• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.284-296
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to examine the levels of serum lipids and lipoproteins of college students and the correlations between serum lipid levels and food habits. 202 college students(99 males and 103 females) were selected as subjects for this study during November, 1993. The mean height and weight were 173.2 cm, 63.7 kg for males and 159.4 cm, 50.8 kg for females, respectively. The mean serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG levels were 172.2, 103.4, 52.3 and 82.3 for males and 182.4, 111.6, 56.3 and 72.5 mg 161 for females, respectively. Serum lipid levels of males were significantly lower than those of females except TG. There was no significant difference In TG levels between males and females. Food habit scores of females were significantly higher than those of males. The significantly different items between males and females were numbers of daily meal intake, duration of meal intake, regular daily Intakes of cereals, fruits, vegetables and animal fat, exercise, alcohol intake and smoking. Food habit score of Items except exercise in females were higher than those of items in males. LDL-C and LPH were positively correlated with food habit score. TC and LDL-C were positively correlated with eating-out, alcohol intake, smoking but negatively correlated with numbers of daily meal intake. HDL-C was positively correlated with overeating, but negatively correlated with cholesterol intake. There was no significant correlation between TG and food habit items. Regular meal intake was positively correlated to LPH by having a negative correlation with HDL-C in males and regular daily intake of cereal was positively correlated to LPH by haying a positive correlation with LDL-C in females. There were significant correlation between food habits and anthropometric measurements. Height and weight were positively correlated with daily meal intake and exercise but negatively correlated with duration of meal intake, daily intakes of cereals, vegetables fruits and animal fat, smoking, alcohol intake. Smoking was negatively correlated with height and weight in males, over-eating was negatively correlated with height in females. Finally this study showed an interesting results that balanced intake of five basic food groups were positively correlated with weight in males but with height in females.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of boxing combined training on cardiopulmonary function and health-related fitness in male college students over a period of eight weeks. Methods: Eighteen male students were randomly assigned to the following groups: boxing exercise (n=6), aerobic exercise e(n=6), and non-exercise (n=6). The exercise program was conducted for 50 minutes every three weeks, for a total of eight weeks. After eight weeks, the factors that affected the measurement variables were analyzed, and the following results were obtained. Results: Participants in the eight-week boxing exercise group and the aerobic exercise group showed significantly increased maximal oxygen, which was not observed in the control group. The body mass index decreased in the aerobic exercise group, but did not significantly differ between the boxing exercise and control groups. Body fat (%) and abdominal fat (%) significantly decreased in all exercise groups, but significantly increased in the control group. Skeletal muscle mass increased in the boxing exercise group, but did not significantly differ between the boxing, aerobic exercise, and control groups. Muscular strength and muscular endurance increased in both exercise group, but did not change in the control group. Flexibility showed no differences between the groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, an eight-week boxing exercise program for college students showed positive effects on cardiorespiratory function and health-related fitness.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.1104-1115
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• 2023

The present study aims to verify the usefulness of microcurrent stimulation as an effective intervention for managing body shape. Thirty female college students with a percentage body fat of 30% or more participated as subjects and belonged to the one of three groups; control group, combined exercise group, microcurrent stimulation group. Based on the results of analyzing the measurement data from pre- and post-intervention for four weeks for each group, the following conclusions were obtained. There was no statistically significant difference in all measured variables in the control group. However, waist circumference and TC were significantly reduced in the combined exercise group, and also weight, percentage body fat, waist circumference, and apolipoprotein were significantly reduced in microcurrent stimulation group. Considering the above conclusions, it can be suggested that microcurrent stimulation could be an effective intervention to improve body composition and blood lipid profile to have a healthy body.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.745-752
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• 2005

Purpose : Adolescent obesity is known to be associated with complications such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and insulin resistance. We measured the common carotid artery by ultrasound as a predictor of atherosclerosis, and investigated the relationship between carotid artery parameters and serum cytokines in obese adolescents. Methods : Twenty-nine obese adolescents(16-17 years old, obesity index>130 percent) and twentyseven normal controls were included. Obesity index and body mass index were calculated from their height and weight. Skin fold thickness was measured at the triceps, and fat mass and fat distribution by bioelectrical impedence analysis. Blood pressure was measured at resting state and serum lipid, insulin, and homocysteine levels after a 12-hour fasting period. Intimal wall thickness, systolic and diastolic diameters of the common carotid artery were measured by ultrasound, and compliance and distensibility calculated by equation. Results : Systolic and diastolic diameters of the carotid artery significantly correlated with arm circumference, body mass index, fat distribution and fat mass. The higher systolic blood pressure was, the larger systolic and diastolic diameter. The higher diastolic blood pressure was, the larger carotid intimal thickness. Insulin levels had positive correlations with systolic, diastolic diameters and serum homocysteine level with intimal thickness. Conclusion : The carotid artery diameter significantly increased with the degree of obesity and blood pressure. The carotid intimal wall thickness significantly correlated with diastolic blood pressure. Measurement of carotid artery thickness, insulin and homocysteine levels might be useful to predict the development of coronary artery disease.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.127-143
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• 2014

