• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2000

This study is applied to the Erikson's concept of generative fathering that meets the needs of the next generation and investigated the relationship between generative fathering and the attachment security. Sixty-five of 30-36 months old children (37 boys and 28 girls) and their parents participated in this study. Fathers completed the questionnaire of parental generativity, which include items on their support of physical development, social-emotional development and intellectual development. Children's attachment was reported by mothers using the Attachment Q-set. Results revealed that father's parental generativity was noted as 3.09 in 1 to 5 child rearing activities. But the results showed that there was a significant difference in child's sex and child's birth order. Also, it was found that children's secure attachnent to their fathers was not high. There was an association between fathering generativity and children's secure attachment. This findings imply that father's active child rearing participation will increase children's secure attachment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.85-105
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of victimization by peers on self-esteem and the role of father/mother attachment and friendship with a range of 354 2nd-grade junior high school students(169 boys and 185 girls). The subjects reported victimization, father/mother attachment, friendship(number of friends and presence of a best friend), self-esteem and their peers rated victimization, too. The result indicated that (1) Victims in the end of the second semester were also those who were victimized by peers in the end of the first semester, (2) The victimization by peers effected on self-esteem in boys and girls, (3) The interaction effect of victimization and parent attachment on self-esteem was statistically significant only for boys, and friendship on self-esteem was statistically significant only for girls.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aims to provide foundational data for preparing for educational programs on the role of a father that are designed to help primiparous spouses carry out the paternal role successfully. Methods: This study was conducted in two OB/GYN clinics and a study sample of 277 primiparous spouses who satisfied the selection criteria was selected. Results: Of the correlation among the childhood experiences, paternal attachment and role of a father of the subjects, the childhood experiences had a positive correlation with the paternal-infant attachment and the role of a father. The paternal-infant attachment and the role of a father also had a positive correlation. Conclusion: An infant is influenced primarily by his or her parents, who will have immense influences on the child's growth and development. Since the paternal-infant attachment is closely related to the role of a father, the development of positive paternal-infant attachment must be preceded in order for a primiparous spouse to carry out the role of a father successfully. Therefore, the development of nursing intervention programs is needed to foster the proper understanding of the role of a father, accommodate the practical needs of primiparous spouses and nurture the paternal-infant attachment for the promotion of realistic, successful role of a father.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 2012

The present study systematically analyzed the relationships between children's emotional and behavioral problems, attachment, fears and coping behaviors. The subjects of this study were 63 school-aged children residing in Seoul, Gwangiu and South Jeolla province. The findings indicated that emotional and behavioral problems were negatively correlated to children's attachments to their fathers and peers. The children's attachment to peers had a significant correlation as well as behavioral problems and coping strategies used by children in stressful situations. Emotional problems were explained by fears of realistic objects, the seeking out of social support, mother and father attachment, and fears of imaginary objects. In addition, behavioral problems were explained by aggressive coping behaviors and child-father attachment.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2005

This study was conducted to find out the paternal attachment to neonate, and to identify factors affecting paternal attachment. The purpose was to make the base data for nursing intervention to improve paternal attachment. The subjects of this study were 93 fathers whose partners have delivered normal neonate in 1 hospital in Busan. Data were collected from Sep. 1th to Oct. 31th 2005 by a self-report questionnaire. The instrument for this study was based on 7 kinds of characteristics of paternal attachment by Greenberg & Morris(1974), and modified by researchers. The statistical methods for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS program Ver 10. The conclusions are as follows. Fathers had the high degree of paternal attachment to neonate. But, there were not significant correlations between paternal attachment and the father's demographic characteristics, pregnancy plan, delivery pattern, delivery order, sex of neonate and past experience. Also there were not significant correlations between paternal attachment and early visual contact frequency of father-neonate. Further research about factors affecting paternal attachment to neonate and high risk neonate as well as low birth weight neonate is required.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.307-322
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• 2000

