• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to examine patients who developed acute pesticide poisoning while spraying or using pesticide and presented to the emergency department in hospitals in Chungcheongnam-do Province. Based on the findings, this study will provide implications for safety and health management pertaining to the use of pesticides. Methods: Pesticide poisoning data collected by the Chungnam Center for Farmers' Safety and Health from 2014 to 2018 was cross-sectionally analyzed. A total of 331 patients with pesticide poisoning presented to one of hospitals and four of medical centers in the region(Dankuk University Hospital, Gongju and Hongsung, Cheongyang, Cheonan Medical Center). Seventeen of these patients (15 men and two women) developed poisoning while spraying pesticide. The patients' charts were reviewed to collect data on pesticide poisoning, namely currently working in farming-related occupation, means of transportation to the hospital, place of poisoning, symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning, treatment, pesticide used when poisoning occurred, and classification by technical ingredients. Results: Fifteen out of 17 patients who developed poisoning while spraying pesticide were men. Insecticide was used in 35.3% of the cases, and herbicide was used in 29.4% of the cases, which was different from cases of poisoning from ingestion poisoning. The major symptoms were vomiting (35.3%), nausea (29.4%), dizziness (29.4%), and headache (23.5%). A total 11 ingredients were identified in 12 patients, and the most common ingredient was glyphosate, which is an herbicide. Most patients showed a state of mild toxicity, but two patients showed a state of severe toxicity. These patients respectively used glyphosate and paraquat. Conclusions: Our findings can be useful for suggesting the need for a national healthcare system to manage occupational pesticide poisoning among farmers. Further, these findings can be used to increase the awareness of the risk of acute poisoning during pesticide spraying and suggest the need for a safety health education to increase farmers' awareness of pesticide poisoning.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

유기농업자재로 친환경농업에서 널리 사용되고 있는 골분의 적정 시비량을 추정하고자 포트시험으로 골분과 용성인비를 각각 150 및 300 mg $P_2O_5/kg$ 수준으로 처리한 토양에서 옥수수를 4-5주씩 3회 연속 재배하여 골분의 인산 비효를 용성인비와 비교하여 조사하였다. 포트당 옥수수 지상부 총 건물 중은 150 및 300 mg $P_2O_5/kg$ 처리에서 용성인비에 비해 골분 처리에서 각각 6% 및 3% 적었으며, 인산 흡수량 또한 골분 처리에서 7-9% 정도 적었다. 이러한 결과를 보면, 골분을 기존 작물별 표준시비량보다 대략 10% 정도 높여 시용하면 용성인비와 대등한 수준의 비효를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 비료용 시판 골분에는 직경 1 mm 이상의 굵은 뼈 입자가 18% 이상 함유되어 있다는 점과 이러한 골분을 연용할 경우 잔류효과가 기대되는 점을 고려하여 포장시험을 통해 작물별 적정시비량이나 시용주기 등 보다 상세한 골분 시용방법을 정해야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The urgency of feeding the world's growing population while combating soil pollution, salinization and desertification requires suitable biotechnology not only to improve crop productivity but also to improve soil health through interactions of soil nutrient and soil microorganism. Interest in the utilization of microbial fertilizer has increased. A principle of nature farming is to produce abundant and healthy crops without using chemical fertilizer and pesticides, and without interrupting the natural ecosystem. Beneficial microorganisms may provide supplemental nutrients in the soil, promote crop growth, and enhance plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms. We mixed beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus sp. Han-5 with anti-fungal activities, Trichoderma harziaum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum with organic material degrading activity, Actinomycetes bovis with antibiotic production and Pseudomonas sp. with nitrogen fixation. This study was carried out to investigate the mixtures on the soil microflora and soil chemical properties and the effect on the growth of lettuce and cucumber under greenhouse conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The microbial mixtures were used with each of organic fertilizer, swine manure and organic+swine manure and compared in regard to changes in soil chemical properties, soil microflora properties and crop growth. At 50 days after the treatment of microorganism mixtures, the pH improved from 5.8 to 6.3, and the EC, $NO_3$-Na and K decreased by 52.4%, 60.5% and 29.3%, respectively. The available $P_2O_5$ and $SiO_2$ increased by 25.9% and 21.2%, respectively. Otherwise, the population density of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. was accelerated and the growth of vegetables increased. Moreover, the population density of E. coli and Fusarium sp., decreased remarkably. The ratio of bacteria to fungi (B/F) and the ratio of Actinomycetes bovis to fungi (A/F) increased 2.3 (from 272.2 to 624.4) and 1.7 times (from 38.3 to 64), respectively. Furthermore, the growth and yield of cucumber and lettuce significantly increased by the treatment of microorganism mixtures. CONCLUSION(S): These results suggest that the treatment of microorganism mixtures improved the chemical properties and the microflora of soil and the crop growth. Therefore, it is concluded that the microorganism mixtures could be good alternative soil amendments to restore soil nutrients and soil microflora.

