• 한국사회복지학
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• 제54권
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• pp.321-345
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• 2003

오늘날 개인이 소득을 획득하는 주된 원천은 노동시장이지만, 가구 내에서의 재분배나 사적 이전, 공적 이전 또한 개인에게 소득을 제공하는 소득원이다. 이 연구는 개인 소득의 안정성이 가족 국가 공동체라는 소득원에 따라 어떻게 변화하는가를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 분석은 사회복지의 제공주체들이 제각기 작동시키는 사회복지의 논리와 그 결합구조를 파악하려는 시도의 하나라는 점에서 중요할 뿐 아니라, 지금까지 주로 분석되어 오지 않았던 사회보장제도의 또 다른 목표, 즉 소득안정성에 초점을 맞추고 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 분석결과 가구 구성의 안정성은 개인이 소득의 안정성을 확보하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있으며, 사적 이전과 공적 이전은 가족으로부터 소득 안정성을 확보하기가 상대적으로 어려운 인구집단에게 특히 유용한 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 소득의 안정화를 위한 공동체나 국가의 역할은 노동시장의 유연화와 가구 구성의 안정성 약화가 지속적으로 가속화되고 있는 현 시점에서 매우 크다고 할 수 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.35-47
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of household characteristics on household expenditures on wedding, funeral, ancestor worship, and 60th birthday anniversary. Data for this study were from the 1996 Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey. OLS regression analysis was used to identify the effect of household characteristics on money spent on family ceremony expenditures. The household income, age of head, education of head, and family size were all significant factors for understanding family ceremony expenditures. The results also indicated that additional income from wife's labor force participation was associated with lesser expenditures on family ceremony, while business income, asset income, and transfer income had no effects on this category. The effect of the third quarter of 1996 was significant on family ceremony expenditures, indication that households spent significantly less for this category in the summer than did in the winter, holding other factors constant.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2015

본 연구는 노인 소득원을 국가소득. 시장소득, 가구소득, 전체소득으로 구분하여 분담구조를 살펴보고, 노인특성에 따른 차이를 분석하여 노인특성에 맞는 노후소득보장체계 구축자료로 활용하기 위한 것이다. 분석결과 첫째, 노인 소득원은 시장소득이 305만원으로 가장 많았고, 국가 248만원, 가족 218만원의 순으로 시장에 많이 의존하고 있었다. 둘째, 인구사회학적 특성에 따라서는 남성노인이 여성보다 국가, 시장을 통해 소득을 많이 얻는 반면, 여성은 가족을 통해 많이 받고 있었다. 연령에 따라서는 시장소득은 젊은 노인일수록 월등히 많고, 가족소득은 고령 노인일수록 많았다. 시장소득이 많은 비중을 차지하는 노인소득구성의 특성상 경제활동을 할 수 있는 젊은 노인들의 전체소득이 많았다. 지역에 따라서는 국가소득, 가족소득은 도시화된 지역이 많은 반면, 시장소득은 읍면지역이 많았으며, 배우자 유 무에 따라서는 국가소득, 시장소득은 배우자가 있는 경우가 많은 반면, 가족소득은 없는 경우가 더 많았다. 셋째, 소득수준에 따라서는 국가소득, 시장소득은 고소득층이 가장 많은 반면 가족소득은 고소득층이 가장 적었다. 저소득층 노인의 경우 가족소득에 의존하고 있어서 빈곤상태가 지속될 가능성이 큰 것이다. 넷째, 건강상태에 따른 소득원별 차이를 분석한 결과 건강수준이 좋을수록 국가와 시장소득이 높고 낮을수록 가족 등 사적인 영역에 많이 의존하고 있었다. 이상의 분담구조별 차이는 요인분석결과에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 따라서 우리나라 노인은 시장과 가족소득 의존이 서구국가보다 높으며 여성, 저소득층, 건강상태가 나쁜 노인 등 취약한 특성을 가진 경우에 가족 시장소득에 많이 의존하고 있어서 공적소득지원체계의 보완이 필요하다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-55
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• 1984

