• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.679-690
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare clothes-wearing in winter between Korean and Japanese college students and to provide the fundamental data for apparel manufacturers to produce young woman's clothing. A total of 332 Korean female students in the capital area and 347 Japanese female students in Tokyo aged between 19 and 25 were used into data analysis from December 2007 to January 2008. Their majors were Fashion Design and Clothing & Textiles. The questionnaires consisted of 36 questions in total. Their details were as follows: 2 questions about the purposes of wearing clothes in winter, 5 questions about whether or not underwear was worn and its types, 9 questions about the types of wearing outer garments, 17 questions about the types of wearing accessories, and 3 questions about demographic characteristics. The results were as follows: It was found that many female students wore clothes for "a protection purpose" or "an ornamental purpose" in winter. There was significant difference between Korea and Japan. As for the question about whether or not underwear was worn in winter, less Korean students answered than Japanese students that they wore both of upper and lower underwear. More upper underwear was worn than lower underwear. As for the question about the types of wearing outer garments, both Korean and Japanese students answered that they wore 3-layered upper garments in winter most. The types of upper garments worn in winter were different between Korea and Japan. The lower garments worn in winter were different between the two countries as well. The Korean students mainly wore pants while the Japanese students wore skirts. As for the types of accessories, there was significant difference between Korea and Japan about most of the questions about hats and gloves. Korean students wore them more than Japanese students. There was no significant difference between the two countries about whether or not scarves or earmuffs were worn. In both countries, more students wore scarves while less students wore earmuffs.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-96
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• 2001

This paper introduces a new type of industrial cluster developed at the CBD of Seoul. Conventionally, clusters are said to be consisted of hi-tech, often If activities, manufacturing industries or artisan craft industries with increasing vertical integration and performance usually supported by venture capitals and favorable business infrastructure, not to mention governments', be it central or local, incentive plans. The study area, Cheonggyechon region has long been a traditional CBD frame of Seoul, Korea, being troubled by deterioration, traffic jams, and environmental degradation as most inner cities experience. Recently. this region has transformed to the most dynamic and productive area not by IT industries but by apparel and fashion activities. The study of the developmental trajectory and key characteristics for this kind of industrial cluster can give us insight both for the transition of inner city and for the cluster theory. This Paper firstly briefly Profiles the growth of the Cheonggyechon region over the past decade. It then shows the current spatial and business structure of the new industrial cluster, focusing on the fact that transactions costs are reduced, the creation and flow of information improves. and the local institutions are prone to be most responsive to the new cluster's specialized needs. The third section presents the key components of the customized production-distribution-shopping cluster development process, emphasizing the localized networking. social capital, spontaneous institutionalization of associational economic climate, and cultural economy based on place-specific inertia. The paper concludes with some comments about the prospects and perils of the new industrial cluster of Seoul.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1495-1506
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to investigate the formation and the change of apparel retail structure historically with the viewpoint that the retail structure is affected by the process of economic development. This study was done by literature research method and the result of this study is the following. The tailor and seamstress shops, the first clothing shops in Korea, were replaced by ready-made shops, because mass production system which had developed with the industrialization of Korea increased the advantage of economy of scale compared to handicrafts individual one. After that, the production system of apparel industry had been efficient continuously, while retail system had not. The retailing of famous brand apparel conducted by exclusive franchise store caused supplier oriented markets where the opinion and the desire of consumers were not reflected. While the retailing of the unknown brand apparel handled by small retail stores were inefficient. As the apparel industry matured in 1990s, various types of new stores appeared such as specialty stores, discount stores, TV home shopping, internet shopping, outlet malls, and big fashion stores in Dongdeamoon. These new stores have features of seeking profits in mass merchandising. As these large retail stores grow, the apparel retail structure of Korea is changing from a fragmented market to a vertically integrated one. This change is shown by the decrease of stores per inhabitants. With the change of environment, the apparel retail system which has lagged behind comparatively is expected to develop into more efficient system based on the large capital investment which raise the advantage of economy of scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.325-335
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• 2011

