• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were compare the leisure attitudes, leisure activities, and leisure constraint among three different generations - teenagers, adults, and elderly adults. Data were obtained from a Questionnaire completed by both male and female lived metropolitan, and aged over 13. Using the factor analysis, this study classified the types of leisure attitudes. The leisure attitude was divided to 4 factors - reducing stress, self-realization, family activity, and surplus time. In order to compare the attitudes, activities, and constraints of leisure among three different generations, ANOVA was used The findings of this study are as follows: First, there were significant differences between teenager group and the others. The teenagers (n=107) recognized the leisure as a mechanism of reducing stress, or as just surplus time. They liked sports, computer games, travels, and reading books, but were not likely to like leisure activities shared with family members. Their leisure constraints were significantly larger than those of the other groups. Teenagers' constraints of time, money, and skills could be leisure barriers. Second, adults group (n=123) attached importance to the family leisure activities. They liked to spend time with their family members, but they seemed to be relatively passive in most types of leisure activities. They like to read newspapers and magazines, and to participate in religious activities. Third, elderly adults' (n=86) purpose of leisure activities was to improve the health condition, and to develop relationships with their friends. They liked sports such as swimming and aerobic dance, travels, religious activities and community service activities. Their good health condition and economic resources could decrease the leisure constraints.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the self- efficacy, group cohesion and family support on adherence of aquatic exercise in arthritis patients. Method : The Subjects were 30 patients with arthritis who had participated in the 6-week aquatic exercise programs of Korean Rheumatology Health Professionals Society. All subjects were interviewed from November to December, 2001(1st) and Feburary, 2002(2nd) using a structured questionnaire which was composed of 42 items. SPSS Win 10.0 was used for data analysis. Results : Ten out of thirty were adherer who were keeping aquatic exercise for three months since they completed 6-week aquatic exercise program. The major reasons of adherence were affectional reasons and general condition improvement on the first month. The reasons of 3-month adherence were improvement of arthritis symptoms, affectional improvement, expectations, general condition improvement and group activity. The major reasons of drop out were environment factors and physical factors. The environmental reason were time shortage, economic problem and long distance. And the physical factor were cold, pain and other health problem. The scores of self-efficacy were decreased from 528.00 to 476.00 within 3 months after compeleting aquatic exercise program and that was statistically significant(p=.029). But there were no statistically differences in group cohesion and family support. There was a significant positive correlation between exercise adherence and self-efficacy. Factors influencing the exercise adherence was self-efficacy which accounted for 23% of the variance in the exercise adherence. Conclusion : In conclusion, self-efficacy is a significant variable in the exercise adherence and changes within 3 month after completing aquatic exercise program. The results of this study suggested that the strategy for maintaining self-efficacy should be developed.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between adolescents' suicidal ideation and their physical health conditions to contribute to lower suicide rates among adolescents. Methods: Secondary analysis of 2108 high school students of $10^{th}$ grade was conducted using the Korean Child and Youth Panel survey in 2013. The association between suicidal ideation and socio-demographic and health characteristics were analyzed using Chi-square tests and regression models. Results: Adolescents' physical health conditions were significantly related to suicidal ideation. In particular, rhinitis and various symptoms such as feeling feverish, low appetite, feeling of nausea, stomachache while studying, and sleeping problem showed statistically significant relationships with suicidal ideation (P < .05). Furthermore, the higher frequency of diseases and body symptoms increases the rate of suicidal ideation. Considering socio-economic characteristics, family structure was also important. Conclusions: Physical health condition is a major contributor to adolescent's suicidal ideation. results suggest that improving social support system for adolescents' physical health conditions across family and school may be important in suicide prevention efforts.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.397-407
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• 2022

The informal economy is a large part of the urban economy. The informal economy accounts for about half of Pakistan's GDP. This research examined nine different areas of Rawalpindi's Central Business District's business sector (CBD). A survey of 404 respondents from 16 CBD marketplaces enables a comprehensive examination of who works in the informal and formal economic sectors, how much they earn, their goals, perception of their job, and their degree of similarity to the rest of the working population. Furthermore, the statistics illustrate the pro-cyclical connections between the informal economic sector and the formal economy. The Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) technique is used for the analysis. The MLR results indicated the informal economic sector holds positive relation with earning members in a family, business expertise, average business sale, and negative relation with education level, satisfaction with government tax policies, household expense, and average investment in the business. From a resilience standpoint, governance is considered an intentional collective action to preserve a stable system condition. Hence, the current study recommends tax reforms and government institution reorganization to mobilize the informal sector and make effective institutional governance.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2003

