• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.64-80
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting family caregiver burden, and to identify the relationship between family caregiver burden and family function /self-care of psychiatric out-patient. These data were collected by questionnaire from September 20 to October 8, 1993. The subjects were 285 family caregiver of psychiatric out-patients. The instruments used in this study were Caregiver Burden Inventory(CBI) by Novak(1989), self-care performing by Yu(1992), and Family APGAR by Smilkstein(1979). The data were analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$, mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression with SPSS /pc+ program. The result of this study were as follows ; 1. The means of family caregiver Burden revealed total 2.00, Time-Dependence Burden 78, developmental Burden 2.22, physical Burden 1.90, social Burden 1.43, emotional Burden 2.18, financial Burden 1.51. family caregiver burden score showed moderate level. time-dependence burden showed the highest score and social burden showed the lowest score. 2. The means of family function revealed total 5.67. 7 through high-21.4% (61), low through 3-38.6%(110). family function score showed moderate level. 3. The means of patient's self-care performance revealed total 137.71. self-care performance showed moderate level. 4. A ststistically significant correlation between family caregiver burden and patient's demographic variables, age (F=3.83, p<.01), marrital status(F=3.50, p<.01), job(F=3.17, p<.01), diagnosis(F=4.46, p<.01), income (F=4.46, p<.01). No significant differences between family caregiver burden and prevalent period, religion, sex (p>.05). S. A ststistically significant correlation between family caregiver burden and family's demographic variables, age (F=7.34, p<.01), sex(t=-2.63, p<.01), education level(F=7.61, p<.01), income (F=8.13, p<.01), relation with patient (F=6.92, p<.01), job(F=2.03, p<.05), medical service (F=3.89, p<.05), presence of chronically ill without patient(t=-2.01, p<.05) 6. Family function was the highest factor predicting family caregiver burden(R=.4168, $R^2=.1737$), low education level of family, patient's self-care, family income accounted for 36% in family caregiver burden.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.60-76
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analysis level on family caregiver's burden for the elderly with senile dementia in a rural area and to choose priority care group, thereby facilitating the development of interventions to reduce the caregiver's burden. For this purpose, data were collected by questionaire from June 10 to October 8, 1994. The instruments for data collection were Caregiver Burden Inventory by Novak(1989) and Zarit et al(1982), severity of dementia by Hughes Scales (1982), ADL by Lawton (1971), patients' family caregiving activity by pre-survey and reference review(Lee, 1993 ; Jang, 1990 ; Yoo, 1982). The subjects were 60 family caregiver of senile dementia in a rural area. The data was analysed by the use of t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression. The results were as follows : 1. Total burden was evaluated over average, the mean of family burden was 61.24. 2. Significant variables which were correlated to the family caregiver's burden were the severity of dementia(F=30.52, p<0.001), ADL(F=5.43, p<0.01), PADL(F=6.14, p<0.01), caregiver's health status(F=6.05, p<0.01), a view of patient's prognosis(F=4.08, p<0.05), the number of hours per day spent on caregiving(F=19.64, p<0.001), level of intimacy of caregiver and patients(F=7.16, p<0.001), the frequency of caregiving activity(F=5.31, p<0.01). 3. ADL was the most important predictor to family caregiver burden(R2=0.6611). In addition to this, the severity of dementia, level of intimacy of caregiver and patient, relationship with the patient accounted for 79% of family caregiver burden. 4. The criteria of priority care group were as follows ; the mean of family caregiver burden was above 58, above of moderate ADL, the number of hours per day spent on caregiving above of 8 hours, above of moderate dementia. By the the severity of dementia, number of priority care group, mild dementia was 10(43.4%), moderate dementia 23 (92.0%), sever dementia 12(100.0%).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.654-664
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the burden, health promotion behavior and health status and to describe the relationship of the burden, health promotion behavior and health status of the family caregivers of intensive care unit patients. Method: The subjects were 48 family caregivers of ICU patients in a University Hospital. Data were collected between June, 1 and July, 31, 2000 using structured questionnaires. Research tools used were Suh and Oh's Burden Scale, Revised Walker, Sechrist, & Pender's HPLP(1987) ; Revised Nam's Health State Scale(1965). Result: The mean score of burden of family caregiver was 3.01(full score was 5). The mean score of health promotion behavior of family caregiver was 2.52(full score was 4). And the mean score of health status of family caregiver was 0.68(full score was 1.00). The score of psychological health state was a little higher than the physiological one. In correlational analysis, the burden and the health status of caregivers were reversely correlated . The correlation between the burden and the health promotion behavior, and the health behavior and health status were not significant. Conclusion: The more burden caregivers of ICU patients felt, the worse their health status. So nurses need to understand the family caregiver's burden and apply nursing care that can reduce burden, in order to improve the health status of family caregivers.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.19-34