• 생태와환경
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• 제39권4호통권118호
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• pp.508-515
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• 2006

본 연구는 식물플랑크톤과 입자성 부유물질에 의해 수질문제를 야기하는 연못의 수질개선과 생태계의 기능 향상을 위해 2004년 7월부터 12월까지 수행되었다. 국내에서 대다수 연못의 관리는 자정작용과 물질순환의 생태학적 개념을 고려하지 않고 있었다. 다른 요인보다도 분수, 폭포 및 어류생물 사육에 의존되었고, 이러한 요인의 유무에 따라 수질 차이가 매우 큰 것으로 파악되었다. 연못 생태계 유지의 지속 가능성은 수질이 최우선으로 고려되는 기반이 제공되어야 한다. 물의 유입량과 유출량의 적절성과 함께 각 요소간 비율의 평형 조절이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 지속 가능성은 하나의 계에서 수평 또는 수직적 균형을 이룰 때 실현될 수 있기 때문에 이에 대한 연구 결과가 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구 결과에서 연못의 구조와 기능적 문제점이 도출된 데 대해 이러한 지속가능성을 유지하는데 가치 있는 유용성을 제공하게 되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2014

최근들어 세계환경의 화두는 습지와 더불어 논습지 그리고 습지의 생태계서비스 기능에 집중 조명되고 있지만, 논습지의 생태계서비스를 평가 할 수 있는 연구체계가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존의 습지평가체계를 논습지에 적용하여 습지로서 논의 가치를 평가해보는 동시에 논습지 중심의 평가체계를 구축하는 기초자료로 활용하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 대상지는 고도와 토양을 기준으로 16곳을 선정하였다. 습지평가 결과 연구대상지 16곳은 총점 110점~118점, 평균 2.17~2.50으로 선행연구 사례지인 호수형습지, 소택형습지, 하천형습지와 비교해도 습지로서 가치가 인정되었다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 고도, 토성에 따라서는 평가결과의 차이는 없었으며, 보전가치는 모두 같게 나타났다. Pearson 상관분석을 통해 보전가치에 가장 밀접하게 작용하는 요인을 찾아본 결과, 면적이 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기존의 습지평가체계로 논습지에 적용하기에는 한계가 있는 것으로 사료되어 논습지 평가를 위해서는 재배유형, 지형적 특성, 식생특성, 생육환경, 생물다양성 등의 다양한 후속 연구를 통해 습지평가체계를 보완할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2003년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.105-126
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• 2003