This study aims to present basic data for a reasonable home management through investigating the change of home economy conditions incidental to the family life cycle, also through analyzing the effect of socio-anthropological variables on the family-life cycle. The data investigation using the questionnaires method was conducted on housewives in Seoul as the central census tract. Housewives as the subject of investigation were chosen by the method of the purpose-sampling in consideration of the regional differences and the socio-economical strata. Nine hundred and forty questionnaires were distributed to housewives but seven hundred questionnaires were collected. Only five hundred and ten questionnaires of them were analyzed in this study. The frequency and the percentage of collected data, first of all, were founded in order to grasp the general characteristics of the subject of investigation. To classify the stage of family life cycle, the correlations of the classifying factors among each group were examined x2 Test and One-Way ANOVA were applied to explore the differences among each stage of the change of household-economy. And the effect of socio-anthropological variables on the change of household- economy was analyzed by Two-way ANOVA. the conclusions derived from the results of this study are as follows; 1) The marriage-period and the educational conditions of the first child were selected as the classifying factors through analyzing correlation among the age, the marriage-period and the educational conditions of their children. As a result of this analysis, the family life cycle were classified into seven stages: Stage 1; Establishment Stage 2; Preschool family Stage 3; Elementary school family stage 6; Adult period family Stage7; Marriage period family . 2) The change of household economy incidental to the progress of family life cycle has a significant differences in all of variables (except the other member of family's income) Stage 1; Though the husband's income and the income from property are on a low level, the total income is on a high level due to the housewife's income. Stage 2; The total income is on a low level owing to the decrease of house wife's income, though the husband's income keep growing. Stage 3; Owing to the increase of husband's income, the cost of living as well as the total income keeps growing but the savings are on the decrease. Stage 4; Compared with Stage 3, the total income tends to be on a low level but the living expenses are on the increase. Stage 5; The husband's income is on the highest level in the stages of family life cycle. The total income and the living expenses are on a high level. Stage 6; The income of husband and housewife are on the remarkable decrease but the children's income is on the increase. Stage 7; Owing to the increase of the children's income and the income from property, the total income is on the highest level in the stages of family life cycle. 3) Considering the effect of socio-anthropological variables on the conditions of household-economy, family system has an significant effect on children's income. the husband's occupation exerts a significant effect upon the housewife's and children's income. The husband's schooling exercises an effect upon the children's income. S.E.S has a important effect on the income of husband, housewife and children. From the above results, it is found that the change of household-economy conditions is incidental to the progress of family life cycle. Therefore, a suitable measure to cope with the desire of family and the conditions of household-economy should be prepared, in order to carry on a reasonable home management.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2000

This study is for examining the differences of perceived stresses and family strengths between the parents according to socio-demographic backgrounds(age, educational level, income and the degree of disorder) of the parents having mentally retarded children. The results were as follows. First, in the overall perceived stress level, there was no difference between fathers and mothers, but when compared in stress areas, fathers experience more distresses in general interpersonal areas than mothers. Fathers also shows differences according to the degrees of their income and their perception about disorder compared with mothers showing differences according to the degree of income. Second, there were no differences in family strengths perceived by both fathers and mothers, but were significant differences according to the level of education and income. Another words, higher the education and income level, higher is their family strengths level. Third, there were positive correlations between the perceived stresses and family strengths, and significant differences in family strengths according to the stress level(higher/lower part of the group). In other words, when the perceived stress level is high, the level of perceived family strengths is low.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.587-600
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family resources on social exclusion and the resilience of low-income families. To be more specific, this study categorized the level of social exclusion into five dimensions: work, housing, health, education, and social participation. Further, family resources were categorized into the two dimensions of "internal resources of the family" and "external resources of the family" in order to evaluate the effects of the two differentiated dimensions on social exclusion and the resilience of low-income families. The data of low-income families for the period of August 23 to September 28, 2012, were collected from community welfare centers that manage individual development accounts and local self-sufficiency centers; 302 cases were considered. The main results of this study were as follows: firstly, the model analysis proved that family resources as a parameter was significant, not only statistically but also theoretically and practically. Secondly, while a negative relationship was found between social exclusion and family resources, a positive relationship was found between family resources and resilience. This implied that the alleviation of a low-income family's social exclusion level could become an important intervention for the improvement of the family's functioning and strengths. Further, it implied that the qualitative improvement of the family's resources that affected the promotion of the resilience could be a basis for another practical intervention. These results suggested crucial implications for the development of comprehensive policies for addressing poverty issues.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-102
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the work-family reconciliation level of married women in double-income households. Specifically, the study aimed to test the positive spillover effects, asymmetry, and differential functions of work-family reconciliation. The study thus analyzed 1,114 married women in double-income households in the third-year data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF) done by Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI), with the exception of those who were separated, divorced, or widowed from their husbands. The data were put to descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 20.0 for Windows. AMOS 20.0 was used to test the hypothesis on positive spillover effects, asymmetry, and differential functions. The analysis results confirm that work-family conflict, family-work conflict, work-family facilitation, and family-work facilitation are different concepts, thus supporting the hypothesis on positive spillover effects. Secondly, the negative effects of family on work were greater than those of work on family, whereas the positive effects of family on work were greater than those of work on family, which finding partially supported the hypothesis on asymmetry among the components of work-family reconciliation. Finally, the married women in double-income households with preschool children experienced more work-family conflict and family-work conflict than those with no preschool children, which result supported the hypothesis on differential functions between the two groups of women. The findings were combined to provide implications for the utilization of family resources, policies for work-family reconciliation, and plans for institutional supports to promote the work-family reconciliation of married women in double-income households.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1371-1376
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• 2012

