• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1993

Spirulina platensis NIES 39 was grown in effluents from a wastewater treatment plant utilizing activated sludge process at a pig farm to reduce pollutants and to produce feed resources. The addition of 2 g/l NaCl was required for the growth of S. platensis in the effluents with about 100 mg/l ammonia nitrogen concentration. The growth was stimulated by the addition of 2 g/l sodium bicarbonate and 4 mg/l ferrous sulfate. The microorganism grew well at pH 8~11, and the optimum pH for the growth was 10. The algal concentration of 1.1 g/l was attained after 8 days of growth at the optimum condition with the removal of 95% ammonia nitrogen and 34% phosphorus.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1002-1016
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop appropriate temperature management practices and provide scientific evidence to support the development of sell-by-date guidance for eggs. Washed and unwashed eggs were subjected to storage under six different scenarios, and both types of eggs were stored at temperatures up to 35℃ to evaluate the sell-by-date. Despite temperature fluctuations or continuous storage at 30℃ for 5 days, subsequent storage at 10℃ resulted in significantly higher Haugh unit and yolk index on day 15. These results indicate that refrigerating eggs from retail sales until consumption is effective for egg quality management, despite the exposure of up to 35℃ during distribution. In terms of sell-by-date evaluation, washed eggs retained class B quality for an additional 37 days beyond the recommended sell-by-date at 15℃, which is above the regulated storage temperature. However, unwashed eggs maintained class B quality for approximately 20 days at 30℃-35℃, emphasizing the need for sell-by-date guidelines for unwashed eggs. This study is the first to provide appropriate egg-handling practices based on the actual distribution environment in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

In view of increasing environmental pollution, the organic farming in animal production is becoming increasingly urgent. The problems of veterinary medicine have not diminished through the most dangerous epidemic diseases. Organic farming attempts to function in harmony with the environment. The first criterion of the organic farm is that the animal must be self-sustaining. Their food must be produced to a large extent on the farm. The position of ruminants in biological systems is determined by the fact that this group of farm animals is provided with a digestive system which optimizes the utilization of the products of gut microfloral fermentation. The cattle do not require large amounts of concentrate feeling nor gross ugly farm building for intensive rearing. The economic profitability of a cow depends. on the first instance, on the level of milk production and the number of lactations. The length of life is an important factor since the tilde to maturing is relatively high in a cow. The result is that dairy cows in organic farming have greater length of live, and produce more milk in their life time than the shorter lived high input cow. This paper. therefore, discussed the problems of modern cattle farming and development trends of organic farming in Germany and Korea.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.699-727
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• 2012

Conditions of farm crop switching are affected by several important external factors such as agricultural products import opening, policy support, and climate change. Farming environment is always changing; barriers to imports are becoming lower and lower because of FTA and others, and climate change affects a boundary line of cultivation. Those situations give farmers motivation to change crops in order to cope with them. In addition, crop switching has been done in response to the local government measures about purchase of local agricultural products according to the local food and the expansion of organic agricultural products in school meal. Even though the favorable environment toward crop switching has been created, there are not many researches or outcomes regarding crop switching. Only few studies focus on the list of decision-making in crop switching, and locally suitable crop selection is not treated. In order to utilize crop switching as a farm management strategy, the proper frame should be studied and practical researches on application possibility also need. Therefore, study on crop switching is in a timely, proactive manner because farms catch the chance of expansion of school meal by changing crops. This paper applies HERO model used for venture foundation process to crop switching process. Success factors of HERO model are comprised of Habitate, Entrepreneurship, Resource, and Opportunity, and these phased application factors are applied to crop switching process. By doing so, each phase success factor of crop switching can be uncovered. Three farm organizations supplying organic agricultural products to schools are studied in Gyeonggi province. As a result, the stabilization stage cannot be achieved because of the habitate conditions and social conditions with low risk bearing of crop switching and current school meal systems are the main problems to block the diversification of risks. In order to succeed in crop switching, constructing the habitate in local districts or in systems of school meal is more effective than supporting each farm.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.371-381
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• 1983

This study is aimed at identifying the economic effects of drainage improvement projects. The total area of poor drainage is equivalent to 170,000ha, 13% of the total area of paddy field in Korea. The development of poor drained paddy is an urgent problem considering the low rate of self-sufficiency of food grain and the limitation of farmer's income increase. Rapid development of Korean economy has brought labor shoriage in rural farming sector. Accordingly farm mechanization is an important agricultural policy to hike labor productivity and to save production costs of rice farming. The expected economic benefits of the drainage improvement project are derived from increasing land productivity, expanding double cropped area and farming the farm mechanization base in paddy fields. The economic and financial rate of return of the project are considered very important decision making criteria for project implementation by resource allocation. Therefore this study covered benefit and cost analysis of the sampled area, the estimated financial rate of returns in $Buy{\check{o}}$ and Jinsung are represented 15% and 51% respectively and the economic rate of returns in both project area are also showing 1% and 26% respectively. The rate of return of the projects has showed an outstanding variance according to the locational and natural characteristics of the project area. As showing the above economic rate of return, $Buy{\check{o}}$ is very low Jinsung is very high. But the financial rate of return of both projects are considered comparatively high. Cosequently, the drainage improvement projects should be promoted from the view point of farm income increase to make narrow the income gap between rural and urban incomes and farm mechanization to solve labor shortage in the rural area.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 2024