The present study was initially designed to figure out the general condition of care giving system for the elderly women who need long term care and the level of their depression according to the conditions of care. And This research is intented to present appropriate policy that could help the establishment of supporting system for the fragile elderly women.1 used the data from <2001 National Study on the Needs for the Long-Term Care Elderly> by Korea Health and Population Institute. The results are as follows: First, Two third of all the respondents had serious problems (2-9 activities limits) in Instrumental Daily Living Ability(DAL). Most respondents reported “low” in satisfaction level related to receiving care, meaning the elderly had negative perception for the care from the family. The elderly expected their children to be as the primary care giver and mostly wanted to live with them in the future. Second, The majority of the long term care elderly women haven't used community service facilities very often and said they are not likely going to use the facilities in the future. Third, The respondents reported high in depression level as to lower satisfaction with their children's support, poorer health condition, more reluctant to use service facilities due to the cost, and fewer friends and neighbors resources around them. Therefore I could say that negative factors for the elderly women's psychological health were having unsatisfactory relationship with intimate people, developing physical illness, being in economic difficulties. That is, receiving less help from close family members, shrinking social network, and experiencing economic hardship would have negative effects on elderly women's psychological health. In the basis of these results, I suggest that in the mean time we shouldn't overlook the importance of the private support when we develop the public elderly support system.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-112
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• 2017

The adolescent birth rate has doubled in the recent decade. As a result, the Korean government has implemented support for adolescent single-parent families by expanding the scope of coverage of the Single-parent Family Support Act in 2010. In order to understand whether experiences of facility entry programs and the Single-parent Family Support Act for adolescent single-parents were helpful or not, this study verified the relationship to mental health. This study utilized a part of the National Youth Policy Institute's 'Research on the Actual Condition of the Adolescent Pregnancy, Birth and Rearing Children.' Participants of the study were 218 adolescent single-parents at the age of 24 and younger. This study used the research methods of descriptive statistical analysis, ${\chi}^2$test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. The findings and discussion of this study are as below: Firstly, the depression level of adolescent single-parents who had been raised by grandparents was higher than other family types to a meaningful standard and adolescent single-parent's cognition of the original family's economic level was related to self-esteem and parenting efficacy. Secondly, the practical single-parent family support policy for adolescent single-parent's pregnancy, birth and rearing children has shown a higher reception rate, and medical service of facility entry programs has a higher satisfaction level. However, some of the facility entry programs and the Single-parent Family Support Act have a low reception rate and it should be considered whether to maintain them or not.Lastly, parts of facility entry programs and the Single-parent Family Support Act for adolescent single-parents have increased self-esteem and parenting efficacy and reduced parenting stress and depression's levels.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.55-75
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of employment related factors on household savings for precautionary purposes when controlling for financial security and to compare the results between the two different economic periods. A conceptual framework was developed based on the precautionary saving theory, the family stress theory, and previous empirical studies. As a self-insurance, a measure of security funds were developed and used as the dependent variable. Using data on working households in the 1992 and the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), a MLE estimation was conducted on the pooled data. The 1992 and 1998 data were used to reflect periods of economic recession and expansion, respectively. The results suggested that factors representing resources played the most significant role in determining the amount of security funds. Some of the employment related factors, preferences, financial security, and race were also significantly affected the amount of security funds. The results suggested that stable employment conditions were important for households to accumulate security funds. Households with more human resources and financial resources had a larger amount of security funds than those that had less human and financial resources. From the findings, implications for research, policies, and financial educators had been suggested.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2005