Background: Economic status is known to be directly or indirectly related to cancer incidence since it affects accessibility to health-related social resources, preventive medical checkups, and lifestyle. This study investigates the relationship between cancer incidence and family income in Korea. Methods:Using the Korean National Health Insurance cancer registration data in 2009, the relationship between their family income class and cancer risk was analyzed. The age-standardized incidence rates of the major cancers were calculated for men and women separately. After adjusting for age, residential area, and number of family members, cancer risks for major cancers according to family income class were estimated using a logistic regression model. Results: In men, the risk of stomach cancer for Income Class 5 (lowest) was 1.12 times (95% CI 1.02-1.23) higher than that of Income Class 1 (highest), for lung cancer 1.61 times (95% CI 1.43-1.81) higher, for liver cancer 1.22 times (95% CI 1.08-1.37) higher, and for rectal cancer 1.37 times higher (95% CI 1.18-1.59). In women, the risk of stomach cancer for Income Class 5 was 1.22 times higher (95% CI 1.08-1.37) than that for Income Class 1, while for cervical cancer it was 2.47 times higher (95% CI 2.08-2.94). In contrast, in men, Income Class 1 showed a higher risk of thyroid cancer and prostate cancer than that of Income Class 5, while, in women the same was the case for thyroid cancer. Conclusions: The results show the relationship between family income and cancer risk differs according to type of cancer.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

This study explores reading fluency among elementary school students considering language level and family income(low SES). Forty eight students from 1st to 3rd grades participated in two paragraph reading tasks. Half of the children were from low income family and half of the children had low lexical knowledge. Reading fluency as in the number of correctly read syllables per minute, the total error frequency and error types were used to compare group differences. There were significant differences in the number of correctly read syllables per minute between two income groups and two language groups. There was a significant difference between low income group and non-low income group in total number of errors only when children's lexical knowledge were low. There were no group differences in error types of repetition and omission. Substitution and insertion error seemed to reflect the total error pattern. These results imply the importance of early screening and early involvement for children with low lexical knowledge from low income family. Monitoring and early intervention will support these children's reading development.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2010

This study set out to investigate if work-family conflict and work-family enhancement would have mediating effects on the impact of gender role attitudes of women from double income households on their satisfaction of work and marriage. A structural modelof gender role attitudes was set as the independent variable, work-family conflict and work-family enhancement as the mediating variables, and work satisfaction and marriage satisfaction as the dependent variables. The subjects consisted of 2,713 married women from double income households and information was obtained from the first year data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF) collected by the Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI). Using SPSS 15.0 software, descriptive statistics were gathered, and frequency and factor analyses were conducted. AMOS 7.0 software was used to analyze both the measurement model and the structural model. The results indicate that work-family conflict and work-family enhancement had partial mediating effects on the impacts of gender role attitudes on work and marriage satisfaction among women from double income households. Notably, work-family enhancement had a greater effect than work-family conflict, which suggests that the elements of work-family enhancement, which are the positive aspects of work on family and family on work, should be promoted. It is, however, also important to make efforts to resolve work-family conflict by increasing the satisfaction level of work and marriage among women from double income households.