This study investigated color barley powder substituted for wheat flour in bread recipes with the amounts of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Color barley powder consisted of 9.35% of moisture content, 9.37% of crude protein, 1.64% of crude fat and 2.96% of crude ash. Water soluble dietary fiber is 3.21, insoluble dietary fiber is 4.91, total dietary fiber content is 8.12, and ${\beta}$-glucan is 49.31. DPPH radical scavenging activity is 56.76%, total phenol content is 234.34. The farinograph measurement result of the bread made with color barley powder showed that consistency, water absorption, development time and time breakdown have decreased. The alveogram measurement result of the bread made with color barley powder showed that overpressure, extensibility, swelling index and deformation energy have increased. The amylograph measurement result of the bread made with color barley powder showed that peak viscosity, hot past viscosity and breakdown have decreased. Baking loss and specific loaf volume have decreased as the color barley powder content increased. The chromaticity measurement result showed that the 'L' and 'b' of bread have increased as the color barley powder content increased, while the chromatic 'a' value increased. The texture measurement result showed that the hardness and gumminess of bread have increased as the color barley powder content increased. cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness have decreased. Overall preference scores showed a high overall acceptability for the bread made with 10% color barley powder.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 1997

According to economical status, malnutrition and overnutrition coexist among preschool children in Korea. Malnutrition have been a serious problem for children in some of rural. Many children have deficiencies of some nutrients such as riboflavin A, and simultaneously they have overcaloric intakes with empty calorie foods. Preschool children have nutritional problems which can affect the growth and development. To investigate whether nutritional intakes can influence on the growth or not, nutritional intakes and anthropometric measurements were determined for infants aged 4~6 years old in three different kinds of preschools. Daily nutrient intakes were calculated by the combination of a direct measurement and 24 hour recall, and the diet consumption patterns were determined by diet quality index. Overall growth of infants in Cheonan area was under the normal growth in Korea. Preschool children in orphanage consumed almost all nutrients much less than the recommended daily allowances, on the other hands, children in private preschool had over-intakes of nutrients when it is compared with the daily requirements. However, the scores of the diet quality index were similar in three preschools since children in private preschool consumed more fat and junk food than those in orphanage. The weight and height of preschool children in orphanage was lower than those in private preschools. This was due to the lower consumption of the important nutrients in infants in orphanage. The consumption of all nutrients except fat did not show any correlation with height or weight. The quality index of fat, cholesterol, grains and protein intakes was higher in children in private preschool than in orphanage. In conclusions, 1)the private preschool children had worse nutrient intake patterns. Better consumption of vitamin $B_2$, calcium and grains were, bigger height and chest circumferences children obtained. 2)Since most of energy intake of preschool children came from junk foods, they needed to consume more supplementation of vitamins and minerals, which is necessary for normal growth. 3)It is desirable for the children to cut down junk foods and empty calorie foods.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to discover a food material having anti-obesity effects and to disseminate information on the effects of the material to people who are interested in anti-obesity. For this study, 11 kinds of Auricularia (wood ear) spp., including 8 strains of Auricularia auricula-polytricha, and 3 strains of A. auricula-judae, were presented by the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services. 3T3-L1 (preadipocyte cell) was used for identifying the inhibition effect on adipocyte differentiation. As a result, this study found that all the extracts had slightly different degrees of inhibition effects on adipocyte differentiation. Among the A. auricula-polytricha strains, strain 21001 showed the most significant effect (4.58%), and the inhibition effect of strain 21002 (4.43%) was the greatest among A. auricula-judae strains. Overall, the inhibition effect of A. auricula-polytricha strains was greater than that of A. auricula-judae strains. The results of mRNA and protein analysis also demonstrated that the inhibition effect of A. auricula-polytricha 21001 was superior to that of any other strains. An in vivo study using 56 ICR mice (6w, male), was performed for 4 weeks. A. auricula-polytricha 21001, which exhibited the most significant effect in the in vitro study was used to compose six different types of feeds. Daily body weight gain of the high-fat diet containing 0.2% 21001 extract feeding group was $0.22{\pm}0.08g$ (*p < 0.05), and it was 31.25% lower than that of the high-fat diet feeding group ($0.32{\pm}0.06$). Internal organ weight measurement and blood analysis were performed immediately after animal sacrifice. The results proved that treatment with more than 0.1% of A. auricula-polytricha strain 21001 could significantly reduce (more than *p < 0.05) the weight of liver and epididymal fat, and levels of glucose, total cholesterol, AST, and ALT in blood.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.43-57
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• 2010