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analysis level on family caregiver's burden for the elderly with chronic disease in a rural area and to choose priority care group, thereby facilitating the development of interventions to reduce the caregiver's burden. For this purpose, data were collected by questionaire from June 10 to October 8, 1994. The instruments for data collection were Caregiver Burden Inventory by Novak(1989) and Zarit et al(1982), severity of dementia by Hughes Scales(1982), ADL by Lawton(1971), patients' family caregiving activity by pre-survey and reference review(Lee, 1993 ; Jang, 1990 ; Yoo, 1982). The subjects were 213 family caregiver of elderly with chronic disease in a rural area. The data was analysed by the use of t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression. The results were as follows ; 1. Total burden was evaluated below average, the mean of family burden was 46.98. By the diagnostic classification, Hypertension was 27.37, DM 32.46, CVA 62.96, Dementia 61.24. 2. Significant variables which were correlated to the family caregiver's burden were the patient's disease diagnosis (F=33.82, p<0.001), severity of dementia(F=30.52, p<0.001), the status of disease management(F=11.53, p<0.001), ADL(F=10.54, p<0.001), PADL(F=7.50, p<0.001), income(F=7.17, p<0.001), caregiver's health status(F=24.53, p<0.001), a view of patient's prognosis (F=22.17, p<0.001), relationship with the patient(F=33.82, p<0.001), the number of hours per day spent on caregiving(F=77.52, p<0.001), level of intimacy of caregiver and patients(F=8.75, p<0.001), level of helping(F=4.90, p<0.01), the frequency of caregiving activity(F=3.80, p<0.01), the number of admission(F=5.54, p<0.01), the length of caregiving(F=4.43, p<0.01), other chronic patient in family(t=2.81, p<0.01), caregiver's job(F=3.11, p<0.01), the duration of illness(F=2.98, p<0.05), caregiver's religion(F=2.93, p<0.05), medical security(F=3.89, p<0.05), caregiving's helper(t=2.42, p<0.05). 3. PADL was the most important predictor to family caregiver burden(R2=0.6611). In addition to this, IADL, caregiver's health status, the length of caregiving. level of intimacy of caregiver and patients, patient's age, the patient's disease diagnosis and patient's job accounted for 76% of family caregiver burden. 4. The criteria of priority care group were as follows ; the mean of family caregiver burden was above 58, above of moderate ADL, the number of hours per day spent on caregiving above of 8 hours, above of moderate dementia. By the diagnostic classification, number of priority care group, Hypertension was 4 (8.0%), DM 4(8.0%), CVA 34(64.1%), Dementia 45(75.0%).

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.384-395
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• 2000

This study examined burdens of primary family caregivers, and family functioning of patients with cancer. In addition, the relationship between two concepts was assessed to develop nursing intervention to reduce the burdens of caregiving, and to improve family functioning. Ninety-two primary family caregivers of patients with cancer at a general hospital in Seoul participated in this study. The patients with cancer aged from 19 to 84 years with a mean age of 51 years, and sixty-one percent were male. About 30 percent of the patients suffered liver and billiary tract cancer. Fifty-six percent of the primary family caregivers were spouses of the patients and 70.7 percent were women. Primary family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the Burden Scale originally developed by Zarit (1980) and Novak & Guest(1989) and modified by Jang (1995) for use in Korea. The instrument consists of six subscales: time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, emotional burden, social burden, and financial burden. Family functioning was assessed by the Family APGAR developed by Smilkstein(1978). The results were as follows: 1. The average burden score was 86.1, indicating a moderate level of burden. The time-dependent burden scored highest followed by developmental, physical, social, financial, and emotional burdens. The mean score of family APGAR was 9.71; among subjects 82.6% were included in dysfunctional families. 2. Of the characteristics of patients, age, gender, number of admissions, and job were found to be associated with the level of burden. There was no significant difference between patient characteristics and family functioning. Of the characteristics of primary family caregivers, caregiver's perception of patient prognosis was significantly related to the level of burden, and family functioning. Caregiver's sex and age were also related to family functioning. The quality of relationship between a patient and a caregiver was significant situational factors affecting the level of burden, and family functioning. In addition, the income of family, and help from other family members were related to the level of burden. Given the results, it is essential to develop nursing intervention to reduce burden and to improve family functioning, such as support groups.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.383-402
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting family caregiver financial burden of out-of pocket expenses for the nursing home service under Long-term Care Insurance System. We conducted a national cross-sectional descriptive survey from July to September 2010 to collect data based on the long-term care benefits cost specification. Total 1,016 family caregivers completed questionnaires. 185 subjects of total were excluded from the data analysis due to being answered by user(18 cases), or caregivers not to pay for services expenditures(122 cases), having a missing data on family caregivers characteristics(45 cases). Finally, 831 subjects were included in the study. The average financial burden was 3.18(${\pm}0.71$). We divided subjects into two groups by level of burden, high-burden group and low-burden group. In the result of the multiple logistic regression analysis, family caregiver financial burden was significantly higher in family caregivers with ages 40 to 49 compared to less than 40, lower educational level, unsatisfaction for long-term care service, high percentage(more than 50%) of cost-sharing and high total out-of pocket expenses(more than 300,000 won) for long-term care services. Also, Family caregivers who are spouse felt higher financial burden compared to son. This study is meaningful as the first attempt to measure family caregiver financial burden for long-term care service and to identify factors affecting the financial burden. Family caregivers felt financial burden of out-of pocket expenses for the nursing home service. The policy makers, the insurer, and the providers need to pay attention to ease family caregiver financial burden.