• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.233-244
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• 2009

This study analyzed the income of orange farming of Lichuan, Jiangxi Province in China. Using a questionnaire, 36 farmhouseholds of Lichuan were surveyed. The results are as follows. First, through the investigation of Lichuan orange farming farmhouseholds, we know that the direct expenses of Lichuan orange is around 2,250 RMB/10a and the direct expenses per household's are about 32,000 RMB. The average production of Lichuan orange is 1,548 kg/10a and the income is around 2,200 RMB/10a. The results showed that in Lichuan area orange farming benefit is more than rice so orange farming has been increasing. Second, the direct expense of Lichuan orange farming, 91% is material cost, 8% is labor cost, depreciation cost is only 1.4%. This result show that orange farming in Lichuan is very labor intensive. Third, there are a lots of young orange trees in Lichuan, so income would be increasing through the year.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-313
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• 2010

The objective of this paper is to apply choice experiment methods to estimate non-market value of organic farming and its policy implication. A preliminary survey shows that the attributes of organic farming are reduce environmental pollution, bio-diversity improvements, cultural diversity improvements and maintain local community, reduce green-house gas emissions, energy saving, landscape improvements and tax for organic farming improvement policy. Questionnaire was eight different choice sets presented to each respondent. Implicit values of the attributive levels of organic farming have been calculated into tax money costs per house. This paper compared the six feasible scenarios in terms of willingness to pay per year. This study is expected to contribute to government's organic farming policies and quantitative information related to practice of organic farming.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.53-80
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• 1999

Productivity and environmental conservation in nowadays trade-off and serious problem in agriculture. Precision farming is developing for solving the trade-off problem using systems approach and variable management. The systems approach is attributed to aiming at information-oriented agriculture, environmental-friendly sustainable agriculture, and complex system optimization . The variable management is composed of describing variability , variable-rate technology and decision support system. Three levels of technology development and three farming strategies are introduced for having a prospect. Describing the variability is the first step to promote it. Precision farming could be available for small scale farming as well as big scale farming. Paddy field precision farming will undergo in its distinctive way.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-68
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to clarify both the characteristics of the spatial variations and structure and the logic of spatial differentiation of the renter farming in Korea. The renter farming has transformed its spatial structure from zonal to Thunen's rings-like pattern. This study also suggests that the spatial characteristics of the renter farming has been changed from the ecological and the tenantable to the economical and commercial. Although there is no single logic full explanation the order of such spatial differentiations, the logic of industrialization or neoclassical economics seems to be most effective.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 1995

Some devices of sustaining the small scale farming in the changing social and economic conditions in which comparative disadvantages are evidently to be experienced in the near future, are becoming a central proposition in the Korean agriculture. In this connection, development of integrated activities in farming among individual farmers within a region may be an important device of overcoming prevailing limits of resource possession and use of individual farmers. These inter-farm or inter-group cooperation and integration can be promoted through establishing efficient cooperative system within a farming district. This study was undertaken to find facts pertaining to situations leading to successful performence of cooperative systems in group farming. In this study, The case in Cheunee Myun, Yungi-Gun, Chungchungnam-Do in which farming is specialized in production of so called "organic farming products" and farmers are integrated for increasing their productivity.ductivity.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.241-254
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• 2014

This case study surveyed management situations of environmentally friendly farming(EFF) producers' organization and their main activities. Farmers are aging as an average age of 55-year old and producing fruit-bearing vegetables. The EFF did not increase farmer's income, however, price and income was stabilized more than that of conventional farming because of contract farming. Farm household liabilities are caused by purchasing agricultural machinery, materials and so on. Farmers of EFF have been also cultivating conventional farming, but they don't plan much conversion intention of conventional farming into EFF owing to lack of differentiated and stable market for their EFF products. And they are guessing that EFF income will increase a little. For increasing of EFF income, they think that it is necessary to reduce production cost, produce high quality production, develop processing foods, enlarge contract farming and so on.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.321-334
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• 2013

