plan for being able to reduce dental fear given the dental treatment in the future by grasping the subjective oral health recognition & status, and the dental fear level of the dental treatment field targeting patients of visiting dental clinics in Busan and Gyeongnam area. In the whole items of DFS, a sense of fear was higher in women than men. A factor of avoiding dental treatment stood at 1.72 points in men and 2.10 points(p<0.001) in women. A factor of response to stimulation stood at 2.75 points in men and 3.20 points(p=0.001) in women. A fear level according to dental kind was high in a factor of avoiding implant treatment(p=0.015), a factor of avoiding orthodontic treatment(p=0.002), physiological reaction(p=0.009), a factor of avoiding prosthesis treatment(p=0.014), a factor of avoiding pulpectomy treatment(p=0.005), a factor of physiological reaction(p=0.017), a factor of avoiding periodontal therapy(p=0.013), a factor of physiological reaction(p=0.004), and a factor of avoiding treatment given not receiving regular checkup(p=0.027). In the above results, to reduce dental fear, there will be a need of developing diverse programs and oral health eduction for regular checkup and preventive treatment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.741-749
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• 2012

Objectives : High school students to measure fear of dental treatment, dental health care workers according to the level of reliability of this study is to determine the extent of terror was carried out. Methods : Located in Gwangju, 165 high school students were surveyed. SPSS windows ver. 11.0 by demographic characteristics and oral health characteristics of the frequency and percentage, and dental health care workers about the reliability of the Chi-square test, the general characteristics and oral health characteristics by dental fear of the t-test and one way ANOVA and were factors associated with dental fear of the stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. General characteristics, except Cronbach-${\alpha}$ coefficient was 0.911. Results : According the general fear of Dental Treatment Fear Factor item 4, you'll feel the highest fear when you feel the muscle tension and the needle pricks your skin. The reliability of dental health care workers if the dentist lower the higher the grade, subjective oral health status is considered more reliable health was higher, the stronger the reliability of pain was significantly lower (p<0.05). Other care coordination include the reliability of sources of interest in subjective oral health history, no past experience in treating pain and increase the number of reliability was low (p<0.05), past experience and increase the number of pain during treatment the stronger the fear of more pain showed an increase (p<0.05). Conclusion : According the related factors about the fear of dental treatment, stimulus-response and fear of dental office have increased, the fear of dental treatment increase.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 2007

From April 9th to May 4th 2007, making a random selection of three private dental clinics in Busan, this study investigated the fear for dental treatment for 178 adults over twenty. Using four items of General Characteristics and DFS of twenty items, the degree of fear for dental treatment was evaluated by self administrated questionnaire. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Reliability analysis of each factor in details was 0.662~0.921 in Cronbach' alpha Coefficients. For Cronbach' alpha Coefficients was over 0.6. Dental Fear Survey Scale was reliable. 2. Dental stimulus response scale of three factors appeared more fear than two factors of the rest. The fear for dental treatment was higher in wemen, older ages, high education level and high income. 3. Factor of dental stimulus response scale, avoidance of dentistry and physiologic response scale accounted for 66.1%($R^2=66.1$)of the variation in dental fear factor as a result from stepwise regression analysis.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2009

In this study, by both qualitative and quantitative measurement on the purpose of deriving the sensitive amusement factor. I consider the fear of horror games as "the amused fear" and analyze it, which is based on the play theory by Roger Caillois. On the basis of this, I classified the amusement fear in horror games into the 4 factors. I conducted some positive tests through the player's response in order to verify them. The test is conducted measuring the heart rate of each experimenter by cardiometer while they are playing horror games. By analyzing the video data, I gave a name to the point that the amusement fear factors are expected to influence psychologically and physiologically as the fear point. At this point, I examined if the measured heart rate makes the outstanding difference or not, when compared average heart rate with experimenter's heart rate. In addition, I also examined if there is a statistical correlation of heart rate by attaching player's subjective data through the questionnaire. Consequently, it was statistically turned out that the experimenter's heart rate which is measured rose dramatically than usual, and that there are close correlations among subjective data. I also found out that the amusement fear factor at the relevant point plays a major role in experimenter's psychological and physiological response. In this study, I could prove the horror factor as a meaning of amusement factor using both theoretical method and positive method establishing a standard set that is helpful for further production and planning of the game.