Purpose: Smart farming is related to the low carbon certification system as it provides many opportunities to cultivate and manage crops in an eco-friendly, thereby reducing carbon footprint. However, there is a significant lack of consumer perception research on low carbon labels for smart farms vegetables. Therefore, this study aims to investigate consumer perceptions of smart farm vegetable and low carbon labels. Methods: This study manipulated cultivation type(general vs. smart farm) and low carbon labels (yes vs. no) as experimental stimuli. Measurement questions and the research model were validated through confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Hypotheses testing were conducted using SPSS 29.0, AMOS 28.0. Results: The results of the study showed no significant difference in consumers perceived naturalness based on cultivation types, and there was also no moderating effect of the low carbon label. There was no difference between environmental benefits and health benefits according to the cultivation type. Perceived naturalness had a significant effect on both environmental and health benefits, and environmental benefits showed a higher impact relationship. These benefits positively affected attitudes and willingness to pay a premium, Environmental benefits had a higher impact on attitudes, while health benefits had a higher impact on willingness to pay a premium. Lastly, attitudes were found to have a significant impact on the willingness to pay a premium. Conclusion: This study is valuable in that it investigated consumer perceptions of smart farms and low carbon labels that have not been previously studied. It compares the environmental and health benefits, confirming their influence on attitudes and willingness to pay a premium. The results suggest a potential expansion in academic research on smart farming and low carbon labels, offering practical insights for marketing strategies and policies for relevant companies.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2013

Food hygiene practices must be maintained from farm to table in order to prevent contamination by microorganisms. This study was conducted to investigate consumer hygiene practices related to the refrigerator storage of meat, including a microbial analysis, monitoring of refrigerator temperatures and consumer surveys of female homeowners in the capital area of Korea. Home refrigerator temperatures were maintained above $5^{\circ}C$ in 26 (19.7%) of the 132 houses investigated. The percentage of the refrigerators with a total microbial count over $10^2\;CFU/100\;cm^2$ was 14.4%. No E. coli, Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes microbes were detected. However, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 14 houses (10.6%). The only statistically significant difference in hygiene practices between the non-contamination group and contamination group was in the last time of refrigerator cleaning (p<0.01), as determined by the consumer survey. To improve food hygiene when using a refrigerator, raw materials must be packaged, meat should be stored only on a designated shelf, and cooked foods must be contained to prevent cross-contamination. The refrigerator should be cleaned regularly, at least once a month, and refrigerator thermometers should be monitored below $5^{\circ}C$ in order to keep food safe.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were to develop a small scale post-harvest facility, and consequently to evaluate the effects of applying the facility along with hygiene education on the level of microbial safety in Korean leeks production. A total of 135 samples were collected at three Korean leeks farms in Yangju, Gyeonggi province. Food safety indicators (Aerobic plate count (APC), coliform count, and Escherichia coli) and foodborne pathogens (E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus) on/in the samples were assessed. The microbial load measured as APC with harvesting tools such as comb, chopping board, and knife, at the farms where the small scale post-harvest facility had been operated (Farms A and B) was lower than that at another farm having no post-harvest facility (Farm C) by 1.44~2.33 log CFU / $100cm^2$. Moreover, the chopping board from Farm C was observed being contaminated with B. cereus at 6.03 log CFU / $100cm^2$. The coliform counts from the samples increased by 0.57~1.89 log CFU/g after leeks was submerged in ground water for washing. E. coli was recovered from leeks, soil, and the ground water used in the washing process, while no E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes was detected. Our results indicated that the small scale post-harvest facility developed in this study as well as the hygiene education played an important role in enhancing the level of microbial food safety in the leeks production environment. However, a disinfection technique could be needed during the washing step in order to prevent a potential contamination.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2018

Development, availability and users' participation in the information service of agricultural food sector is slower than that of other sectors in Korea. This phenomenon comes from the lack of development strategies and comparative analyses with other sectors, as well as the agricultural food industry's own characteristics which is developed based on the offline market. In this research, we will discuss about how to improve the public information service of agricultural food sector based on the example of establishing service improvement strategy by the most representative Okdab. In this research, we have drawn the following implications for development strategy of Okdab service based on three core keywords derived from benchmarking KOSIS. Three core subjects for upgrading public information service are 'analysis information with expertise and differentiation,' 'user cooperation-oriented platform,' and 'intuitive nd effective UX,' and to strength B.I. as an integrated information service of agricultural food sector, we need to identify the users' satisfaction and needs for the existing service, establish an optimized operating strategy on a short-term, mid-term and long term bases, and implement them in a positive way. Based on this positive action, it can become a trustworthy information service for the users, and we can expect the improvement of the users' recognition for its consistent usability and efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 1974

The growth of sea weeds is greatly affected by the environmental conditions of ambient water. Especially nutrient salts in sea water function as a major factor to the growth of lavers, so that the content of inorganic substances in lavers could he a criterion for quality evaluation of lavers. In this experiment, the relation between the quality and the content of Zinc and Magnesium which are not only physiologically active and closely related with pigments such as chlorophll and phycobilins but also important in quantify is discussed if such a measurement to be an index for quality evaluation. Sixteen samples of layers were collected from three different culture farms, 7 from Jangrim-Busan, 6 from Wando-Jeon Nam, 3 from Hadong-Gyeong Nam, and classified into 3 quality grades to each farm and to whole samples by organoleptic test. Zinc and Magnesium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For pigment analysis, chlorphyll was extracted with 85 percent acetone, filtered and the absorbance was measured at 660 nm and the residue was further extracted with phosphoric buffer solution to determine the optical density for phycobilins at 560 nm. The result showed that the total content of Zinc and Magnesium varied between the farms, but kept consistent with quality grades from the same farm. The Zinc content was correlated proportion- ally with the content of phycobilins, and Magnesium content in total ash could roughly represent the content of chlorophll except some examples in which the Magnesium content of chlorophyll-ext ractresiduewasexceptionallyhigher. In conclusion the contents of these metals provide an applicable index for quality judgment of lavers.