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate QOL and the factors related to family caregivers who care for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. Methods: The subjects were 83 family caregivers caring for ALS patients who visited the neurology outpatient section of a tertiary hospital located in Seoul between January and July of 2008. Their demographic characteristics were assessed and data were collected using the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRS), the caregiver burden inventory (CBI), HADS, and SF-36. Results: The mean score of the physical health component (PHC) of the family caregiver's QOL was $62.6{\pm}24.4$, and the mean score of the mental health component (MHC) of their QOL was $57.7{\pm}22.4$. The mean score of caregiver burden was $76.5{\pm}30.7$. Anxious family caregivers amounted to 55.4% and depressed family caregivers accounted for 63.9% overall. In a multivariate analysis, the PHC of QOL was explained by caregiver burden (41.1%), depression (9.4%), caregiver gender (3.8%), and caregiver age (3.1%). Anxiety (39.8%), caregiver burden (10.9%), patient gender (5.4%) and depression (1.7%) were predictive factors of the MHC of QOL. Conclusion: Caregiver burden and depression affected both the PHC and the MHC. Caregiver burden affected the PHC more than it did the MHC of QOL, but anxiety affected the MHC more than it did the PHC of QOL.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.108-132
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• 1992

The purpose of this study· is to identify sources of the caregiving burden, thereby suggesting social welfare alternetives for supporting family caregivers of the elderly with dementia. 23 family caregivers who participated in self-help group of family caregivers of dementia elderly at a welfare facility for the elderly in Seoul were seleted as the study sample. Zarit caregiving burden scale and Zarit functional impairment measurement for the elderly were adapted for this study and a number of additional variables were included in this study. Correlational analysis was utilized. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1) The impairment of activities of daily living of the elderly was significantly related to the negative elderly. caregiver-family relationship(PADL:r=.6032 IADL : r=.5930 p<.05). 2) The impact on caregiver's health was very significantly related to the impact on the caregiver's task(r=.6233 p<.001). 3) The Impact on caregiver's health was very significantly related to the impact on the caregiver's social activity restriction(r=.6851 p<.001). 4) The impact on the caregiver's social activity was very significantly related to the impact on the caregiver's task(r=.6969 p<.001). 5) Caregiver's income was significantly related to the impact on the caregiver's task(r=.5252 p<.05). 6) Compensation(interpersonal relationship between the elderly and the caregivers, social praise and appreciation of the elderly) was important variables which affect to the feeling of the caregiving burden.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the main factors influencing family functioning of caregivers in families with stroke. Method: A Convenient sample of 173 primary family caregivers who take care of a stroke patient at an Oriental medicine hospital in Jeonbuk. Interviews were done with a standardized questionnaire including family functioning by nurses. Results: In Pearson's correlation analysis, the influencing factors related to family functioning were ADL(p=.017), level of paralysis(p=.019) as stressors, Quality of relation(p=.000) as situational variables, and family caregivers' burden(p=.000). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed 29.9% of the variance family functioning was significantly accounted for by the quality of relationship between stroke patient and caregiver(26.8%), and caregiver burden(3.1%). Conclusions: Findings indicate that families of stroke patients need family-focused nursing intervention as supported care to improve the relationship between patient and primary caregiver and relieve caregiver burden by culturally tailoring to Korean.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived burden of the terminally III patients's caregiver and to analyze relationship between the perceived burden and the various demographics, illness characteristics, family relationships, and economic factor of the family & patients. The sample of 132 caregivers who care for the terminally III patients Kyung-Gi province, Seoul, Korea. The period of this study was from August to September, 2002. The perceived burden of the family caregiver was measured by the burden scale(20 items, 4 point scale) developed by Montgomery et al. (1985). The Data was analyzed using SAS-program by t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1. The mean of the family caregiver's burden score was 3.02. The score showed that caregivers perceive severe the level of burden. The hight items of the family caregiver's burden were' I feel it is painful to watch patient's diseases'(3.77). 'I feel afraid for what the future holds for my patients'(3.66), 'I feel it reduced to amount of privacy time'(3.64). 2. The caregiver's burden was significantly related to patient's gender(F=3.17, p= 0.0020), patient's job(F=2.49, p=0.0476), caregiver's age(F=4.29, p=0.0030), and caregiver's job(F=2.49, p=0.0476). 3. The caregiver's burden according to illness characteristics showed no significant difference. 4. The caregiver's burden was significantly associated with patient's family relationship (F=4.05, p=0.0041), patient's care mean period in a day(F=47.18,