• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 2016

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) represent a high-performance family of hybrid materials which consist of thin metal sheets bonded together with alternating unidirectional fiber layers. In this study, the buckling behavior of a FML circular cylindrical shell under axial compression is investigated via both analytical and finite element approaches. The governing equations are derived based on the first-order shear deformation theory and solved by the Navier solution method. Also, the buckling load of a FML cylindrical shell is calculated using linear eigenvalue analysis in commercial finite element software, ABAQUS. Due to lack of experimental and analytical data for buckling behavior of FML cylindrical shells in the literature, the proposed model is simplified to the full-composite and full-metal cylindrical shells and buckling loads are compared with the available results. Afterwards, the effects of FML parameters such as metal volume fraction (MVF), composite fiber orientation, stacking sequence of layers and geometric parameters are studied on the buckling loads. Results show that the FML layup has the significant effect on the buckling loads of FML cylindrical shells in comparison to the full-composite and full-metal shells. Results of this paper hopefully provide a useful guideline for engineers to design an efficient and economical structure.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

We conducted a multi-stage optimization to secure the desired performance of a centrifugal fan for home appliance in an early stage of product development. In optimization, the static pressure at the outlet of the fan is chosen as an objective function that is to be maximized, providing the required flow rate at the operating point of the fan. The optimization procedure begins with parameters for an initial baseline fan design. The baseline design is optimized by using a commercial optimization package. Accordingly, the corresponding blade models with a set of geometrical parameters are generated. Flow through a fan is simulated by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A multi-stage optimization scheme is employed to determine the family of optimum values for the parameters, leading to the pressure increase at the outlet of the fan. To validate the numerically obtained optimal design parameters, we fabricated the three types of fans using rapid prototyping and assessed the performance using a fan tester. Experimental results show that the design parameters at each stage satisfy the goal of optimization. The multi-stage optimization process turned out to be a useful tool in the development of a centrifugal fan.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.291-303
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• 2020

This various factors that affect beef consumption behavior between different types of beef such as Hanwoo, Australian, American, and domestic Yukwoo. Previous studies usually used almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model to show the degree of substitution between meats especially domestic and foreign beef. This a real expenditure each individual and to explain what factors affect consumers especially focusing on various beef. Hence, previous studies used shares and prices as key variableshowever, this study use various socio-demographic variables, consumption tendency, satisfaction and importance for beef consumption, purchasing usage and part, etc. This study a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model to enhance efficiency of estimates because error terms of four beef consumption equations are correlated. For, an on-line survey was performed Aug. 5 - 14, and we obtained 979 effective samples. The results show that high income group (more than 700 mil. won per month) purchases more beef than other groups. The origin of orders is Hanwoo, Yukwoo, Australian beef, and American beef. A family who member purchases more Yukwoo than other groups. foreign affects beef consumption regardless of its origin. Individuals who think origin and taste prefer Hanwoo. However, individuals who think price prefer Australian beef.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2004

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing system, which belonged to a family of thin film refractometry-based sensors, was fabricated to measure the alcohol contents in alcoholic beverages. In this study, a SPR owe was obtained by a photodiode array with 128 pixels and transformed into a refractive index which was calculated by means of the first moment of values below a baseline of 0.85. When the sensing system was applied to Soju, Cheonju, Igwaduju and Tacju highly linear relationships between the refractive index by SPR and the contents of alcohol were obtained. That is, the coefficients of determination in their linear models were 0.992, 0.933, 0.918 and 0.954, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of sample preparations on the accuracy of measurement was analyzed. As for Soju and Tacju, the best calibration equations were obtained when no sample preparation was applied. The best calibration models for measurement of Cheonju and Igwaduju were obtained through the samples filtered by $C_{18}$ disks.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 기록값 통계량을 이용한 무한 고장 NHPP 모형들이 제안되었다. 이 모형들은 결함당 고장 발생률이 단조 증가하거나 단조 감소하는 패턴을 가진다. 그리고 수명 분포에서는 어랑 분포, 랄리 분포와 굼벨를 이용한 소프트웨어 신뢰성 모형을 적용하여 비교연구에 초점을 두었다. 고장 간격 시간 자료를 이용한 무한 고장 NHPP 모형들에 대한 모수 추정법은 최우 추정법을 사용하였고 적용 분포들의 적용을 용이하게 하기 위하여 특수한 형태를 제시하였다. 고장 자료의 분석을 위하여 산술 및 라플라스 추세 검정과 적합도 및 치우침 검정을 실시하여 그 결과를 나열하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.725-739
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• 2007

