• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.235-239
• /
• 2011

Liquid-state fermentation of Monascus koji was performed using 10% honey as the nutrient source. The rheological characteristics of flour doughs with added red koji broth were evaluated and revealed the following results. The falling number which represents the paste characteristics decreased, as the amount of added red koji broth increased. Adding 10% broth resulted in a falling number of $363{\pm}7.8s$ and with 20% it was $318{\pm}2.1s$. In the measurement of gelatinization using a rapid visco analyzer, increasing the red koji broth decreased peak viscosity, peak viscosity time, holding strength, final viscosity and set-back values, but initial pasting temperature and breakdown value increased. In the farinograph measurements, no significantly different absorption was found between the control and the treatments, and the results were 64.3-65.0%. The consistency and tolerance index of the doughs were higher in the treatments than the control. Increasing the broth addition ratio increased the measurement values, however development time and time to break down the doughs decreased. Stability also decreased and adding 20% broth resulted in a 9.3 min development time, and adding 40% broth resulted in a 3.0 min development time. In the alveographic analysis, the $P_{max}$ (overpressure) value of the control was 158.0 mm. $P_{max}$ value increased to 190.0 mm after adding 40% broth. However the values of L, G and W were higher in the control. As a result, little influence on dough rheology was observed by adding red koji broth 20%.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this preliminary study was to develop a measurement for assessing risk factors for falling in community-dwelling elderly persons. Rasch analysis and principal component analysis were performed to examine whether items on the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC), assessing self-efficacy, and items on the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), assessing balance function, contribute jointly to a unidimensional construct in the elderly. A total of 35 elderly persons (4 men, 31 women) participated. In this study, each item of ABC (16 items) and BBS (14 items) was scored on a 5-point ordinal rating scale from 0 to 4. The initial Rasch and principal component analysis indicated that 3 of the ABC items and 2 of the BBS items were misfit for this study. These 5 items were excluded from further study. After combining ABC and BBS, Rasch and principal component analyses were examined and finally 23 items selected; 12 items from ABC, 11 items from BBS. The 23 combined ABC-BBC items were arranged in order of difficulty. The hardest item was 'walk outside on icy sidewalks' and the easiest item was 'pivot transfer'. Although structural calibration of each 5 rating scale categories was not ordered, the other three essential criteria of Linacre's optimal rating scale were satisfied. Overall, the ABC-BBS showed sound item psychometric properties. Each of the 5 rating scale categories appeared to distinctly identify subjects at different ability levels. The findings of this study support that the new ABC-BBS scale measure balance function and self-efficacy. It will be a clinically useful assessment of risk factors for falling in the elderly. However, the number of subjects was too small to generalize our results. Further study is needed to develop a new assessment considering more risk factors of falling in elderly.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2018.05a
• /
• pp.149-149
• /
• 2018

Prediction on initial motion of sediment is crucial to evaluate sediment transport and channel stability. The condition of incipient movement of sediment is characterized by bed shear stress, which is generated from force of moving water against the bed of the channel, and by critical shear stress, which depends on force resisting motion of sediment due to the submerged weight of the grains. When the bed shear stress exceeds the critical shear stress, sediment particles begin rolling and sliding at isolated and random locations. In Mountain River, debris flow frequently occurs due to heavy rainfall and can lead some natural stones from mountain slope into the bed river. This phenomenon could add additional forces to sediment transport system in the bed of river and also affect or change direction and magnitude of sediment movement. In this paper, evaluations on incipient motion of uniform coarse gravel under falling spheres impacts using small scale flume channel were conducted. The drag force of falling spheres due to water flow and length movement of falling spheres were investigated. The experiments were carried out in flume channel made by glass wall and steel floor with 12 m long, 0.6 m wide, and 0.6 m deep. The bed slopes were selected with the range from 0.7% to 1.5%. The thickness of granular layer was at least 3 times of diameter of granular particle to meet grain placement condition. The sphere diameters were chosen to be 4cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm. The spheres were fallen in to the bed channel for critical condition and under critical condition of motion particle. Based on the experimental results, the Shields curve of particles Reynold number and dimensionless critical shear stress were plotted. The relationship between with drag force and the length movement of spheres were plotted. The pathways of the bed material Under the impact of spheres falling were analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.591-598
• /
• 2019

The statistics of committing suicide in S. Korea is ranked in top with serious attempts of falling among OECD countries since 2003. The rates is slightly dropped by 5 percent point, nevertheless the falling is still high for the age of over 10 years old and this matter must be solved. Most of the case of suicides are the falling based on a trend view of falling which is serious matter and cannot be solved easily for both domestic and foreign countries. For example, the steel net of falling prevent was installed in the Golden Gate Bridge costed by 200 million-dollar. In New Zealand, the steel net of falling prevention had been removed and re-installed beccause of the high suicide rates. Canada and Australia also surrounded the bridge with steel fences to prevent suicide without consideration of the beauty of bridge. Therefore, this paper suggested a comparison study on both falling prevention systems in all countries and patent technologies. Also, it covers the blocking skills of approach in both security and limited area. This paper suggested the technical Rollinder system equipped with the mechanical apprentice to prevent effectively the falling sucides and wall passing. Before the installation of Rollinder System by 2016, there were 33 person who tried to fall in the river in Machang Bridge. However, the number of the committing suicides were dramatically reduced to zero after the installation of the system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.3293-3303
• /
• 1996