This study analyzes the current educational curricula in the field of Clothing and Textiles in order to develop appropriate educational methods and courses. We reviewed the curricula offered by 58 Clothing and Textiles Departments at four-year universities in Korea. We analyzed the educational content of each curriculum by dividing all of the courses offered into eight categories. The analysis was based on the information posted on the universities' Internet websites, and the analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics. The results of this study are as follows: First, the educational courses of the Clothing and Textiles Departments are composed of, 36.2% design, 20.4% production, and 14.5% textile categories. In comparison with the results of a similar study conducted in 1999, emphases on the design, distribution, and marketing categories have increased, while the emphases on the production, apparel material, basic knowledge, and consumption science categories have decreased. Second, in the case of the apparel material category, basic knowledge of materials constituted 18.5%, the largest part of the category. The average number of units offered in the area of apparel materials by the 58 Departments was 17 units per year. The curricula were found to vary by regions of the country. The universities located in the Chungcheong region offer more textile material courses, but the universities in the Capital region offer fewer textile material courses than other regions. Departments that are affiliated with universities that emphasize Art and Design have more courses on basic knowledge, dyeing and finishing, and fabric design than other universities.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.251-262
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• 2012

This research aimed to examine an advertising location according to consumer involvement about internet search advertising and advertising effect according to advertising forms. This research carried out a questionnaire survey from May 25, 2011 for seven days with the target of men and women at the age of 20s-30s who tried search advertising in Seoul and capital area, and 519 copies were used for final analysis. For analysis of collected materials, the reliability test, factor analysis, $t$-test, regression analysis and ${\chi}^2$ test were executed by using statistical package SPSS 16.0. The results are as follows. First, it appeared that consumer's clothing involvement, advertising involvement, advertising location and advertising forms had an influence on site attitude and clicking intention. Consumers of high clothing involvement, high advertising involvement and upper end advertising appeared to have high site attitude and clicking intention. Second, all consumers of the low and high clothing involvement and upper end advertising appeared to prefer the upper end advertising. It appeared that consumers of low advertising involvement prefer lower end advertising, and consumers of high advertising involvement prefer the upper end advertising at an advertising location according to clothing involvement. Accordingly, it is important that the search advertising exposes advertising in the upper end, and that should use an advertising phrase capable of giving trust to consumers. As the text advertising had high site attitude and clicking intention in the advertising forms, consumers should pay attention to the advertising phrase.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation among adolescents' school consumer education, cell phone consumption behavior and satisfaction with cell phone consumption life. Finally, this study aims to find right ways for leading to adolescents' reasonable consumption life and improving the school consumer education. A survey was conducted to the second grade students 430 of middle school residing in Seoul and the Capital area. As the result of examining the relation among school consumer education, consumption behavior, and consumption life satisfaction, the learning of 'information analysis and decision making process' has a positive effect on 'reasonable purchase and active problem-solving' behavior, and the learning of 'consumption culture' on 'active problem-solving and ethic use' behavior, the learning of 'problem-solving and rights and responsibilities' on 'ethic use' behavior. In addition, it shows that 'ethic usage behavior' in consumption behavior has a positive influence on 'relation satisfaction', and 'reasonable purchase' behavior and 'active problem-solving' behavior on 'practical usage satisfaction'.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.415-427
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• 2009

Woolf s preoccupation with the interplay between gender, commercialism, and the modern city is exposed in higher relief by her feminist remapping of the city through a discourse of fl nerie, which is epitomized in her singular urban travelogues such as Street Haunting and The London Scene essays. A fanatical London-adventurer herself, she assumes the persona of the fl neuse in exploring the street of modern London and especially the public sphere of the marketplace, as represented in Oxford Street Tide. Living and working in the quarter of Bloomsbury, in close proximity to the capital s famous sites of tourism, entertainment, and mass consumption, Woolf was placed at the heart of urban spectacle. In spite of the lack of critical analysis of this high-profile writer s interest in such quotidian matters as shopping, fashion and appearance, which would be informed by a hierarchy of value within literary criticism, it seems that they are inextricably intertwined with her quest into more serious-minded topics that revolve around the twin pillars of her literary project: feminism and modernism. Her essays, in particular, suggest this point in one way or another, mirroring her extraordinary susceptibility to such concerns. For Woolf, street sauntering is synonymous with an act of creative mobility, by which she plays with the notion of shifting identities, rediscovers the urban rarities and splendors, and ultimately pins them down in her literary output. By adopting the identity of a masterly rambler/observer/explorer with an omnipotent gaze, she firmly anchors herself as an active interpreter of urban modernity and viewer of its spectacle. She thus challenges the idea of public space as a male domain, which is central to the classic androcentric discourse of loitering, spectatorship and urban modernity.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 1998