This study examined the relation between parent attachment, peer rejection, and friendship in 768 eighth grade students and victimization by peers in early adolescence. The subjects reported on father attachment, mother attachment, and victimization. Victimization was also rated by peers and teachers. The subjects were assessed on peer rejection and friendship(number of friends and presence of a best friend). The results indicated that (1)Father attachment and mother attachment were negatively related to self-reported victimization; (2)Peer rejection was positively related to victimization; (3)The number of friends was negatively related to victimization rated by peers, and victimization rated by peers varied as a function of the presence of a best friend only for girls; (4)The relation between parent attachment and victimization was not mediated by peer rejection or friendship, which indicated that parent attachment had a direct influence on victimization.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2012

Objectives: The study has a purpose of contributing to understanding children of multi-cultural families and healthy development of children by examining influences of parental attachment perceived by the children on their anger trait and anger expressions. Methods: The data were collected from 113 students in grade 4~6, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, pearson correlation coefficient by the SPSS/PC 18.0 program. Results: The result showed the stable attachment with parents significantly influences children's anger and expression(anger out/control). And mother's attachment was significantly stronger than father's attachment, especially mutual trust and communication. Father's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out/in, and mother's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out. Actually father's attachment had stronger influences children's anger and anger expression. Conclusions: There was relationship between father's attachment and anger trait/ expression by children of multi-cultural families. For the effective management of multi-cultural children's anger, programs focusing on improving father-child relationships need to be established.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.132-141
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• 2022

Purpose: This study examined the effects of an educational program for fathers on improving father-infant interactions, child-rearing knowledge, and attachment. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were recruited by convenience sampling among fathers with infants (2-6 months of age) residing in three districts of Seoul. Fifteen participants in the experimental group and 17 participants in the control group completed the follow-up investigation. A 5-week online and offline intervention program with five sessions was provided to the experimental group. The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs). Results: There was a significant difference in the change in father-infant interaction scores of the experimental group, especially in the caregiver aspect with a significance level of .100 in time and group-to-group interactions (B=6.46, p=.051, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.02-12.94). The changes between the groups and times were not statistically significant when it came to infant development knowledge and father-infant attachment. Conclusion: We conclude that hybrid online and offline education should be implemented as an effective method to improve fathers' interactions with their children based on accurate knowledge about infant development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.129-142
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of self-regulation abilities on the relationships between parental attachment, peer attachment, teacher attachment and children's happiness in elementary school students in higher grades. The subjects of this study were selected from 4th-6th grade students residing in Dae-gu and Kyung-buk using questionnaires from May 1st to July 1st in 2014. The statistical analysis program(SPSS) was used for analyzing the collected data from the research in correlation analysis. To examine the mediating effects of self-regulation abilities on the relationship between parental attachment, peer attachment and teacher attachment and children's happiness, the Baron and Kenny(1986) model was used.. The results are as follows. First, in the case of father attachment, mother attachment, peer attachment, and teacher attachment, self-regulation abilities and children's happiness, as perceived by higher grade elementary school children positive correlations were observed. Second, in terms of relative effects of father attachment, mother attachment, peer attachment and teacher attachment on children's happiness, mother attachment was observed to have the most effect on children's happiness. Third, self-regulation abilities, as perceived by the children, mediated the effect of father attachment, mother attachment, peer attachment, and teacher attachment amongst higher grade elementary school students and the subsequent affect on children's happiness.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.119-145
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the latent styles of attachment across four major attachment figures (i.e., father, mother, best friend, and romantic partner) for Korean emerging adults. In this study, adult attachment had two dimensions (i.e., attachment anxiety and avoidance) and was measured by the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS). Data came from 317 undergraduate students in nine universities across the nation. A latent profile analysis classified the sample into four groups. (a) The "somewhat father avoidant secure" group reported the lowest levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance across close relationships but was moderately avoidant in their relationship with the father. (b) The "overall avoidant" group had the highest levels of attachment avoidance across close relationships, but along with the "father avoidant secure" group, they had the lowest levels of attachment anxiety. (c) The "romantic anxious" group was unique with the highest level of attachment anxiety toward romantic partners while reporting relatively lower levels of attachment avoidance across relationships. (d) The "overall anxious-avoidant" group was the highest in attachment anxiety and avoidance across all of their close relationships except for attachment avoidance from best friends and romantic partners, which were the highest among the "overall avoidant" group. These four groups also differed in their levels of depressive symptoms and affection for the father and the mother. This study uniquely contributes to the literature by identifying the latent attachment styles considering four attachment figures and examining the characteristics of these attachment styles.