This case study surveyed management situations of environmentally friendly farming (EFF) and their awareness situations. Farmers are aging as an average age of 62-year old. The EFF did not increase farmer's income, however, farm income of EFF was more than that of conventional farming. Farm household liabilities showed large deviation among farmers. Livestock and greenhouse farm households have more liabilities because of facilities and feed cost. Farmers of EFF have been also cultivating conventional farming, but they don't plan much conversion intention of conventional farming into EFF owing to lack of differentiated and stable market for their environment-friendly agriculture products. And they are guessing that EFF income will usually not increase more. For increasing of EFF income, they think that it is necessary to enlarge production area, change to high-income crop, develop processing foods, change to organic farming and so on.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.369-379
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• 2014

To investigate the technology trends in organic farming using patent analysis, total 1,026 patents in organic farming in Australia, EU, Japan, Korea and USA between 1974 and 2014 were analyzed. The number of the patents applied in organic farming was largest in Korea, followed by Japan and the USA. Since 2000, the patent application in Korea and USA increased drastically, while in Japan the patents in organic farming were applied steadily in the late 1980s. The applied patents in organic farming were mainly dominated in the field of organic production technology (AA) especially in Korea, while those in environmental assessment were merely applied. Most patent appliers were biased to private applier (80%) than national institutes including university. With this study, it is highly recommended that national interests and R&D on the organic farming fields are needed to meet the food safety.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 1999

In order to get some basic data to check the environmental sound function against soil and water pollution and the safe vegetable production by korean organic farming where an internationally recognized basic concepts of soil fertility management for organic farming is not practiced and only applying the organic fertilizer to maintain the soil fertility, the chemical characteristics of soils and $NO_{3}^{-}$ content of chinese cabbage and lettuce cultivated by the conventional farming, greenhouse cultivation and organic farming were investigated. The highest value of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N in 0~30cm subsoil among the three different farming systems was found in the subsoil of organic farming and it was 3.6 and 6.6 times higher than those of conventional farming in chinese cabbage and lettuce respectively. $P_2O_5$ accumulation in the rhizosphere by organic farming also showed the highest value. The accumulation of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N and $P_2O_5$ in organic farming soil were similar or even more higher to those of greenhouse cultivation. The $NO_{3}^{-}$ accumulation in the vegetable by organic farming reached 3224ppm for chinese cabbage and 2543ppm for lettuce, and it were 4.7 and 6.4 times higher than those by conventional farming. It was concluded that there is urgently necessary to introduce the main concepts of soil fertility management of the Basic Standard of IFOAM, EU regulation and FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius on organic agriculture(draft) into korean organic agriculture for the operation of environmental sound system and the production of sate vegetable in terms of $NO_{3}^{-}$ content.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.317-334
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• 2019

The present study was conducted to investigate the differences in managed farming practices, including low-intensive farming, duck farming, and golden apple snail farming, in a rice ecosystem by comparing terrestrial arthropod communities. A total of 75 species from 70 genera belonging to 43 families in 11 orders were identified from 9,622 collected arthropods. Araneae, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera were the richest taxa. Collembola was the most abundant, followed by Diptera, Hemiptera, and Araneae. Bray-Curtis similarity among the farming practices was very high (76.7%). The biodiversity of each farming practice showed a similar seasonality pattern. The richest species group was the predators, followed by the herbivores. The species richness and diversity of ecologically functional groups among the farming practices were not statistically significant, except for the abundance of predators in golden apple snail farming. The biodiversity seasonality of ecological functional groups in each farming practice showed similar patterns. The biomass of Araneae, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera was greater than the other taxa, in general. The biomass of each ecological functional group showed little difference and the biomass fluctuation patterns in each farming practice were almost the same. Collectively, the community structures and biodiversity of terrestrial arthropods among the farming practices in the present study were not different. The present study may contribute to sustain rich biodiversity in irrigated rice fields and to advanced studies of food webs or energy flow structures in rice fields for ecological and sustainable agriculture.