Historically, with change of life' s environment, The view to see object and person has been changed. So, as the conception that visual design is a help to produce and spread heteronomous view, this study analyse the view character of recent society as follows. A cityscape, fashion, product, prints(paper goods), advertising give a person special view and a person see the object with the view to be infected to capitalistic consumer' s custom. This origin has been started with the view that in the end of 19 c, capitalism has a visible system to build up capital and that in the make-up of modern civil society, the view was activated as the power of system maintenance and it internalized a person heteronomous view as the object of the power. The product esthetics as to make an effective demand in consumer capitalism after 70' s has shaped the way to produce the 'view desire" through the absorption. When the object is changed to 'the show" , opposite the activation of product esthetics make a person the consumer or outlooker with view of voyeurism. As to this study, the reverse ability of "product esthetics view" in the image to be produced to visual design is revealed through investigating the view as the power. So, an autonomous visual expression way and self-discipline criticism are needed.riticism are needed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.1 s.66
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• pp.37-57
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the body measurements of boys and girls at puberty and to provide the fundamental data for pubescent apparel manufacturers to produce clothing that reflect their physical characteristics. A total of 549 boys and 529 girls aged between 10 and 14 were measured in the capital area from March 4 to April 3, 2004. Data were collected from 35 anthropometric items and 12 photographic items per a person. SPSS Ver. 12 program was used in data analysis including means, standard deviation, t-test and Duncan test. The main results of this study were as follows. They showed the significant difference of their growth in accordance with the increase of their ages. There were also the difference between boys and girls. As for height and length items, boys showed a slow growth at the age of $10{\sim}11\;and\;12{\sim}13$. Those at the age of $11{\sim}12\;and\;13{\sim}14$ showed rapid growth. That is, an active growth was followed by a slow growth and that phenomenon repeatedly occurred. On the other hand, girls showed remarkable growth at the age $10{\sim}11$ and the growth rate gradually slowed down afterward. Regarding circumference items, boys at the age of $11{\sim}12\;and\;13{\sim}14$ showed remarkable growth. This results showed that boys at the age of $11{\sim}12$ had vertical growth and horizontal growth at the same time and for those at the age of $13{\sim}14$, growth was more conspicuous in horizontal direction. Meanwhile, for girls, the growth rate was high at the age of $11{\sim}12$, somewhat later than the age of the growth of height and length. As for breadth-related items and depth-related items, for both sexes two items grew steadily throughout the ages, breadth-related items showed a higher growth rate than that of depth-related items. This study analyzed the body measurements of pubescent boys and girls and the results showed that, for boys, an active physical growth took place at the age of 13 according to previous studies, but the findings of this study suggested that the phenomenon now occurred at the age of $11{\sim}12$, which proved that physical growth took place earlier than before. Also, an active growth was followed by a slow growth. Girls at puberty showed remarkable growth of height at the age of $10{\sim}11$ that is consistent with previous studies and then showed horizontal growth at the age of around 12, having a voluminous body shape.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1093-1106
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• 2021

This study attempted to investigate the influence of a beauty influencer's characteristics on makeup behavior and color cosmetics purchase intention against young female consumers in their 20-30s, who are a primary target for beauty influencer marketing. It aimed to provide basic data which are helpful in promoting marketing and expanding markets for color cosmetics through beauty influencers. For this, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Among a total of 563 questionnaires distributed across Seoul and capital region, 531 copies were used for final analysis, and the results found the followings: In terms of age, factors affecting beauty influencers' characteristics differed depending on reliability and expertise. Specifically, reliability and communicative competence had a positive effect(+) on all makeup behavior while expertise revealed a positive influence on base makeup only. In color cosmetics purchase intention, a positive effect was observed in reliability, communicative competence and attractiveness. In particular, reliability showed the largest influence. Therefore, there should be continued efforts to maintain a long-term relationship with consumers through communication based on beauty influencers' characteristics and by delivering more diverse makeup and color cosmetics-related information in an open and honest fashion.