In recent years there are many plate bending elements that emerged for solving both thin and thick plates. The main features of these elements are that they are based on mix formulation interpolation with discrete collocation constraints. These elements passed the patch test for mix formulation and performed well for linear analysis of thin and thick plates. In this paper a member of this family of elements, namely, the Discrete Reissner-Mindlin (DRM) is further extended and developed to analyze both thin and thick plates with geometric nonlinearity. The Von K$\acute{a}$rm$\acute{a}$n's large displacement plate theory based on Lagrangian coordinate system is used. The Hu-Washizu variational principle is employed to formulate the stiffness matrix of the geometrically Nonlinear Discrete Reissner-Mindlin (NDRM). An iterative-incremental procedure is implemented to solve the nonlinear equations. The element is then tested for plates with simply supported and clamped edges under uniformly distributed transverse loads. The results obtained using the geometrically NDRM element is then compared with the results of available analytical solutions. It has been observed that the NDRM results agreed well with the analytical solutions results. Therefore, it is concluded that the NDRM element is both reliable and efficient in analyzing thin and thick plates with geometric non-linearity.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 수치적 방법을 이용하여 타원형 익형의 공력특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 타원형 익형의 경우 현재까지 널리 사용되어진 NACA 계열 익형들에 비하여 작은 앞전 곡률반경을 가진다. 또한 NACA 계열 익형들과는 달리 앞전과 같은 곡률반경을 가지는 뒷전 형상을 가지며, 익형의 최대 두께가 시위의 1/2지점에 존재한다. 타원형 익형의 경우 이러한 형상적인 특징들에 의하여 NACA 계열 익형들과는 다른 공력특성을 나타내는데, 본 연구에서는 같은 최대 두께를 가지는 NACA 계열 익형과 타원형 익형의 다양한 유동조건에서의 공력특성에 대한 수치해석 결과의 비교를 통하여 타원형 익형의 공력특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 또한 타원형 익형의 두께변화에 따른 공력특성의 변화 역시 함께 고려하였다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

This study examined changes in dietary life and dietary life satisfaction in one-person households during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a sample of 916 one-person households from the Food Consumption Behavior Survey, we applied ANOVA and a system of equations model for our analysis which produced four main results. Firstly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, eating homemade and delivered meals increased, whereas eating restaurant, group, and HMR meals decreased. Eating breakfast and regular eating habits also increased during the pandemic. Secondly, approximately 30% of the sample reported increased expenditure on fresh food and HMR meals. The proportion of positive changes in dietary life was also greater than negative changes, and dietary life satisfaction was about three times higher than it had been before the pandemic. Thirdly, having breakfast and regular eating fully mediated the relationship between spending on fresh food and dietary life satisfaction, as well as the relationship between HMR purchases and dietary life satisfaction. Changes in expenditure on fresh food and HMR meals positively affected dietary life satisfaction through eating breakfast and regular eating. Fourthly, increased consumption of delivered food had a positive direct effect on dietary life satisfaction. Among sociodemographic variables, gender, education, occupation, and age were also significantly related to changes in dietary life satisfaction.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.85-101
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• 1994

적층판의 동적거동에 대한 유한요소해석모델개발을 목적으로 전단변형을 적합하게 고려한 적층판이론에 대한 변분원리를 유도하였다. 유도방법은 Sandhu 등에 의해 개발된 다변수 경계치문제의 변분원리이론을 따랐으며, 지배방정식의 미분연산자 매트릭스를 self-adjoint로 만들기 위하여 convolution을 이중선형사상으로 사용하였다. 유도된 적층판의 범함수에는 경계조건, 초기조건뿐만 아니라 유한요소해석모델에서 생길 수 있는 요소간 불연속조건도 포함시킬 수 있다. 상태변수의 적합함수공간을 확장하거나 특정조건을 적용하므로서 다양한 형태의 범함수를 유도할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 다양한 유한요소해석모델의 개발이 가능함을 논하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권3B호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 천수방정식에 Galerkin법과 Petrov-Galerkin 기법의 일종인 SU/PG 기법을 적용하여 유한요소 천수흐름 해석 모형을 개발하고, 다양한 실험수로에서 이송이 지배적인 흐름을 수치 모의하였다. 수로 내부에 얇은 판 형태의 구조물이 존재하는 경우 Fr 수와 Re 수가 매우 낮은 흐름에서는 Galerkin 기법과 SU/PG 기법이 동일한 결과를 나타냈으나, Fr=1.58인 경우 Galerkin법은 발산하여 해를 얻을 수 없었다. 이 경우 SU/PG법은 Newton-Raphson법에 의한 5회의 반복에 의해 수렴된 유속결과를 구할 수 있었다. 사류와 상류가 혼재하여 천이류가 나타나는 단면확대 수로 모의에서 SU/PG 기법을 이용한 본 연구의 경우 상류단 수심조건이 잘 유지되며, 도수가 발생하는 지점 및 도수에 의한 수심 경사, 도수 후의 수심이 모두 Khalifa(1980)의 실험결과와 매우 근사하였다. 이송이 지배적인 사류(Fr=2.74)에 의한 사각도수 모의의 경우에도 Galerkin 기법은 최초 모의시간의 첫 번째 반복 이후 발산하였으나, SU/PG 기법은 도수 경계면을 수치진동 없이 잘 포착하였으며, 해석해와 비교한 수심 및 유속의 최대 오차는 0.2% 이내로 나타나 기존 연구(Levin 등, 2006; Ricchiuto 등, 2007)에 비해 더욱 정확한 결과를 도출하였다.