Numerical analyses have been performed to estimate the absorption heat and mass transfer coefficients in absorption process of the LiBr aqueous solution and the total heat and mass transfer rates in a vertical tube absorber which is coolING ed by air. Axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate system was adopted to model the circular tube and the transport equations were solved by the finite volume method. Absorption behaviors of heat and mass transfer were analyzed through falling film of the LiBr aqueous solution contacted by water vapor in tube. Effects of film Reynolds number on heat and mass transfer coefficients have been also investigated. Especially, effects of tube diameter have been considered to observe the total heat and mass transfer rates through falling film along the tube. Based on the analysis it has been found that the total mass transfer rate increases rapidly in a region with low film Reynolds number(10 ~ 40) as the film Reynolds number increases, while decreases beyond that region. The total heat and mass transfer rates increase with increasing the tube diameter.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.830-838
• /
• 2005

The present study investigated the optimization of the absorption performance of the vertical absorber tube with falling film by considering heat and mass transfer simultaneously. Effects of film Reynolds number, geometric parameters by insert device (spring) and flow pattern on heat and mass transfer performances have been also investigated. Especially, effects of coolant flow rate and the flow pattern by geometric parameters has been observed for the total heat and mass transfer rates through both numerical and experimental studies. Based on both predicted values, the optimal coolant flow rate was predicted as 1.98 L/min. The maximum absorption rate of the spring inserted tube was increased by the maximum of $20.0\%$ than those for uniform film of bare tube. Average Sherwood numbers and Nusselt numbers were increased as Reynolds numbers increased under the dynamic and geometric conditions showing the maximum absorption performance.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of falls and identify risk factors associated with falls. Methods: The participants were 233 community-dwelling elderly people in two cities. Data were collected by interviewing the elderly with structured questionnaires from May to June, 2012. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Age, educational level, living arrangement, health status, the use of assistive devices, the number of medication, hypertension, arthralgia, dizziness, fall efficacy, fear of falling, activity of daily living, and quality of life were significant associated with fall experience. Through multiple logistic regression analysis, arthralgia, dizziness, fall efficacy, and fear of falling were identified as significant predictors of falls. Conclusion: It is important to identify the risk factors for falls among the elderly living in community. Fall prevention interventions should be multifactorial, especially for the elderly who were identified as the high risk group.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.1256-1261
• /
• 2009

Seawater amounts to 70% of the earth and represents a quite unlimited resource for the production of fresh water by desalination processes and for the extraction of dissolved salts present in it. Recently, the falling film evaporation has increased in interest as an efficient method for seawater desalination system. In the desalination system, the flow characteristics of the falling film is very important issue to make highly efficient system. So, this study is taken to investigate numerically the falling film thickness on the inlet Renold Number ranges are 400 to 700. Numerical simulations are performed using FLUENT6.3.26, a commercial CFD code.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 2001

In this paper, this study aims at the evaluation on the characteristics of CFRP laminate plates using a falling weight impact tester. The experiment was conducted on several laminates of different orientation. A system was built far measur- ing the impact strength of CFRP laminates in consideration of stress wave propagation theory using a falling weight impact tester. Delamination areas of impacted specimens for the different ply orientation were measured with ultrasonic C- scanner to find correlation between impact energy and delamination area. Absorbed energy of quasi-isotropic specimen having flour interfaces was higher than that of orthotropic laminates with two interfaces. The more interfaces, the greater the energy absorbed. The absorbed energy oft hybrid specimen containing a GFRP layer was higher than that of normal specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2021

Numerical studies on the hydrodynamics of a freely falling rigid sphere in bounded and unbounded water domains are presented having investigation on the drag coefficient, normalized velocity, surface pressure and skin friction coefficient as a function of time. Two different conditions of the bounded and unbounded domains have been simulated by setting the blockage ratio. Four cases of bounded domains (B.R. = 1%, 25%, 45%, 55%, 65% and 75%) have been taken, whereas the unbounded domain has been considered with 0.01%. In the case of the bounded domain (higher values of B.R.), a substantial reduction in normalized velocity and increase in the drag coefficient have been found in presence of the bounded domain. Moreover, bounded domains also yield a significant increase in the pressure coefficient when the sphere is partially submerged, but the insignificant effect is found on the skin friction coefficient. In the case of the unbounded domain, a significant reduction in normalized velocity occurs with a decrease in Reynolds number (Re) and also increase in the drag coefficient.