• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.44-48
• /
• 1999

The ionization of tyrosine residue is known to be involved in the stabilization of transition-state in catalysis of astacin based upon the astacin-transition state analog structure. Two tyrosine residues, Tyr-216 and Tyr-219, are conserved in all MMPs related with astacin family, We replaced Tyr-216 and Tyr-219 into phenylalanine, respectively and the zinc binding properties, kinetic parameters, and pH dependence of each mutant are determined in order to examine the role of tyrosine residue in matrilysin catalysis. Both mutants contain two zinc atoms per mol of enzyme, indicating that either tyrosime does not affect the zinc binding property of the enzyme. Y216F and Y219F mutants are highly active and the kcat/Km values are only decreased 1.1-1.5-fold compared to the wild-type enzyme. The decrease in the activity of the mutants is essentially due to the increase in Km value. The pH dependencies of the kcat/Km values for both mutants are similar to the corresponding dependencies obtained with the wild type enzyme. The pKa values at the alkaline side of both mutants are not changed. These kinetic and pH dependence results indicate that the ionization of active site tyrosine residue of matrilysin is not reflected in the kinetics of peptide hydrolysin as catalyzed by astacin.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 1976

This study was a part of large scale of a prospective study on attitudes of professional students in medicine, nursing and teaching toward population related issues in Korea. The study was first conducted in May 1974 and then in May 1975 for the 1974 class cohot using a questionaire consisted of attitude scales and other items developed by Lee. The purpose of stuay was twohold, namely, to determine the difference in students among specializations on one hand and between the first and second years in the 1974 class cohot regarding tile subject matter. A one-way analysis of variance was used for attitude scale, and absolute and relative frequency were computed for the analysis of non-attitude scale items by employing Fishers' Ratio and Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level and chi square test at 5% level as significance tests. The hypothesis 'students in health profession are more likely to have positive attitudes toward population related issues progressively as class year advances than students in teaching profession' was tested and the following results were obtained: 1) Nursing students were more likely to display favarable attitudes toward family planning than medical or teaching students although the class cohot showed slightly negative improvement in the second year. Medical and teaching students apperaed to have slightly improved attitudes in the second year. 2) Respondents in general perceived national family planning program as a means of population control and this tendency was more true among nursing students as the class year advances than two other professional groups of students. Students in teaching profession appeared to perceive it more as a means to improve individual family welfare while health students were likely to see as to improve maternal and child health. This tendency was progressively improved as the class year advanced. 3) The majority of students regardless of their respective specializations believed that family planning program should be directed toward the improvement of individual family welfare. No progressive changes in the class cohot were observed. 4) About the plan to use contraceptives in future, no singnificant differences were observes among different specializations nor in different class years. However, the majority was confirmed to have a plan to use contracepives in future. An increasing proportion of the undecided category was observed, as class year advanced among health students. 5) Students in health profession were found to be more favorable about 'more leisure opportunities' as motive for limiting number of children whereas education students indicated the reasons as 'facilitate ambitions' and 'economic base' The progressive changes toward positive direction in both groups were observed as the class years advanced. 6) Attitudes toward induced abortions of the health students were observed to be positively related to class years while an inverse relationship was found in teaching students who showed much less favor in the subject matter than health students. This phenomenon may be due to the different exposure to learning environments unique to respective specializations. 7) Health students were found to have more favorable attitudes toward population education in general than the teaching students. The teaching students appeared to have changed more to the negative direction when they became the second year while no such development was observed in health students. The teaching students seemed to hold a very conservative position with regard to sex education in schools. 8) About the equality of sexes, the nursing group was found to be most favorable while the reverse was true in the teaching group. A change in the negative direction as the class year advanced was found in the teaching group. 9) About questions related to fertility values-the 10 percent of respondents regardless of specialization indicated that they would maintain their single status in future, however no change was observed in the second year. The desired number of children was found to be two by the majority of students in nursing, medicine and teaching in order of high proportion. No changes in a different class year were observed. The childless marriage was seen by nursing students as a problem more than other students, but a slight change in positive direction was found when the nursing students became the second year. In summing, as data supported in the above, students in health profession demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward population related issues than the teaching students and this tendency became more apparent in the second year. It was noticed that health students were more conscious about the health aspect of population and family planning program while the teaching students gave more attention to the socioeconomic aspect. The sex variable seemed to have operated in the item related to the equality of sexes. In conclusion, as data presented in the above, the hypothesis of this study was accepted except in the few items. It should be noted that the limitation of this study is the short duration of the observation in measuring the possible attitude changes. It should include curriculum analysis for the respective specializations in order to indentify the area of curriculum impact on students in future study.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find out the changes on the metropolitan condominium apartment unit plans based on the interior spaces related to women such An-bang (master bedroom), bathroom and attached spaces to the master bedroom, living room, diningroom, kitchen, utility room, and balcony. This study used the content analysis method and space syntax. Contents were limited to the floor plans with 3 rooms type and about 105 m2 in the Korean apartment encyclopedia. The unit plans of 2,278, built from October 1975 to January 2008, were analyzed and basically SPSS package 16.0 was employed. The results were as followed. 1) Living room was a core space and an increasing tendency. After 2001, the design trend of living room connected with kitchen and dining room, and dining room changed into one space combining with women's working space such kitchen. It meaned women's working activities became into family public activities as to depending open access. 2) Kitchen had a characteristics that was connected to utility room or back balcony, and the number of extra kitchen increased. Also, the size of DK decreased, but utility size little increased. It was showed the characteristic of this space was still for women. 3) An-bang had a little strong characteristics of married coulpe or women's personal space with bathroom or dress room/powder room. 4) In addition, the values of integration and control of living room and DK were highest. It meant these space were centered in unit plans. Next, the An-bang and dress room/powder room were high. Utility room or balcony's were next, and these were women's working space. Therefore, family's public space was most important, and married couple or women's personal and working space were later in planning.

• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 전복의 성장형질에 대한 가계변이를 비교분석하기 위한 목적으로 2011년에 생산된 선발 3세대 북방전복 5,334마리에 대한 18개월령 성장형질인 각장, 각폭 및 중량의 전체 계측자료를 이용하여 유전모수와 육종가를 추정하였으며, 그 중 개체수가 많은 상위 10가계의 865마리 대한 가계변이를 조사하였다. 가계효과를 추정하기 위해 개체모형에 근거한 선형모형을 이용하였고, 유전모수 및 육종가는 생산시기를 고정 효과로 처리하고, EM-REML algorithm을 전산 프로그램화한 REMLF90을 이용하여 최적선형불편예측법에 의해 추정하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 18개월령 북방전복의 표현형에 있어 각장, 각폭 및 중량의 전체평균은 각각 54.5 mm, 36.8 mm 및 21.3 g로 나타났고, 중량의 변이계수가 51.0%로 나타나 각장의 21.1% 및 각폭의 20.7% 보다 자료의 변동성이 크게 나타났다. 개체수가 많은 상위 10가계를 대상으로 각장과 중량의 관계를 산점도로 표시한 결과 상관관계식이 TW = $0.0002SL^{2.8796}$ ($R^2$ = 0.9864) 과 같이 지수곡선식으로 추정되었다. 가계효과에 있어서는 각 가계별로 유의적인 차이를 보였으며 (p < 0.05), 각장, 각폭 및 중량의 유전력은 각각 0.370, 0.382 및 0.367로 중도의 유전력을 보여 개체선발 보다는 가계선발이 유리할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 각 형질 간 상관계수는 매우 높은 정의 상관관계를 보여 한 형질만의 개량으로 다른 형질의 개량효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 추정된 각장 및 중량의 육종가를 토대로 개체수가 많은 상위 10가계에 대한 각 개체별 분포와 순위를 조사하기 위해 표준화육종가로 변환하여 이용하였으며, 각장을 기준으로 상위 5.4%의 개체 수는 152마리, 하위 5.4%의 개체 수는 8마리로 조사되었고, 중량의 경우 상위 5.4%의 개체 수는 164마리, 하위 5.4%의 개체 수는 1마리로 조사되었다. 이와 같이 가계간의 표현형 및 유전적인 다양한 변이를 확인 할 수 있었고, 다음 세대 생산을 위한 모집단의 유전모수와 육종가를 추정하여 선발과 교배에 적절히 이용한다면 보다 나은 육종효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2015

This study investigated how variables of internalizing and externalizing problematic behaviors change according to gender and as time passes by and how the variables influence adolescent problematic behaviors. The variables selected for the analysis are personal variables, parent variables, peer and school variables, and community variables. longitudinal data collected for 4 years from the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS) were utilized for the analysis. Data were collected initially from 2,707 fifth grade elementary students in 2005 and they were traced until 2008. The final respondents were 2,448 students. The findings are as follows. Frist, the statistical significance was found in changes of problematic behavioral variables in terms of the gender difference. Second, variables, such as self-esteem and self-control are negatively correlated to the problematic behaviors and stress level is strongly positively correlated to the behaviors. Third, the study pressure and peer attachment level are correlated to the initial value of internalizing problematic behaviors. In conclusion, given that more statistical significances were found at initial values than the change rates among variables, early intervention is important in addressing adolescent problematic behaviors.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.65-85
• /
• 2006

