• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.471-476
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• 1998

The NO3 contents and organophosphorus pesticide residues in edible part of vegetables cultivated by a conventional or an organic farming methods were determined. The NO3 contents of vegetables cultivated by the organic farming method were between 120ppm and 4,523ppm, whereas its contents of vegetables cultivated by the conventional farming method were between 89ppm and 1,575ppm. Fifty two percent of vegetables cultivated by hte organic farming method accumulated NO3 content over than 2,000ppm, whereas 82% vegetables cultivated by the conventional farming method accumulated NO3 content below than 1,000ppm. The NO3 contents of lettuce dependent on the cultivation method obviously. The NO3 contents of lettuce cultivated by a hydroponic farming method were between 4,800 and 6,500ppm, whereas those cultivated by the conventional method were between 630 and 750ppm. The organophosphorus pesticide residues in edible part of vegetables cultivated by the conventional or the organic farming methods were not detected. The NO3 contents in edible part of vegetables cultivated by the organic farming method should be considered as one of several parameters to judge a real safe vegetable to be certified by goverment.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1993

The traditional farming method has very long history in the process of agricultural development. The application of chemical fertilizers production became most popular to increase quantities of agricultural production. The United States of America is one of largest countries in the world. There are at present 50 States and farming conditions are very different from each individual States. There are increasing trend of agricultural production by applying chemical fertilizers as well as sprays during last 50 years(1940-90). The disadvantages of conventional farming method were to destroy nature and human life. There were some other kinds of disadvantages such as nitriated contamination in drinking water both for human being and animals. The alternative farming method is one of new farming method reducing and/of non-application of chemical fertilizers and sprays in agricultural production. There is less economic research on alternative farming system about $5.444 economic advatages in organic farms comparing commercial farms at the same area. There are advantage of higher unit price level in orgnic products, decreasing chemical costs as well as effect of crop combinations. It is certainly necessary to have more empirical research on economic and management of alternative farming method in the United States of America. However, if there is economic advantage in alternative farming methods, the future development possibility of alternative farming method can be very bright in vear future. There might be more advantages such as soil conservation, better quality of agricultural products, better health conditions of farmer's and consumer's as well as keeping healthy environment of rural and urban areas.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2020

Background and objective: Traditional farming is winning recognition as a sustainable alternative farming method. As urban farming increases in South Korea, it is crucial to develop more sustainable farming techniques. Gyeonjongbeop is the traditional farming method introduced in the Joseon period. This study was conducted to propose a productive garden model suitable for urban farming through the interpretation of traditional farming methods contained in Imwongyeongjeji Bolliji and to test the model on an actual field. Methods: Using the design and cropping system of Gyeonjongbeop as the research materials, we reviewed its tillage and cultivation and examined the applicability. We proposed a modified method by extracting parts applicable to urban farming. According to the methods, we created a garden with ridges and furrows, cultivated proper vegetables, and evaluated their growth. Results: Raphanus sativus, Allium fistulosum L., Brassica juncea, and Spinacia oleracea grown on ridges showed higher growth than those grown on a conventional flat field. The growth of Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon and Triticum aestivum L. on furrows was also slightly higher. This proved that the method could make up for the deficiencies of barley and wheat that are weak against winds and cold and are easily destroyed by the spring rains. Conclusion: Ridge and furrow cultivation derived from Gyeonjongbeop can be an efficient urban farming system compared to the conventional cultivation in flat fields. The system can use fallow lands in winter for year-round urban farming. In addition, the application of the traditional farming system can enhance the humanistic value of urban farming.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1993

It is necessary to have farm extension service of organic farming method to the farmers. At the same time, most of people should also trust organic farmer's effort as well as quality of organic products. The adminitration should support to expand organic farming method in the future. There is very close relationship between increasing level of income and organic farming methods.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1992

The definitions of organic farming method has rather philosophical meaning than application of agricultural practices. The meaning of organic farming method has certainly basic differences in comparison with the conventional farming methods. The main definitions of organec farming method have certainly to reduce or not to apply any kinds of farm inputs materials by increasing quality of agricultural prod-ucts. However, the quality of produced food by organic farming method should be improved in compari-son with cinvethional farming method. By applying organic method, the qualith of food, envir-onment as well as spiritual attitude of human being should be improved in future. Actually, there are very wide fields of research on organic farming methods such as production tech-niques, soil and water conservation, plant and animal production, marketing and consumers behavior on organic products. In this article the present situation of organic farming methods in the United States of Americal is investigated in cimparison with conventional rice production. The production cost of rice per acre in the United States of America mde 58, 788 Won in 1986, while it was 121, 699 Won in Korea having about 107 percent higher in Korea than tham the U.S.A There is a larger rice farm cost analysis between conventional and organic rice farm in California. The cash cost pre 1 lbs of conventional rice made 4.86 $, while the organic rice was 6.96$ showing about 43.2%higher level of cost in organic products(1 lbs=0.45359kg) At present, there is less econmic advantage of organic rice production in California because of lower yields as well as price levels, Therefore, the total net return over cash cost peracer/yeat was a little lower in organic rice production than conventional rice prouction.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2017