The number of grandparents who have responsibility for raising their grandchildren is growing. The present study examines the extent of this phenomenon and some of the issues these grandparents face in surrogate parenting. The sample consists of 69 grandparents(63 grandmothers and 6 grandfathers) of grandchildren who have lived with them at least 6 months without their parents. The grandparents raising grandchildren reported that caregiving bought negative changes in relations with their own children, economic situation and health condition. They concerned most about the issue of good mannered behavior of grandchildren and making good friends and needed social supports in terms of house cleaning and cooking and transportation for after school activities. Caregiver burden was related to the number of family members, the degrees of life changes, economic hardship due to caregiving, grandchildren's school performance and the relations with granparents' own children.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.262-276
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation among the stroke patient family's health, burden and quality of life which is based upon the comparative appreciation of the adult stroke patient's family and elderly stroke patient's family. For this purpose, data were collected from the family care-givers for two groups of stroke patients under sixty years old and over sixty years of age, admitted at K Hospital and H Hospital in Seoul. The instruments for this research are based on the tool for measuring physical health and psychological health developed by Yang, Young-hee(1992), the tool for measuring the sense of burden by Seo, Mee-hae and Oh, Ga-sil(1993), and the tool for the quality of life by Noh, Yoo-ja(1988). The sampling for this study was done from December, 2000 until February, 2001. Questionnaire data were drawn up by personal interviews aided by the staff nurses. The analysis of collected data are based on general characteristics calculated at the rate of 100 percent of the average, t-test, ANOVA(some difference on a level with p<.05 being subsquently confirmed by DMR) for Health Status, Burden, Quality of Life and Pearson Correlation to verify the hypothetical correlation among the subjects. The results of this study are as follows: 1. In the adult stroke patient family, the factors influencing the physical health proved to be age, present occupation and family-formation. Here, the factors influencing psychological health turned out to be age, matrimonial status, present occupation and family-formation. In the elderly stroke patient family, the factors influencing physical health proved to be age, gender, final academic status, matrimonial status, present occupation, and relation with the patient. Here, the factors influencing the psychological health were age, final academic status, matrimonial status, present occupation, relation with the patient and family-formation. In the former case, the influencing factors upon the burden were shown to be age, final academic status, matrimonial status, relation with the patient and family-formation. In the latter case, the influences upon the burden were age, gender, final academic status, matrimonial status, present occupation and relation with the patient. In the former case, the influences on the quality of life were gender, and economic situation. In the later case, the influencing factors on the quality of life were age, final academic status, matrimonial status, present occupation, and relation with the patient. 2. The rate of the physical condition in the former case turned out to be 2.83, and the psychological condition 2.37. The physical condition of the latter case was 2.76, and the psychological condition 2.46. The rate of the burden in the former case was 3.14, and that of the latter case was 3.04. The rate of quality of life in the former case proved to be 2.46, and that of the latter case 2.55. 3. The rate of correlation between the burden and the quality of life appeared to be the high counter-correlation (r= -.573). The rate of correlation between the psychological health and the burden of a simialr (r= -.565). The rate of correlation between the physical health and the psychological health proved to be a moderate correlation (r= .372), The rate of correlation between physical health and the burden turned out to be a low counter-correlation (r= -.276). According to this study, there proved to be a very close correlation among the stroke patient family's health, the burden and quality of life. Thus, it would be necessary to find out various nursing interventions in order to mitigate the stroke patient family's burden in the process of caring for the patients.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2003

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to understand the types of coping strategies that family caregivers experience during the process of caring demented elderly: to grasp the coping strategies used for resolving this problem: and to develop a substantive theory by analyzing the coping types of the family caregivers of demented elderly. Method: The methodology of data collection and analysis used in this study was grounded theory proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1990). The data was collected through in-depth interviews with participants using open-ended and descriptive questions about their coping experiences. All data were were audio-taped and transcribed. The data were collected from February, 2000 to February, 2001. The participants of this study were 17 women. Results: Caregiver's coping types varied according to 'family's support', 'the condition of caregiver's health', 'the relationship with dementia elderly', 'family perception of dementia', 'fixed idea of traditional female role' and 'economic state'. In this study, five types of coping strategies were emerged: active role allotment tyle, meaning grant tyle, devotion tyle, duty defense type, and pessimism type. Among these, those who belong to the types of active role allotment, meaning grant, and devotion, including caregiver's good health were found to adapt themselves to caregiver roles. Conclusion: The results of this study may be helpful for developing effective and individualized nursing strategies suitable for individual caregivers coping types. It is suggested to practice nursing mediation and to analyze the changes in nursing effect and family members' adaptation based on coping types of the well-adapted caregivers as we as on their affirmative coping strategy.