Objectives : To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on parameters related to obesity in adults with abdominal obesity. Methods : A three arm randomized single blind pilot study was conducted from Jan 4 to March 25, 2010 in Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Hospital. The subjects were 39 adults with abdominal obesity and were randomly divided by computer generated random table into 3 groups; EA(electroacupuncture), sham EA(sham electroacupuncture) and waitlist groups. Acupuncture points located at abdomen($CV_{12}$, $CV_6$, $ST_{25}$, $SP_{15}$, $SP_{14}$) and extremities($LI_4$, $LI_{11}$, $ST_{36}$, $ST_{44}$) were inserted by disposable stainless steel needles and were stimulated 30 minutes with 24Hz, 0.27~1.3mA(tolerable strength), asymmetric biphasic continuous pulse wave form by STN-111 Stratek device in EA group. Two treatment sessions per week for 5 weeks(10 sessions in total) were done in EA and sham EA groups. The primary outcome measurement was WC(waist circumference), and the secondary outcome measurements included WHR(waist hip ratio), ASF(thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat), and inbody measurements of BW(body weight), BMI(body mass index), BFR(body fat ratio) and VFA(visceral fat area), and also scores of BULIT-R(bulimia test revised), KoQoL(Korean obesity of QoL) and BSQ(body shape questionnaire). Results : All of 39 subjects were included in ITT(intention-to-treat) analysis. There were significant reductions in WC, WHR and ASF after 5-week electroacupuncture treatments and the percentage reductions were significantly greater than sham EA or waitlist group. There were no significant differences between groups in percentage reductions of other parameters(BW, BMI, BFR, VFA, BULIT-R, KoQoL and BSQ). But, there were continuous reductions in BW, BMI, BFR and VFA at 3 weeks after the end of treatment and there was significant reduction in BW compared with the baseline value in EA group. No seriously adverse effects were reported during the period. Conclusions : Electroacupuncture was more effective than sham electroacupuncture or no intervention on the reduction of WC, WHR and ASF in adults with abdominal obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2002

Alteration in the syntesis or enhanced inactivation of nitric oxide(NO) can induce impairment of endothelial cell function. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) is characterized by impaired endothelial function and vascular disease. NO is produced through L-arginine pathway To elucidate the hypothesis that the decreased production on NO in IDDM reflects vascular damage and the NO production can be manipulated by either dietary fat(7% of kg diet) or the oral supplementation with L-arginine(2g/kg bw), plasma markers for vascular endothelial damage and plasma lipid profiles were measured in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic or normal Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks(SO : soybean oil, SOA: soybean oil + L-arginine supplementation, BT : beef tallow, BTA_ beef tallow + L-arginine supplementation, OV olive oil, OVA : olive oil + L-arginine supplementation). Plasma glucose, total cholesterel, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were measured. Endothelial markers, plasma von Willebrand factor(vWf), thromboxane B$_2$, and 6-keto PGF1$\alpha$ of aorta were measured by ELISA. Plasma NO production was evaluated through the measurement of nitrite by EIA. Feeding saturated fatty acid(SFA, BT) increased relative liver size(RLS) in diabetic rats compared to either polyunsatunted fatty acid(PUFA, SO) or monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA, OV) The supplementation of L-arginine inhibited the liver and kidney enlargement in olive oil find diabetic rats. Plasma glucose was lower in diabetic animal find the olive oil compared to fed beef tallow and the supplementation L-arginine decreased it in diabetic rats find beef tallow significantly(p < 0.05). Plasma TXB$_2$ levels were increased due to diabetes and the value of beef tallow group showed highest value. Plasma vWf concentration of beef tallow group was higher value in normal rats and was elevated more in diabetes. In diabetic groups, the vWf concentration of olive oil group was lower than beef tallow or soybean oil group. The supplementation of L-arginine in diabetic rats decreased plasma TXB$_2$ and vWf levels significantly(p < 0.05). NO production was higher in normal olive oil fed rats and was tend to be decreased in diabetic rats and the supplementation of L-arginine recovered to normal value(p < 0.05), Olive oil supplemented with L-arginine tended to lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol after 4 week treatment. These results suggest that generalized vascular endothelial changes based on plasma TXB$_2$and vWf occurs in diabetic rats. and olive oil with L-arginine supplementation contributes to a better control of the hyperglycemia, endothelial changes and hypercholesterolemia accompanying diabetes as compared with beef tallow or soy bean oil in this rat model.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.786-789
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• 1996

An image processing system was built to evaluate the color properties of apple and meat. The system consisted of video camera, video card, 32 bit microcomputer and an optical illuminator. The operating software was developed to carry out capturing, analyzing, displaying and storing of the 8 bit digitized images of food. The images of apples at various maturing stages were investigated to obtain the color histogram of R, G, B and Hunter value. RGB histogram showed a major difference in G value, 35.01, the minor change in R value, 6.16, and the negligible difference in B value. The image of beef cut was separated into two parts, fat and lean tissue, by applying threshold value method based on the digital value of color. The threshold value for fat was over 240 and for lean under 230 in R value, respectively. The resulting non fat image showed 2% decreased color difference value, ${\Delta}E$, than whole meat cut.