Returning to farming and rural village is one of the most hot social issues in Korea. Therefore, the government has tried to make up a policy program, which aims to support for the urban residents to get appropriate informations and to make right decisions about returning to farming and rural village. For the sparsely populated rural communities, this phenomena are some good opportunities for their sustainable development. The government needs the resasonale prospect on returning to farming and rural village, because their policy program should be made on the basis sound data and information. But, with the current data about returning to farming in Korea, it is impossible to make an econometrical model that can forecast the population who will return to farming and rural village. So, we tried a delphi method to sketch the future returning to farming and rural village. The delphi panels gave us some prospects on the issues. They anticipated that the population of returning to farming will increase for the next five years. And, they recommended some policy directions.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-70
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• 1994

Presently the concept of organic farming has not simply technical categories such as no agricul-tural chemicals and no chemical fertilizer but can be also extended to the categories of economics, food nutrition, environmental and philosophical aspects. Accordingly, in order to understand cor-rectly organic farming, it is necessary to look into the concept including these extended aspects. So the production and consumption activities of organic farming products are largely based on the fundamental philosophy of organic farming. That is, all the life that is included in an ecosystem has to live in symbiosis, which is based on life circulation principle. And if this circultaion system is destroyed, human life may be threatended. Farmers who produce organic farming prducts(organic farmer) receive price higher than general farmers. This study shows the gap of 46.9% in two products. Also, since the price of organic farming products is fluctuated less relatively, Organic farming pruducts can be competed against imported agricultural products in terms of food safety. And organic farming should be managed by crop rotation and composite farm management upon which the principle of material circulation is worked. This composite management is devided into 2 classes, which are individually livestock-have-composite management and regional composite management. These management method means that organic materials are crucial to maintain the structure and fertility and these organic materials are easily obtained from animal as by-products.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental sound rice farming method on the productivity of rice industry which may result in impacts on the staple food securities. Recently fanners have been concerned about adopting new rice cultivation method such as organic and low input farming system in which fertilizer and pesticide can be substantially reduced so as to alleviate the burden of agro-ecosystem. However, It has been argued about whether or not there are negative impacts on the self sufficiency rate of food, income of farm household and technological adaptability. Therefore this study examined the productivity trend of environmental rice farming system and predicted the long term rice self-sufficiency rate when environmental rice farming system are adopted by assuming various scenarios. It was estimated that rice self-sufficiency rate can be decreased up to 52.2% by 2010. Based on the analysis of results, policy recommendations for environmentally sound rice farming were suggested as follows: 1) gradual adopting and transferring of environmental rice cultivation method, 2) increasing profitability of rice growing fanners 3) developing the farm level technology specific to Korean farming condition, 4) institutionalization of direct payments for encouraging environmental rice fanning.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.287-290
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• 2011

Environment friendly agricultural material products (EFAMs) in current market were evaluated for their insecticidal or acaricidal activities. EFAMs were evaluated against Tetranychus urticae, Plutella xylostella, Myzus persicae and Nilaparvata lugens in spray method. Several EFAMs indicated high control value in spray method. Hatchability of T. urticae was relatively high after EFAM treatment. some materials show high insecticidal activities against P. xylostella larvae but not against eggs. Few mete rials showed more than 80% insecticidal activities against M. persicae and N. lugen. The control value of more than half the materials for pest control was lower than 60%. EFAMs containing S. flavescens, neem oil and Rape showed higher control value.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.193-204
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• 1987

The main purpose of this study is to examine agricultural technologies through plowing and hoeing. One of the purposes on which this study is to analysis process of development and divergence of plough and hoe. The following facts are significant findings ; 1. In early Yi - dynasty, tilling implements used by ard plough and mould board plough did use in three south province, most region mainly used ard plough. Therefore, farming in early Yi - dynasty is extensive. 2. The mould board plough diffused in many fann house, spring farming and autumnfarming formed complet system in early 17th Century. But works of hoeing was continuing to save labor by long hand hoe. 3. Finally in 17th century, Small - scale independent farming ceaselessly tried to make his basis with transtortation intensive farming method. But Small - scale independent farming had not stafely base because extensive farming method continued in this peorid.