In Korea most of annual rainfall is concentrated in several episodic heavy rains during the season of summer monsoon and typhoon. Because of uneven rainfall distribution many dams have been constructed in order to secure water supply in dry seasons. The Han River system has the most dams among Korean rivers, and the river is a series of dams now. Reservoirs need different strategy of water quality control from river water. Autochthonous organic matter and phosphorus should be the major target to be controlled in lakes. In this Paper some problems are discussed that makes efforts of water quality improvement ineffective in lakes of Korea, even after the substantial investment to wastewater treatment facilities.1) Phosphorus is the key factor controlling eutrophication of lakes and the reduction ofphosphors should be the major target of water treatment. However, water quality management strategy in Korea is still stream-oriented, and focused on BOD removal from sewage. Phosphorus removal efficiency remains as low as 10-30%, because biological treatment is adopted for both secondary treatment and advanced treatment. The standard for TP concentration of the sewage treatment plant effluent is 6 mgP/l in most of regions, and 2 mg/l in enforced region near metropolitan water intake point. TP in the effluents of sewage treatment plants are usually 1-2 mg/1, and most of plants meet the effluent regulation without a further phosphorus removal process. The generous TP standard for effluents discourages further efforts to improve phosphorus removal efficiency of sewage treatment. Considering that TP standard for the effluent is below 0.1 mg/l in some countries, it should be amended to below 0.1 mg/l in Korea, especially in the watershed of large lakes.2) Urban runoff and combined sewer overflow are not treated, even though their total loading into lakes can be comparable to municipal sewage discharges on dry days. Chemical coagulation and rapid settling might be the solution to urban runoff in regard of intermittent operation on only rainy days.3) Aggregated precipitation in Korea that is concentrated on several episodic heavyrains per year causes a large amount of nonpoint source pollution loading into lakes. It makes the treatment of nonpoint source discharge by methods of other countries of even rain pattern, such as retention pond or artificial wetland, impractical in Korea.4) The application rate of fertilizers in Korea is ten times as high as the average ofOECD countries. The total manure discharge from animal farming is thought to be over the capacity of soil treatment in Korea. Even though large portion of manure is composted for organic fertilizer, a lot of nutrients and organic matter emanates from organic compost. The reduction of application rate and discharge rate of phosphorus from agricultural fields should be encouraged by incentives and regulations.5) There is a lot of vegetable fields with high slopes in the upstream region of the HanRiver. Soil erosion is severe due to high slopes, and fertilizer is discharged in the form of adsorbed phosphorus on clay surface. The reduction of soil erosion in the upland area should be the major preventive policy for eutrophication. Uplands of high slope must be recovered to forest, and eroded gullies should be reformed into grass-buffered natural streams which are wider and resistant to bank erosion.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.357-361
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• 2002

보리의 수확후 건조, 저장, 가공, 포장, 출하 등 유통단계별 문제점을 도출하고 해결방안을 모색하고자 찰쌀보리 집단재배 지역인 충남논산(부적)과 전남영암(군서)에서 처리실태를 조사한 결과 수확단계에서 보리의 수확기간이 16~20일로 짧아 노동력이 집중되는 것과 범용콤바인으로 수확할 경우 쓰러진 보리를 수확하기 곤란한 점 및 크라스콤바인을 임대하여 수확할 때 무리한 작업일정에 따른 2~3%의 수확손실 발생 등이 문제점으로 지적되었다. 건조단계에서는 수분함량 변이가 큰(논산：11.8~40%, 군서 : 14.0~34.6%)시료를 같은 열풍건조기 내에서 건조하는데 따른 건조효율 저하와 건조온도를 적정온도인 5$0^{\circ}C$이하보다 다소 높은 55~7$0^{\circ}C$로 조절하는데 따른 품질저하가 우려되었다. 저장 및 유통단계에서는 건조기 또는 저장빈의 추.하곡겸용에 따른 이종곡립 혼입, 그리고 보리소비의 시기가 연중 일정치 않고 특정시기(9~10월)에 편중되는 것 등이 문제점으로 지적되었다. 보리 저장기간중 지방산도는 입고시 찰쌀보리가 7.6~8.0 KOHmg/100g, 새쌀보리 4.5 KOHmg/100g이던 것이 10 개월 저장 후에는 각각 10.1~12.0 KOHmg/100g 및 7.3 KOHmg/100g까지 증가되었으며 발아율은 품종 및 저장방법별로 입고시 51.5~61.5%이던 것이 10개월저장 후에는 47.7~59%로 낮아졌고 백도와 흡수율은 저장기간의 경과에 따라 낮아져 약간의 물성 변화가 인정되었으나, 10개월 후의 식미는 대체로 양호한 편이였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2016