The purposes of this study are to classify housewives based on their perception of benefits sought of preschool child education commodity and to identify the characteristics of each type. For empirical analysis, the data for this study were collected from 400 full-time housewives with preschool child living in Seoul. The statistical methods adopted fur data analysis are cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and discriminant analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows : First, four housewives' types can be categorized by the level of those 3 dimensions. The name fur the types was given as 'sticking to one's belief type', 'taking importance to early stimulation type' 'conforming to and imitating others type', and 'believing blindly in education commodity type'. Second, the result of discriminant analysis shows that 'housewives' education level and their education-related values' element was the most crucial in classifying the housewives, and 'considering child's characteristics and educational home environment' element was the next. The results of this study suggest several implications fur the education of parents with preschool child. Parents' education programs differentiated by the objects and the problems should be developed : which are suitable for each housewives' type.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.229-237
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This paper aims to clarify the concept of well-dying in the sociocultural context of Korea. Methods: Walker and Avant's method was chosen for the concept analysis. Through a literature review of 36 papers, the attributes and definition of well-dying were derived. Results: The literature revealed that in Korean society, well-dying is defined as the process of actively preparing for death throughout life. The attributes of the concept are a reflection on death, death acceptance, searching for meaning, transcendence, advance decision-making, and sharing values with family. The motivation for thinking about death, the hope of dying with dignity, and the Korean cultural view of death precede the concept, followed by dying with dignity, personal and family happiness, and improved quality of life and death. Conclusion: This study may lead to the unification of concept use based on mutual understanding, thus enabling effective communication in research, education, and clinical settings. This can be the rationale for the development of tools and educational programs as well as establishing policies related to well-dying in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.2841-2846
• /
• 2016

Background: Tobacco use is the single most important preventable risk factor for cancer. Surveillance of tobacco-related cancers (TRC) is critical for monitoring trends and evaluating tobacco control programmes. We analysed the trends of TRC and evaluated the population-based cancer registry (PBCR) in Delhi for simplicity, comparability, validity, timeliness and representativeness. Materials and Methods: We interviewed key informants, observed registry processes and analysed the PBCR dataset for the period 1988-2009 using the 2009 TRC definition of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We calculated the percentages of morphologically verified cancers, death certificate-only (DCO) cases, missing values of key variables and the time between cancer diagnosis and registration or publication for the year 2009. Results: The number of new cancer cases increased from 5,854 to 15,244 (160%) during 1988-2009. TRC constituted 58% of all cancers among men and 47% among women in 2009. The age-adjusted incidence rates of TRC per 100,000 population increased from 64.2 to 97.3 among men, and from 66.2 to 69.2 among women during 1988-2009. Data on all cancer cases presenting at all major government and private health facilities are actively collected by the PBCR staff using standard paper-based forms. Data abstraction and coding is conducted manually following ICD-10 classifications. Eighty per cent of cases were morphologically verified and 1% were identified by death certificate only. Less than 1% of key variables had missing values. The median time to registration and publishing was 13 and 32 months, respectively. Conclusions: The burden of TRC in Delhi is high and increasing. The Delhi PBCR is well organized and generates high-quality, representative data. However, data could be published earlier if paper-based data are replaced by electronic data abstraction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권7호
• /
• pp.855-861
• /
• 2022

A white-pigmented, non-motile, gram-negative, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated CYS-02^T, was isolated from soil sampled at Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Cells were strictly aerobic, grew optimally at 20-28℃ and hydrolyzed Tween 40. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CYS-02^T formed a lineage within the family Comamonadaceae and clustered as members of the genus Variovorax. The closest members were Variovorax guangxiensis DSM 27352^T (98.6% sequence similarity), Variovorax paradoxus NBRC 15149^T (98.5%), and Variovorax gossypii JM-310^T (98.3%). The principal respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the major polar lipids contain phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylethanolamine (PG), and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C_16:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c). The DNA GC content was 67.7 mol%. The ANI and dDDH values between strain CYS-02T and the closest members in the genus Variovorax were ≤ 79.0 and 22.4%, respectively, and the AAI and POCP values between CYS-02^T and the other related species in the family Comamonadaceae were > 70% and > 50%, respectively. The genome of strain CYS-02^T showed a putative terpene biosynthetic cluster responsible for antioxidant activity which was supported by DPPH radical scavenging activity test. Based on genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain CYS-02^T was classified into a novel species in the genus Variovorax, for which the name Variovorax terrae sp. nov., has been proposed. The type strain is CYS-02^T (= KACC 22656^T = NBRC 00115645^T).

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.271-295
• /
• 2012

이 연구는 한국전래동화에 의한 독서치료적 상황을 살펴보기 위하여 미국과 한국에 현존하는 이중언어(한국-영어)로 된 27편의 한국전래동화 내용을 분석하여 5가지 상황적 요소로 나누었다. 생물학적(성별/연령), 공간적(가정, 또래, 사회), 관계적(수평, 수직, 단독, 기타)요소들과, 사건해결방식(자력, 조력, 자연, 미해결)과 8개 주제별로 분석하였다. 얻은 결과는 (1) 한국전래동화 내용에는 생물학적 요소에서 남자 주인공이 많으며, 연령별로는 어른이 가장 많이 등장하였고, (2) 공간적 요소로는 사회에서 일어나는 사건이 많았으며, (3) 수직적 관계 요소에서 갈등을 많이 보였고, (4) 문제해결 요소에서는 외부의 조력에 의해 문제가 해결되는 경우가 많았으며, (5) 주제 요소에서는 신념과 가족구성을 다룬 것이 많았는데, 신념 중에는 욕심과 지혜 등의 주제를 많이 다루고 있었고, 가족구성 중에는 효성과 계모에 대해 많이 다루고 있었다. 이런 것들은 한국문화의 원형적인 가치들이며 다문화 가족과 한국문화를 이해하는데 중요한 독서치료적 가치가 될 것이다.