Purpose: This study measured and analyzed the PTO (power take off) torque of a transplanter according to the planting conditions during field operation. Methods: A torque measurement system was constructed with torque sensors to measure the torque of a PTO shaft, a measurement device to acquire sensor signals, and a power controller to provide power for a laptop computer. The field operation was conducted at four planting distances (26, 35, 43, and 80 cm) and two planting depths using the transplanter on a field with similar soil conditions. One-way ANOVA with planting distance and Duncan's multiple range test at a significance level of 0.05 were used to analyze the PTO torque. The torque ratio was calculated based on the minimum torque using the average PTO torque measured under each planting condition. Results: The average torques on the PTO shaft for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a low planting depth were 11.05, 9.07, 7.04, and 3.75 Nm, respectively; the same for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a middle planting depth were 12.20, 9.86, 7.94, and 4.32 Nm, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at a low planting depth increased by 88, 142, and 195%, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at the middle planting depth increased by 84, 128, and 182%, respectively. Conclusions: PTO torque fluctuated by planting distance and depth. Moreover, the PTO torque increased for short planting distances. Therefore, farmers should determine the planting conditions of the transplanter by considering the load and durability of the machine. The results of this study provide useful information pertaining to the optimum PTO design of the transplanter considering the field load.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the problems of reclamation sites and the prospects of farming in reclamation areas seen by local governments and the KRC branches in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeonnam provinces. A mail survey method was used. The survey items were set for 15 items regarding the reclamation site situation, problems, and prospects. Seventy-five copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the local government, and 90 copies were sent to the KRC 165 copies in total. In response to the questionnaire, 72 recipients of the local governments responded, showing a 96% response rate, and 74 (82.2%) of the KRC responded. The overall response rate was 88.5%. The opinions on the rental method of the reclaimed land were found to differ according to the geographic conditions of the reclaimed land, the construction conditions, and the time. Regarding the survey on crops preferred for cultivation, rice was highest in both local governments (61%) and KRC (46%). When cultivating field crops in reclaimed land, 56% of local governments and 57% of KRC considered salinity as the most problematic or resolvable problem. Regarding growing other field crops in reclaimed land, salt and drainage problems were recognized as the biggest obstacles in all reclaimed land. As for technologies that need to be applied first for the future agriculture of reclamation land, KRC responded with automatic water management (48%) and local governments responded with unmanned agricultural machinery (32%). In order to diversify the land use in the reclamation area, it is necessary to reduce salt damage and ensure systematic maintenance, employing, for example, automatic water management facilities and drainage improvement methods. The results of this study can set a land use direction for reclamation sites and provide useful information for use in various forms.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2014

산업화의 영향으로 발생한 토양 지하수 내 중금속 및 유류 오염정화를 위해 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 미세토양이 상대적으로 많이 포함되어 있는 오염토양 정화시 오염물질의 rebound나 tailing 현상이 발생되어 정화기간이 장기화 되어왔다. 이러한 문제점은 미세토양과 미세공극이 존재하는 미세환경과 오염물질의 각각의 특성, 존재형태, 그리고 상호간의 다양한 반응 등으로부터 기인한다고 보고되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 토양 지하수 미세환경과 오염정화 효율성과의 상관성에 대해 고찰하고 미세환경의 샘플링, 분석, 평가 기법을 소개 및 제안하며, 이를 활용한 오염정화효율 향상과 최적의 정화공법선정을 위한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 오염토양의 물리 화학 생물학적 특성 그리고 오염물질 종류 및 특성에 따른 정밀 평가를 통해 특정 정화공법 적용시 달성 가능한 정화기간과 정화수준을 예상할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서, 미세환경의 정밀 분석, 평가 기술을 바탕으로 정화 기술의 효율성과 타당성 검토가 가능할 것으로 판단되며 오염된 토양 지하수 복원을 위한 최적의 정화공법을 선정하는 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.